4/1/2016
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An Overview of Tutorial on Trends and Challenges in Remote Sensing
and Geoinformatics (Part-1)and
Trends and challenges in Applications of Geospatial Technology (Part-2)
www.isro.gov.in
SPIE APRS Conference Tutorial, April 2, 2016
Presented by:Dr. S.K. Srivastav([email protected])
Part-1
An Overview of Tutorial
Coordinator: Dr. A. Senthil Kumar
Joint Coordinator: Dr. S.K. Srivastav
Speakers/ Resource Persons: Dr. S.K. Srivastav, Dr. Sameer Saran, Dr. Harish Chandra Karnatak, Mr. Vinay Kumar, Mr. Shashi Kumar, Mr. K. Shiva Reddy
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Tutorial Overview
Purpose of the Tutorial
To make the participants aware about the latest trends andchallenges in Remote Sensing and Geoinformatics and theirapplications.
• Forenoon session focuses on topics related to advances in Remote Sensing viz., Microwave and Hyperspectral remote sensing.
• Afternoon session focuses on topics related to Geoinformatics viz., 3D GIS and Geo-Web services.
Contents
Tutorial Overview contd..
Trends and challenges in applications of
geospatial technology (GST): an overview
‐ Indian & Global EO scenario
‐ Applications of GST – A few examples,
Challenges & Research Opportunities
Dr. S.K. [email protected]
Microwave Remote Sensing
‐ Advances in microwave remote sensing
‐ SAR Polarimetry
‐ Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (PolInSAR)
Shashi [email protected]
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
‐ Advances in hyperspectral remote sensing
‐ Platform and sensors
‐ Data processing
Vinay [email protected]
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Tutorial Overview contd..
3D GIS and Applications
‐ 3D data acquisition
‐ 3D data storage and processing
‐ 3D analysis and visualization
Dr. Sameer [email protected]
Geo-Web services based framework for
development of Mashup applications in GIS
‐ Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
‐ Concept of Participatory GIS & Crowdsourcing
‐ Consuming different map services in single
platform
Dr. Harish [email protected]
Tutorial Overview contd..
Demonstration and hands-on exercise on
Geo-Web services and Mashup applications
‐ Accessing open geodata from multiple
sources and its integration with Web
services
‐ Spatial data creation and downloading
from Openstreet Map and other sources
‐ Real data collection using Mobile devices
and Open Data Kit (ODK)
Dr. Harish [email protected]
K. Shiva [email protected]
Summary and Discussion
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Part-2
Trends and challenges in Applications of
Geospatial Technology
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• Earth Observation (EO) Systems
(space-borne & airborne)
–Sensors with various SPATIAL,
TEMPORAL resolutions, EM
regions
• GIS
– VISUALISE & ANALYSE all
geo-linked data
− Integrate Ground Data (Non-
spatial Databases, Ground
sensors, Crowdsourced data, etc.
• GNSS
– Locations, Mobile Mapping
•APPLICATION
– Decision Making with Knowledge
Geospatial Technologies – Building Knowledge
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MEGHA-
TROPIQUES
INSAT-3AOCEANSAT-2
SARAL
RISAT-1
RESOURCESAT-2
RISAT-2
CARTOSAT-2; 2A; 2B
CARTOSAT-1
KALPANA
INSAT-3D
LAND & WATER HIGH RESOLUTION OCEAN WEATHER; CLIMATE
1 km <1 mIMAGING CAPABILITY
Indian Earth Observation Programme
Strong Ground Mechanisms
Diversity of Applications
Vibrant Space Segment
Source: Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) Satellite Database
(http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-weapons/space-weapons/satellite-
database#.Vv0g9VKLW-A)
~1400 satellites are currently in orbit
~66% of active satellites are are used for
communications.
• Over 30 EO based space agencies
• 268 missions carrying 785
instruments in next 15 years
• ~100 new missions will be launched
in next 5 years
• Global budget of space programme is
US $70 billion (EO 15%); Space
budget of India is US $1.2 billion
• EO satellites in LEO consist of 22%
of total missions
Global Earth Observation Scenario
Source:
http://eohandbook.com/eohb2014/images/EOHB_PDFs/CEOSEOHB
tablesDec2014web.pdf and ISRO HQ.
