![Page 1: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
1
Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models
Jim Davies, Nancy J. Nersessian, Ashok K. Goel {jimmyd, nancyn, goel}@cc.gatech.edu
Program in Cognitive ScienceGeorgia Institute of Technology
![Page 2: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
2
Outline• Background: where these ideas are
coming from• Our computational account of
visual analogy• Examples: radiation problem and
Maxwell’s case study
![Page 3: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
3
Motivation
• People use analogy and visual reasoning when problem solving – In Scientific theory creation
• Nersessian’s cognitive-historical analysis of Maxwell
– Psychological studies support this
![Page 4: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
4
This Work• This work builds a new, cognitively
informed, computational theory of visual analogy for problem solving, one form of which is scientific discovery.
• We hypothesize that representing problems as visual abstractions facilitates the analogical process in problem solving.
![Page 5: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
5
Visual Analogy
• Visual analogy is analogy with visual elements
![Page 6: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
6
Bitmap Images
• Neuron432: on• Neuron479: off• Neuron200: off• Neuron136: off• Neuron326: on• Neuron344: on
![Page 7: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
7
Symbolic ImagesSymbolic Image
contains contains
square
contains
circle triangle
inside right-of
![Page 8: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
8
Symbols Are Mapped
![Page 9: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
9
Goel’s Computational Work• Structure-Behavior-Function: Goel et al.
1997• IDEAL: Bhatta & Goel 1997
– Generic Teleological Mechanisms• ToRQUE: Griffith, Nersessian, Goel 2000.
– Generic Structural Transformations
![Page 10: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
10
Primitive Visualization Language (Privlan)
• Primitive visual transformations (privits)
• Primitive visual elements (privels)• Symbolic images (simages)
![Page 11: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
11
Privits: Primitive Visual Transformations
• Decompose (object, number)• Move (object, new-location)
![Page 12: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
12
Privels: Primitive Visual Elements
• Line (thickness, start point, end point)
• Generic-Visual-Element (size, location)
![Page 13: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
13
System: Galatea
![Page 14: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
14
![Page 15: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
15
Maxwell’s Model Development
![Page 16: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
16
Generic Abstraction
![Page 17: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
17
![Page 18: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
18
Primitive Visualization Language (Privlan)
• Primitive visual transformations (privits)– Add-component, decompose, move
• Primitive visual elements (privels)– Circle, line, generic-visual-element
• Symbolic images (simages)
![Page 19: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
19
Conclusions• Galatea has been applied to two examples,
supporting our computational theory of visual analogy and Privlan.
• This implementation has provided support for visual interpretations of the Duncker case and Nersessian’s interpretation of the Maxwell case.
• We conjecture that visual representations and generic abstractions are useful for a wide variety of problem-solving instances, including scientific discovery.
![Page 20: Analogical Problem Solving With Visual Models](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062400/56816867550346895ddecb42/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Davies, J., Nersessian, N. J., & Goel, A. K. http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research/visual-analogy/ May 2001
20
Thank You
• http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~jimmyd/research /visual-analogy/