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Anemia
Brad Conner and Sheree Rodeffer
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Why should I care?
• Most common blood disorder in the US– Affects 4 million
• It can affect anyone– Women and individuals with chronic diseases
are at an increased risk
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What is it?
• Too few red blood cells in the body– Low production– High losses– Cells destroyed too quickly
• Results in decreased
oxygen to body’s
organs
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General Symptoms
• Initial– Not always apparent– More tired– Skin appears pale– Exercise Symptoms– Cold hands and Feet– Lightheadedness
• May be temporary or chronic• Symptoms may vary in severity
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Types of Anemia
• Determined by Causes
– Caused by Blood Loss– Caused by Destruction – Caused by Decreased or Low Production of
Blood
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Caused by Blood Loss
• Bleeding– Slow loss over time– Undetected
• No symptoms??
– Sources of chronic bleeding• Gastrointestinal conditions• Use of NSAIDS• Menstruation and Childbirth
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Caused by Destruction
• Rupture due to stress of circulatory system
• Causes:– Present at birth or develop later– Spontaneous– Vascular grafts, prosthetic
Heart valves, tumors, etc…– Stressors from toxins, drugs, certain foods– Toxins from advanced liver or kidney disease
Ex: Hemolytic Anemia
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Caused by Decreased Blood Production
• Due to abnormally low blood cell counts• Lack of vitamins and minerals
• Forms include:– Sickle-Cell Anemia– Iron Deficiency– Vitamin Deficiency– Bone marrow and Stem Cell
problems
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Sickle-Cell Anemia
• Relatively common in African Americans– 1 in 500 African-American newborns each year are diagnosed
– RBCs become rigid and shaped like crescents
– Caused by defective gene• Leads to abnormal hemoglobin (S)
– Cells are sticky and
can clump together
– Severity of sickling varies
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Sickle-Cell Anemia
• Signs and Symptoms– Delayed growth and Development– Increased risk of infections– Skin Ulcers of Lower Leg– Extreme pain
• Chest, Abdomen, Joints• Hours to Weeks
– Swollen Appendages – Frequent Infections
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Sickle-Cell Anemia
• Treatment – Medication
• Treats the pain
• Antibiotics to help against infection
– Oxygen may help breathing– Blood Transfusion
• Prevention is the key!!!- Good Nutrition - Adequate Rest- Protection against Infection - Drink plenty of water- Avoid temperature extremes - Avoid stress- Vaccinations
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Treatment
• Treatment based on cause– Recommendations by a Doctor– Most conditions are treatable with medication
• Temporary fix, not a cure
Ex: Iron Deficiency Anemia• Iron Supplements
– Too much iron is bad though
• Watch for side effects– Medication interactions
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Conclusion
• Most Anemias are not life-threatening
• Can be treated with either – Lifestyle changes– Medication for symptoms– Surgery as last resort
• Education is best prevention
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References
• Pictureshttp://science.uwe.ac.uk/projectshowcase/blood_cells%20copy.JPG
http://depts.washington.edu/kexp/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/04/coachella%20crowd.jpg
http://www.pennhealth.com/health_info/pregnancy/graphics/images/en/19725.jpg
http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2003/Dec-19-Fri-2003/photos/nelson.jpg
http://www.active.com/images/prod_sys/Ibuprofen.jpg
http://www.academic.marist.edu/~jzmz/topics/description_rbc/description32.jpg
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia-basics
http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/healthgate/images/si55551158.jpg
http://www.aafp.org/afp/990600ap/pquiz.jpg
http://media.cornerdrugstore.com/drugidentifier/photo_us/020/hydr005e.jpg
http://www.101healthsolution.com/images/anemia.jpg
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References
Mayo Clinic Family Health Book. New York: Harper Collins, 2003.
"Understanding Anemia". WebMD. 4/25/2008 <http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia-treatment>.