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Applications of Geospatial Technology (GST)
MappingDescriptive
ModelingPrescriptive
Where is What? Why and So What?
Potential Fisheries Zone (PFZ)
Forecast
• Fish catch doubled
• Reduced search time by 60%
& fuel cost by abut 30%
Fisheries
Area & Production estimation
for 8 major crops
• In-season multiple forecast
• Satellite data + Agro-
meteorology + Land based
observations
AgricultureGroundwater Prospects
Zones & Recharge Sites
• Improved success rate for
Bore wells
• Improved water level
Drinking Water
Watershed DevelopmentBetter productivity potential
& improved livelihood
• Soil & Water Conservation
• Enhanced crop yield
• Decrease in fallow lands
Monitoring Irrigation Infrastructure
Inventory & Mapping of
Irrigation Infrastructure
• Assessment of gaps in
irrigation potential created
and its utilization at the
ground level
Applications of GST: A Few Examples
NR Census
Periodic Inventory of Natural
Resources
Land use , Wetland, Soil, Snow &
Glaciers, Geomorphology,
Land degradation, Vegetation
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• Geospatial database
• Asset mapping & Activity
Planning
• Implementation & Monitoring
• Decision Making at local level
Multi-scale (10K, 2K)
Urban Geospatial database
• In support of Urban Planning,
Infrastructure development
National Urban Information System
Monitoring of Glaciers and
Snow cover area
• Glacier Retreat
• Snow-melt Runoff Forecasting
• Input to Climate Change
Snow & Glaciers
Forestry
Assessment of forest cover
on a two-year cycle
• Plan conservation measures
• Rapid Forest Mapping to
identify hot spot areas
• Space based Weather parameters
& Essential Climate Variables
• Assimilation into model for
improved weather prediction
• Ocean State forecast
• Sea Surface Temperature
• Sea Surface Heights
• Prediction of cyclone formation
predictions
Weather & Climate
Decentralized Planning at Panchayats
Applications of GST: A Few Examples contd..
• Hazard Zonation
• Flood Inundation Maps
• Damage Assessment
• Bank Erosion Studies
Floods
• Monthly Agril. Drought Report
• End-of-the-Season Agril.
Drought Report
• Carried out by MNCFC
Drought
• Intensity & track prediction
• Damage Assessment
• Heavy Rainfall alerts
• Heat wave alerts
Weather & Cyclone
• Damage Assessment
• Hazard zonation
• Rainfall induced
landslide forecast
• Damage
Assessment
Earthquake
Landslide
• Active Fire Detection
• Damage Assessment
Forest Fire
Institutional MechanismDecision Support Centre (DSC)
In association with Nodal AgenciesMHA, MOA, NDMA, State Agencies
Em
erg
en
cy C
om
mu
nic
ation
Su
pp
ort
+
Applications of GST: Disaster Management Support
Source: NRSC
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Agriculture
Applications of GST: Challenges & Research Opportunities
• Automated target crop mapping
• Coupling of crop models and geospatial tools
for improved crop production forecast and
early drought warning
• Climate change impact on agriculture
• Carbon seq. potential of agriculture land-use
• Soil & crop health assessment and early
detection of crop diseases
• Retrieval of crop biophysical parameters
Water Resources• Develop. of real-time tracking and DSS to
provide hydrological outlook
• Assessment of Hydrological Drought
• Specific inputs for Inter-linking of rivers
• Glacial lake hazard zonation and GLOF
simulations
• Quantification of ground water recharge
• Effect of climate and land-use/ land-cover
change on hydrologic regime of river basins
• Assessment of Afforestation at Early-Growth
Stages
• Assessment of Carbon Source and Sinks
through Eddy Flux Towers and Upscaling to
Regional-Level using RS Data
• Forest Structure and Growth Modeling through
Microwave and LiDAR Sensors
• Forest Health Assessment using
Hyperspectral Sensors
• Inventory and Assessment of Non-Timber
Forest Produce
• Long-term Ecological Studies
Forest & Environment• Upgradation of geological database using
SAR data and high-resolution topographic
information
• Upgrad. & Operationalisation of Mineral &
Mining Information System for entire country
• Information extraction from multi-sensor
satellite data and geospatial modeling
• Innovative tools and approaches for discovery
of new mineral deposits
• Impacts of mining including land subsidence
measurement & modeling• Geodynamics of Himalaya & active tectonics
Geology & Mining
Ocean & Atmosphere
Applications of GST: Challenges & Research Opportunities
Developmental Planning
Disaster Management• Upgrad. of geological database using SAR
data and high-resolution topographic info.
