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ASSASSIN BUGS,Zelusspp. and others
Description Picture Prey attacked
similar in appearance toleaffooted bugs
often brightly colored sucking mouthparts
feed on:
body fluids (extracted by
sucking mouthparts)
caterpillars
and other insects
BIG-EYED BUG, Geocoris spp.
Description Picture Prey attacked
conspicuous large eyes
are characteristic
feed on:
insect eggs
other soft-
bodied insects
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HONEY BEE,Apis melliferaLinnaeus
Description Picture Prey attacked
orange and
black
well known
insect
about 1/2
inch long
feed on:
pollen and nectarimportant as a
pollinator rather than as
predator
LACEWINGS, several species
Description Picture Prey attacked
adults have four large glossy
net-veined wings
wings are held together over the
thin body
nearly one inch long
larvae are called aphidlions
larvae are elongate and flattened
widest at the middle with
hooked mandibles
active on long legs small white eggs are laid singly
on stalks
feed on:
aphids
and other soft-
bodied insects
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MINUTE PIRATE BUGS, Oriusspp.
Description Picture Prey attacked
generally black with
some white markings
small, about 1/8 inch
feed on:
insect eggs
other soft-
bodied insects
LADYBIRD BEETLES, several species
Description Picture Prey attacked
well known insects usually under 1/4 inch
hemispherical shaped beetles
often reddish with black spots or
black with reddish spots
color varies within and between
species
small forms are not often recognized
as ladybird beetles
antennae are clubbed
larvae are elongate and flattened
grubs
active and move about freely
Adults and larvae
feed on:
aphids
and other small
insects
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PARASITIC WASPS, several species
Description Picture Prey attacked
large group of
diverse insects
color and sizevaries
microscopic to
over an inch long
black andyellow are
common colors
seldom seen
feed on:
caterpillars
grubs
other pests areattacked
important as parasites
of many pests
help to control many
pestspupae of a small
braconid are found on
the surface of
hornworms
PREDATORY WASPS, several species
Description Picture Prey attacked
generally 1/4
inch or more in
length
many speciesthat vary in size,
color and shape
many are
brightly colored
may be robustor have thread
"waists"
all have four
wings
most are capableof stinging
may collect large
numbers of insects
to provision their
nests
some aid inpollination
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SPIDERS, several species
Description Prey attacked
piders have:
ght legs
wo body regions
o wings
any species are nocturnal
icroscopic to over 3 inches long
Spiders feed on:
general insects
other arthropods
all spiders are beneficial
striped lynx spider celer crab spider winter spider star bellied orb weaver
gray dotted spiderblack and white jumping spider long jawed orb weaver ridge faced crab spider
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BEET ARMYWORM, Spodoptera exigua
Description Picture Damage
adults have forewings which are mottled
grayish-brown and have an expanse of about
1 1/4 inches
hind wings are silver white with a darker
front margin bright green with dark lateral stripes, thelarvae are about 1 1/4 inches long
larvae may
defoliate plants
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BLISTER BEETLES,Epicautaand others
Description Picture Damage
all adults are long
and slender with
distinct body divisions
may be black, grayor striped
larvae are not
damaging to
vegetables
adults feed on
the foliage of
host plants
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CABBAGE LOOPER, Trichopulsia ni
Description Picture Damage
moths light grayish-brown
moths with a small, lighter colored
spot near the center of each
forewing
moths have a wingspread ofabout 1 1/2 inches
light-green caterpillars with a
few white or pale yellow stripes
larvae travel with a
characteristic looping motion
voracious feeders, which
can strip foliage from
infested plants in a short
time
a virus often affectsindividuals especially in
high population
GRASSHOPPERS, several species
Description Picture Damage
many species feed on
crops
highly variable in size
and color
long straight wings
lay tent-like over the
back
most grasshoppers
overwinter in the egg
stage
nymphs common
early in the year
may be attracted to
gardens during dry
weather
nymphs have short
wing pads
foliage is eaten
may completelystrip foliage
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CORN EARWORM,Heliothis zea
(Also know as bollworm and tomato fruitworm)
Description Picture Damage
front wings which are a light
grayish-brown, marked with
dark-gray to olive-green irregular
lines
fore wings haves a darker
band near the tip
hind wings are light in color
with slightly wavy dark bands,
especially near the extremities 1 1/2-inch wing expanse
larvae vary from light green or
pink to brown or nearly black
alternating longitudinal darkand lgiht stripes mark its body
larvae vary from light green or
pink to brown or nearly black
coloration is so variable that it
is not dependable for
identification
short microspines (visible
through a hand lens) on the skin
feeding habits are useful
identifying characteristics
newly hatched larvae
begin feeding on the plant
where eggs were laid on
corn silk
larvae burrow into and eat
the developing grains
may feed in whorls of
young corn plants, but
usually is not an economicthreat there
larvae are cannibalistic
and usually only one larva
grows in each ear
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DIAMONDBACK MOTH,Plutella xylostella
Description Picture Damage
adults are grayish
moths, about 1/3 inch
long
males have the
wings with a row of
three diamond-shaped
yellow spots where
they meet down the
middle of the back
