Download - An Uneasy Peace
An Uneasy PeaceObjective… Explain the difficulties
President Wilson encountered in trying to project his progressive ideas to the world and to his own constituents.
Making peace Three stages…
• The armistice…• The Paris Peace Conference…• The Treaty of Versailles…
U.S. ratification…
Wilson’s political mistake prior to the Paris Peace Conference…
42) What were the 14 Points?In general terms…
– Wilson’s blue print for peace– Moral vision for the world
In specific terms…- Freedom of the seas- Open covenants – No secret treaties- Free trade- Reduce military armaments- Mediation of competing colonial claims- Establish a League of Nations
The article… 1) To what extent did
Wilson’s personality and upbringing shape the controversy over the Treaty of Versailles?
The article…
2) Explain the significance of the term
Wilson’s “holy crusade”.
The article…
3) Relate the causes of World War I to Wilson’s
response in his 14 Points.
The article…
4) What were Wilson’s hopes for the League of
Nations?
The League of Nations• Implement the principles• Resolve disputes
• Article X - Collective security– “The members of the League undertake to respect
and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political
independence of all Members.”
5) Contrast the mood of the country at the
beginning of American
involvement to the end of the war.
Wilson in Paris 43) How successful was Wilson
in applying his Fourteen Points?
6) What forces outside of the U.S. helped
derail Wilson’s ideal?
7) What forces inside the U.S. helped derail
Wilson’s ideal?
8) In what ways did Wilson’s handling and
management of the peace negotiations
ultimately undermine the ratification process?
9) If you had been a Senator in 1919, would you have
supported the Treaty? Explain your answer.
10) What would it have taken to get the
deal done?
The Big Four…Great BritainHidden motive: Revenge
FranceHidden motive: Security from Germany
ItalyHidden motive: Additional land
United States
Germany feels betrayed - Why?
Allied motives?...FRANCE -Security from Germany
ENGLAND -Revenge
ITALY-Additional land
The Treaty of Versailles• Germany became financially responsible for ALL
damage caused during the war. (REPARATIONS)• Reduced their army & navy• Lost territories... Lost Alsace-Lorraine (ceded to the
French) provided much of its coal for manufacturing.• Lost with its African colonies… trade markets & raw
materials.• Germany is severely weakened & no longer a world
power• Germany’s economy & morale decline, giving rise to
Nazi Party.
Objective… Identify the reasons for
Senator Lodge & others objecting to the League of Nations.
The Treaty Fight 44) Why was there a fight about
ratifying the Treaty of Versailles in the U.S. Senate?
Wilson’s opposition at home?• The
Irreconcilables…
• The Reservationists…
The Treaty Fight45) Why did
Wilson resist Lodge’s actions & what did he try to do instead? The end result?...
How did Wilson respond to his opposition?• Took the fight to the American
people• 8,000 mile speaking tour • 23 days / 36 speeches• Sept. 25 – collapsed in CO.• Suffered stroke –paralyzed
52) What did the results of the 1920 election reflect about
American society?
The Election of 1920• Rep.– Senator
Warren Harding – Called for a retreat from idealism & a “return to normalcy”
• Rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and the League
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World War I TEST
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