• Upgrad. & Oper. of Mineral & Mining
Information System for entire country
• Information extraction from multi-sensor
satellite data and geospatial modeling
• Innovative tools and approaches for discovery
of new mineral deposits
• Impacts of mining including land subsidence
measurement & modeling• Geodynamics of Himalaya & active tectonics
Geology & Mining
• Water quality in coastal and inland lakes
• High-resolution coastal and ocean state
forecast
• Polar environment monitoring
• Prediction of high intensity rainfall events,
e.g. thunderstorms
• Aerosol and cloud interaction
• Urban growth prediction and LULC change
modeling
• 3-D city modeling to assess solar potential
• Effect of climate change on river basin and
urban hydrology
• Geotechnical investigations and sub-surface
utilities mapping using GPR
• Advanced terrain modeling (using high-
resolution stereo satellite/ LiDAR data) for
infrastructure projects
• Flood forecasting and spatial inundation
modeling
• Flood prone area assessment
• Urban Flood modeling
• Modeling of storm surge inundation
• Forest fire danger rating
• Early warning of disasters
• Establishment of National Disaster
Management Command Centre (NDMCC)
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Promoting Space Applications in
Central Ministries/ State Government
Prime Minister urged DOS to pro-actively engage with all stakeholders to
maximise the use of space technology in governance and development.
160 Space Applications across 58 Ministries / Departments
• Natural Resources Management
• Energy & Infrastructure
• Disaster & Early Warning
• Communication & Navigation
• Geo-spatial Governance
• Societal Services
• Majority of these projects (over 110) are
related to geospatial applications
• About 30 projects are related to
applications of satellite communication
and navigation
• About 20 projects require technology
development.
• About 55 projects have pan-India
coverage.
A geoportal showcasing Indian imaging capabilities and for GIS data creation, visualisation, analysis, GIS products & services in Participatory GIS environ. (http://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/)
A portal for comprehensive data & information on India’s water resources (http://www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/)
A portal for weather forecasting, cyclone prediction and continuous weather & ocean data availability (http://www.mosdac.gov.in/)
Portals for providing spatial and species data on biodiversity and bio-resources(http://iirs.gov.in/ and www.ibin.gov.in)
Geospatial Services through Web Portals
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• Improved Spatial Resolution – Very High Resolution Satellite Data
• Improved Spectral Resolution – Hyperspectral Data
• Improved Temporal Resolution – Higher Revisit / Agile Satellites
• Microwave Data – Multi Polarization, Multi-frequency
• Continuous observation of Earth – Geostationary Platform
• Wide Swath Medium resolution Data
• Autonomous Spacecraft: Onboard intelligent image processing system to detect
the extreme event and respond autonomously
• 3D data – Lidar (ground & aerospace systems)
• Sensor Web: Seamlessly networked observing system (in situ and space based)
• Easier access of Relevant Information to Common public
Requirements and Emerging EO Scenario
Source: ISRO HQ.
• Airborne sensors
– AVIRIS (NASA)
– CASI (ITRES Research Ltd. of Calgary)
– AHySI (ISRO)
• Spaceborne sensors-
– Hyperion (NASA) &
– HySI (ISRO)
• ISRO also collaborated with NASA for
airborne hyperspectral (AVIRIS) data
acquisition over India.
• Future Missions
– Hyperspectral sensor on GISAT on
geostationary platform (ISRO)
– Imaging IR spectrometer on
Chandrayaan-2 (ISRO)
– PRISMA (ASI Italy)
– EnMAP (DLR Germany)
– HySPIRI (NASA)
Current & Future Missions Potential Applications
• Mineral mapping
• Species level discrimination of plants
• Evaluation of Vegetation Stress due to
– natural agents- drought, disease, insects
– air and ground pollutants
• Monitoring of coastal and inland waters
• Mapping the variability of soil properties,
etc.