folded wings flare
outward and upwardtoward their tips
hind wings have afringe of long hairs
larvae, which rarely
exceed 1/3 inch, are
pale yellowish-green
with fine, scattered,
erect black hairs over
the body
they wiggle actively
when disturbed
pupa is in a gauzy
sack so thin and
loosely spun that it
hardly conceals the
pupa about 3/8 inch
long
larvae feed
on the
underside of
leaves, leaving
shothole type
damage
usually, outerleaves are
attacked
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FALL ARMYWORM, Spodoptera frugiperda
Description Picture Damage
adult moths are about 3/4 inch
long and 1 1/2 inches
across outspread wings
male forewings are gray and
have irregular white spot near the
tip
female forewings usually are
duller than those of the male
hind wings of both sexes havea pinkish-white luster, bordered
by a smoky-brown band
newly hatched larva has a jet-
black head and light body,
turning darker when about 3 days
old
fully grown larva is 1 1/3
inches and varies from light-
green to almost black
front of head is marked with a
prominent inverted Y, but this
character is not always reliable
identification
larvae have three yellowish-
white lines down the back from
head to tail
on each side next to each outer
dorsal line is a wider dark stripe
below which is an equally wide,
wavy, yellow stripe, splotched
with red
Photo credit: W. L. Sterling, Department ofEntomology, Texas A&M University
tiny larva begins
feeding on its egg shell
immediately after
hatching, but
soon attacks plants
near the soil surface
larvae grow rapidly
and within 2 or 3 days
begin devouring plants frequently doconsiderable damage to
corn ears, similar to that
caused by corn
earworms
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FLEA BEETLES
tobacco fleabeetle,Epitrix hirtipennis
eggplant fleabeetle,E. fusculaCrotch,
potato fleabeetle,E. cucumerisand other species
Description Picture Damage
adults are
approximately 1/16
inch long
some are entirelyblack, others brown-
black with faint,
lighter markings
larvae are small,slender and white
with a black band and
3 pairs of legs
plant foliage
has numerous,
very small,
rounded or
irregular holes
holes eatenthrough or into
the leaf leaves look
like they were
peppered with
fine shot
leaves may
wilt and turn
brown
may kill or
stunt the plant
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GARDEN WEBWORM,Achyra rantalis
Description Picture Damage
buff moths with
shadings and
irregular markings of
light and dark gray
wingspread isabout 3/4 inch
generally, night
active
attracted to lights
often found in
fields during the day,with darting short
flights
larvae about 1 inchlong
yellowish or pale
to dark greenish with
a light stripe down
the back
three dark spotsform a triangle on the
side of each segment
larvae feed
primarily on the
underside of leaves
skeletonizing
leaves
spin webs and
draw leaves within
the web for food
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CABBAGEWORM,Pieris rapae
Description Picture Damage
white butterflies
which have a few
black spots on the
front wings and black
to gray wing tips
hind wings have asingle spot at the front
edge
travel like typical
caterpillars without a
looping motion
larvae are dark-
green caterpillars up
to 2 inches long
attack is
similar to and
easily confused
with the cabbage
looper
relatedspecies,
including the
great southernwhite, may also
be pests
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PEPPER WEEVIL,Anthonomus eugenii
Description Picture Damage
adults are black
weevils with a sparse
covering of tan-to-gray
hairs
about 1/8 inch long
larvae are white
grubs with brown
heads
tunnels
damage the
seeds area of
pepper pods
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PICKLEWORM,Diaphania nitidalis
Description Picture Damage
moths have dark-
brown wing margins
merging into lighter
areas toward the
center, with the
abdomen tip tufted
with hairs
larvae -- bright
green and black-dotted do not exceed 3/4
inch long
larvae feed
on blossoms
and vines and
mine into the
underside of
fruits
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SALTMARSH CATERPILLAR,Estigmene acrea
Description Picture Damage
adults are white moths
with wings freckled with
black spots
in females, wings areyellow on the underside
males have hind wings,
yellow above and below
full grown, larvae are up to
2 inches long covered with dense hairs
ranging from yellowish to
brown and nearly black
larvae are present in large
numbers and migrate
similar to armyworms
strip foliage from plants
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SERPENTINE LEAFMINER,Liriomyza brassicaeand others
Description Picture Damage
adults are small
flies which are 1/8
inch long
yellow and blackthorax and a black
head
adults fly quickly
for short distances
when disturbed
maggot is 1/8inch long white,
legless and wedge-
shaped
pupae are light
brown, oval and
ringed with ridges
maggots eat leaf
tissue between the
upper and lower
surfaces
leave slender,
white winding
trails through the
leaf's interior
leaves,
especially peppers,are weakened
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SQUASH VINE BORER,Melittia satyriniformis
and related species
Description Picture Damage
adult moth is
one of the "clear
wing" types
because the hind
wings lack scales
a 1 1/2-inch
wing expanse
metallic green-
black colors
hind wings
fringed with black
and orange hairs
and similar colors
on the abdomen
moths are day
fliers
larvae are white,
heavy-bodied and
over 1 inch longwhen full grown
larvae bore into
vines
appear more likea grub than a
caterpillar
infested vines
may be totally
destroyed much variationexists in the
susceptibility of
squash and
pumpkin varieties
hubbard squash ishighly susceptible
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TOBACCO HORNWORM,Manduca sextaand the TOMATO HORNWORM,M.
