ANTARES
Physics motivation Recent results Outlook
4 senior physicists, ~5 PhD students, ~5 technicians
M. de JongRECFA
23 September 2005
Neutrino telescope
Neutral point back Weak interaction no absorption
Need huge detector
X
N
1.5deg.
θE TeV
1960 Markov’s idea:
Range of muon:
Detect Cherenkov light:
Transparency of water:
R 1 km at 200 GeV
Use sea water as target/detector
c90 A
N sin θcm 2 d
λ 50 100 m
All particle cosmic ray spectrum
= E-2.7 (
m2 s
r s
GeV
)-1
E (GeV)
1 / km2 /year
Where do they come from?
Pierre Auger Observatory
Emax = 1021 eV > 5 x 1019 eV (GZK)
1 GeV 1010 GeV
Dark Matter
4%23%
73%
atoms
dark matter
dark energy
Rotational light curves Gravitational lensing Temperature fluctuations
Astrophysics– Neutrino astronomy
– Composition of jets
– Engine of cosmic accelerators
Particle physics– Origin of UHE cosmic rays
– Massive particles (GUT)
– Dark matter
– Neutrino properties (, )
Physics motivation
Detection principle
c (tj - t0) = lj + dj tan(c)
+ N + X
= 0.2 deg.x = 20 cmt = 1 ns
mediumproperties
“All-data-to-shore” conceptpo
sitio
n
time
10 ms
Software Trigger
2 s
offline reconstruction
<1 MB/s
determination of trajectory
1 GB/s
events
All-data-to-shore (2)
Fast front-end electronics
– Analogue Ring Sampler chip
High bandwidth
– DWDM technology
Software Trigger
– Fast algorithms
Software Trigger
100 PCs @ 600 MHz 1999
– CPU 600 MHz 3 GHz × 5
– New algorithm × 3
– C++ compiler 2.96 3.3 × 1.5
5 PCs @ 3 GHz
2005
Data taking in case of a GRB alert
GRB trigger
GRB events
write all data to disk, including all data in memory
all data1 GB/s
100 CPUs with each 1 GB RAM
location of the GRB
detector
data filtered offline100 s of raw data prior to the alert
+few minutes of raw data
after the alert
disk
disk
10log E (GeV)
effe
ctiv
e v
olu
me
[km
3]
Detection efficiencies
With satellite information
Improved detection efficiency
Standard
4 optical modules 1 laser beacon 2 LED beacons Seismometer, ADCP, etc.
April 13 2005:
Connection with VICTOR
Instrumentation line:
Summary
Proof of concept of time calibration system
Mass production started
Deployment of first complete line before end this year