• High data dimensionality
• Size of hyperspectral data
• very high computational complexity
• Spectral mixing (linear and nonlinear)
• Data degradation mechanisms (noise and
atmospheric effects)
Challenges
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing – Trends & Challenges
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Global and Indian Scenario: Several SAR satellite missions have been
planned on different frequency ranges. NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar
(NISAR), Mission with L- and S-band in 2019, RISAT Missions, ESA Biomass
(2019) mission with P-band SAR, Tandem-L (2019) of DLR etc.
Potential Applications:
• DEM generation
• Subsidence monitoring
• Soil moisture estimation
• Forest structural and biophysical
parameter retrieval
• Crop estimation
• Flood mapping, monitoring
• Oil spills mapping & monitoring
• Glaciological applications (velocity, snow
depth etc..)
Challenges:
• Topographic effects (Difficulty in hilly terrain )
• Speckle Effect (Difficulty in Visual Interpretation)
• Complex Interactions (Closely spaced urban structures and mixed targets)
• Subsurface analysis of vegetation, snow, soil and regolith from space-borne SAR data
SAR Remote Sensing – Trends & Challenges
Emerging platforms
Ground
Static Terrestrial laser
scanner
Mobile mapping system
Aerial
Manned
Drone/microlite
Global and Indian scenario
Commercially operational worldwide
Advanced sensors are in
developmental phase
R&D studies initiated in India (mostly
in govt. sector)
LiDAR Vs. other RS domains
Precise/Accurate
High dense
Vertical profile
Multiple returns
Penetration into water and
canopy
Potential applications:
3D Urban modeling
Forest inventory
Bathymetric survey
Landslides
Transmission line
mapping
Highway/Railway corridor mapping
Challenges
Handling of large volume data
Multi-sensor data fusion for geometry
& spectral based feature identification
LiDAR Remote Sensing – Trends & Challenges
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• Big data analytics for geo-spatial data analysis, processing and modelling
• Cloud computing for geo-spatial domain [IaaS, PaaS, SaaS and MaaSimplementations)
• 3D and 4D GIS
• Crowdsourcing & Participatory GIS
• Real time simulation and virtualizations
• Geo-computation and spatial analysis
• Coupling GIS with process models
• Contents based image retrieval and applications
• Web & Location based services
• Semantic Sensor-web
Trends & Challenges in Geoinformatics
RESOURCESAT-2A
Payloads• LISS 4 (5.8 m, 70 km swath, 10 bit)
• LISS 3 (23 m, 141 km swath, 10 bit)
• AWiFS (56 m, 800 km swath, 12 bit)
Continuity for Resourcesat-2
GISAT - 1
Geosynchronous Orbit
Payloads
• HR Mx VNIR : 50m; SWIR: 1.5 Km
• HYSI VNIR: 320m; WIR : 192m
CARTOSAT-2E
Payloads• PAN (0.60 m, 10 km swath, 11 bit)
• Mx (2m , 10 km swath, 4 Xs, 11 bit)
VHR Panchromatic and
Multispectral Imaging
CARTOSAT-3VHR Panchromatic,
Multispectral Imaging
Orbit : 500 km
Local time: 0930 hrs
Orbit : 817 km
Local time: 1030 hrsOrbit : 450 km
Local time: 1030 hrs
Payloads• PAN (0.25 m, 16 km swath, 11 bit)
• Mx (1m , 16 km swath, 11 bit)
Orbit : 36000 km
Every 30 min
SCATSAT-1
To provide wind vector data
Payload• Ku-band Scatterometer (SCAT)
Orbit : 720 km
Local time: 0600 hrs
Oceansat-3 & 3A
Continuity for OS-2 with
Improvements
Payloads• 13 band Ocean Color Monitor
• Ku-band Scatterometer
• Long Wave Infrared Bands
Orbit : 720 km
Local time: 1200 hrs
RISAT-1A
Continuity for RISAT-1
Payloads• C-Band SAR
Orbit : 536 km
Local time: 0600 hrs
NISAR
Joint Mission with JPL/NASA
Payloads• L & S Band SAR
Orbit : 747 km
Local time: 0600 hrs
INSAT-3DR/3DS
Meteorological Satellite
Payloads
• 6 Channel Imager
• 19 Channel Sounder
Orbit : 36000 km
Every 30 min
Indian EO Missions - Near Future
Source: ISRO HQ.
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Thank you..