quinquemaculata
Description Picture Damage
adults are large,
fast-flying hawk moths
sometimes mistaken
for hummingbirds,
with a 5-inch
winspread
large larvae are
similar with seven
diagonal light stripes
on the tobaccohornworm
eight curved stripeson the tomato
hornworm
larvae feed
voraciously on
tomato and
pepper foliage
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TOMATO PINWORM,Keiferia lycopersicella
Description Picture Damage
adults are gray
moths 1/4 inch
long
larvae are light
orange at first
become purplish
black with
maturity and
larve up to 1/4
inch
larval feeding is
similar to leafminer
damage to plants
larvae later
invade stems and
fruits
invaded fruit are
useless for canning
purposes
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SUCKING INSECTS
INSECTS AND MITES THAT SUCK THE JUICES FROM FOLIAGE, FRUITS, STEMS AND ROOTS,
CAUSING DISCOLORATION, STUNTING DEFORMED FRUIT AND OTHER DAMAGE
TWOSPOTTED MITE, Tetranychus urticae,
also Tetranychus mariana, Oligonychusspp. and others
Description Picture Damage
twospotted mite is green
with a dark spot on each
side
other mites are carmine
red nymphs resemble adults
and may be yellowish
about 1/60 of an inch orless
usually webbing is
present
often on the underside of
the leaves
mites pierce leaves and
suck plant sap plants lose color and
fade grom green to yellow
may appear reddish in
later stages
"bronzeing" of the leaf
is characteristic
APHIDS
Description Picture Damage
small, sluggish, soft-bodiedinsects
often called plant lice
winged and wingless forms ofadults
immatures are smaller and
wingless most species give birth to livingyoung and build up very rapidly
several species
attack various crops
sucking plant sap
causing stunting,
and leaf curling
leaving honeydewdeposits
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GABBAGE APHIDS
Description Picture Damage
small, sluggish, soft-
bodied insects
often called plant lice
winged and wingless
forms of adults
immatures are smaller and
wingless
most species give birth toliving young and build up
very rapidly
several species
attack various
crops
sucking plant
sap
causing
stunting, and leaf
curling
leavinghoneydew
deposits
LEAFFOOTED BUGS,Leptoglossusspp.
Description Picture Damage
large bugs about
3/4 inch long
generally gray-colored with a white
line across the back
hind legs
expanded with
jagged edges
all stages may be
present together
sometimes
typical sucking
insect damage tomatoes may be
pockmarked or
misshapen
beans and peas
may be discolored
or taste bad
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LEAFHOPPERS
GARDEN LEAFHOPPER or BEAN LEAFHOPPER,Empoasca solana
ASTER LEAFHOPPER,Macrosteles fascifrons
POTATO LEAFHOPPER,Empoasca fabaePOTATO LEAFHOPPER,Empoasca abrupta
BEET LEAFHOPPER, Circulifer tenellus
Description Picture Damage
typically green
or pale green
may be brown or
even brightly
colored
aster leafhopperis brownish gray
with 6 spots on the
head
wedge shaped
adults and
immatures
1/6 to 1/4 inch
long
feeding causes
curled leaves,
stunted growth, or
dwarfing of plants aster leafhopper
transmits aster
yellows disease
beet leafhopper
may transmit curly
top disease
FLOWER THRIPS,Frankliniella occidentalisand ONION THRIPS, Thrips tabaci
Description Picture Damage
slender, spindle-shaped
insects
adults are unusually
under 1/16 inch long
usually very active
four slender wings are
fringed with hairs
larvae resemble adults
without wings
feed on plant tissue
rasp leaf surfaces and
suck juices
heavily damaged plants
appear silvery or gray
plants may be distorted
especially seedlings
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SHARPSHOOTERS,Homalodiscaspp.
and Oncopmetopiaspp.
