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Tattoos!
Duncan, Chelsea, Rebecca and Monique
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Maori Moko
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Brief History and Documentation- Original inhabitants of New Zealand- First Documented by Capt. James Cook 1769
-Textbooks-Journal Articles-Web Resources
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Cultural Significance Origin Story
-Mataora and Niwareka
Ancestral Importance-Gift from the Gods-Connection to the Past
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Physical Meaning- Eight Separate Regions- Right Hand Side
-Fathers rank-Tribal Affiliation-Position in Life
- Left Hand Side-Mothers rank-Tribal Affiliation-Position in Life
- Generally Only Men
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Meaning
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Moko Kauae
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Decline of Ta Moko
19th Century- Colonization
- Missionaries- New Zealand Wars (1860-1864)- Tattooed Head Trade (Mokomokai)
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Mokomokai
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Ta Moko Today-Maori Renaissance“Moko has revived, as a marker of identity, as an expression of dreams and aspirations, as a keeper of memory.”
-Te Awekotuku
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Holocaust Tattoos
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Holocaust Tattoos: Numbering Series at Auschwitz
1. May 1940 through January 1945: Male Jewish prisoners took these numbers until May 1944. The series ends with number 202,499.2. October 1941 through 1944: 12,000 numbers for Soviet prisoners of war.3. March 1942 through 1944: 90,000 females marked with this series.4. February 1943 through August 1944: Two series for Roma-Gypsies are formed, one for each sex. 10,094 were given out to men. 10,888 were given out to women. Both series start with “Z” for “Zigeuner,” gypsy in German.5. Mid-May 1944: A series for Hungarian Jews begins. The series started with “A” and ended with “1” for 20,000 numbers before moving on to a series beginning with “B.” 15,000 men received the “B” series. For an unknown reason, 30,000 women received the “A” series before moving on to “B.” Notes:- Over 400,000 numbers were given out.- Some Jewish prisoners received triangles below their numbers.- Prisoners of German nationality and reeducation prisoners did not receive tattoos.
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Quote from Primo Levi
“With time, my tattoo has become a part of my body. I do not display and do not hide it. I show it unwillingly to those who ask out of curiosity, readily and with anger to those who say they are incredulous. Often, young people ask me why I don’t have it erased. This surprises me: Why should I? There are not many of us in the world to bear this witness.”
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Quote from Henia Bryer
“I was offered by various surgeons to remove it, and they were very glad to do it, but I wanted to keep it on. So that when people say that it didn’t exist - these days, that the Holocaust didn’t exist, it’s a figment of your imagination - I wanted to show them. and many people don’t even know what this number means, still today. I wanted to keep it as a witness… as a sign that it really happened.”
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Preserving the Cultural Heritage of Holocaust Tattoos
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Quote from Abramo and his grandson
Abramo: “Is this so they don’t forget?”
Grandson: “So that I’ll never forget.”
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Quote from Yosef Diamanti
“When you have a grandchild and he asks you what it is, will you tell him about me?”
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Quote from Eli Sagir
“All my generation knows nothing about the Holocaust. You talk with people and they think it’s like the Exodus from Egypt, ancient history. I decided to do it to remind my generation: I want to tell them my grandfather’s story and the Holocaust story.”
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Holocaust Tattoos as a Cultural Heritage in Need of Preservation
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Current Preservation of Holocaust Tattoos
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Russian Prison Tattoos● “They [tattoos] uphold
traditions belonging to the group, signify group solidarity, and utilize a language kept secret from the authorities.” ~Margo DeMello
● Vory v Zakone
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Preserves Cultural Heritage
● Keeps the culture alive● Tells the history
of the individual
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Cultural Heritage in Need of Preservation
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Preservation Initiatives
● Danzig Baldev● Sergei Vasiliev● Russian Criminal
Tattoo Archive
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Exhibitions
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Contemporary Tattoos
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Deviance and Mental Disorders
“not only were tattoos linked with deviance, it was argued that the physical act of getting a tattoo would cause future deviance”
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Tattoo Renaissance● 1980s and 1990s ● the number of people with tattoos began to
rise○ primarily those in the middle class ○ making tattooing more “mainstream”○ academics began to disassociate
them with deviance
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Tattoos As Art and Investments
● “The streets have become a mobile gallery offering glimpses of elaborate monochrome patterns, intricate faux jewelry, fantasy creatures, and images appropriated from Van Gogh, Botticelli and Picasso”
● “It’s something you’ve put some thought into, and it's something you’re going to have 20 years later
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Tattoos as Cultural Heritage
“The social world of tattooing centers around the production of a unique cultural artifact” ● Tattooees creating their own culture● In cultural limbo
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Preserving Cultural Heritage
● Nationalities/Ethnicities● Social Groups● Beliefs/Religious Groups● The tattoo culture itself
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Preservation Initiatives● Social Media● Oral Communication● Portfolios and
Tattoo Flash● Documentaries● Reality TV Shows
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Preserving the Physical Tattoo
● However, these forms of preservation are not preserving the physical tattoo○ Often times, the story behind the tattoo is also
missing through social media
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Syracuse China Tattoo Archive