Description Picture Damage
large 1/4 inch
leafhoppers
blue, yellow andwhite patches on the
wings
very active
circle plant stemsto avoid humans
very capable and
direct fliers
a wide variety
of plants are
attacked
suck plant
juices
seldom
abundant enough
to cause damage
migrate freely
into gardens
SWEETPOTATO WHITEFLY,Bemisia tabaci
and GREENHOUSE WHITEFLY, Trialeuroides vaporariorum
Description Picture Damage
adults - about 1/16 inch in
length
four wings along dorsal partof the body
covered with white waxy
powder
nymphs - light green, oval,flattened and about the size of a
pinhead
attached to leaf surfaces until
they mature
last instar more elevated and
slightly segmented
feed by suckingplant juices
heavy feedingcauses mottled leaves
may cause
yellowing or death
excreted honeydew
may conver lower
leaves
black sooty mold
may grow on
honeydew
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SQUASH BUG,Anasa tristis
Description Picture Damage
adults are brownish
gray to dark gray bugs
about 5/8 inch long
nymphs have a
green abdomen with
crimson head, thorax,
legs and antennae
later become
grayish-white with
nearly black legs and
antennae well camouflaged
attacked plant
stems often are
enlarged but later
wither and die
can become
numerous on
squash and
pumpkins
STINK BUGS
Green Stink Bug,Nezara viridula
Description Picture Damage
large bugs up to 3/4inch long
generally green or
brown in color
sucking mouthparts
appear to be five
sided
wings of adults
overlap
typical sucking insect
damage
tomatoes may be
pockmarked or misshapen
beans and peas may bediscolored or taste bad
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GRANULATE CUTWORM,Feltia subterranea
Description Picture Damage
larvae have a rough skin with
many bluntly conical granules of
varying sizes
brownish with darker granules
cutworms cut plants at, or
slightly below, the ground
level
feed on roots and
underground stems
may be difficult to control
because they remain in the
soil
attacks and damages
many different vegetables
MOLE CRICKETS
Description Picture Damage
mole crickets are
about 1 1/2 inches
long
golden to
chocolate brown
and covered with
fine velvety hairs strong, heavily
sclerotized front
legs are adapted for
digging
make small
winding borrows of
loosened soil on the
surface
almost all
vegetable crops may
be damaged by these
pests
feed at or slightly
below the soil
surface on roots,tubers and stems
also attack
strawberries and
other fruit which
contacts the soil
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PILLBUGS AND SOWBUGS, several species
Description Picture Damage
not insects but
crustaceans
size about 3/8 to
3/4 inch longwhen full grown
seven pair of
legs, prominent
antennae and two
tail-like
appendages
some are
capable of rolling
up into a ball
sowbugs and
pillbugs are mainly
nuisance pests
occasionallydamage roots,
seedlings, foliage
and fruit which
contact the soil
seldom damaging
under field
conditions
can cause severedamage in
greenhouses
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CORN ROOTWORM,Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi
Description Picture Damage
also called the
spotted cucumber
beetle
adult is about
1/4 inch long,
greenish yellow
with 12 black spots
on its back
adults have ablack head and
relatively long
dark antennae
larvae are long
and slender and are
about 1/2 inch long
when full grown
white to
yellowish, with a
distinct brown
head
brown patch on
top of the last
abdominal
segment
known to feed on
more than 200
different plant
species including
many crops
adults are general
foliage feeders
often occur in
large numbers damage appears
as irregular holes in
leaves, and
damaged growing
tips
may cause
considerable leaf
damage
occasionally
seedlings aregirdled at or near
ground level
larvae feed on
plant roots and bore
into germinating
seed
may infest large
roots and
underground stems
larval damage
wilts and stuntsplants or stand loss
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SWEETPOTATO WEEVIL, Cylas formicarius elegantulus
Description Picture Damage
adults are about 1/4
inch long and ant-like
in appearance
head, snout andwings are a dark
metallic blue and
thorax and legs are
bright red-orange
larvae are legless
grubs almost 1/2 inch
long when full grown
white with brownheads
larvae tunnel
through tubers,
causing
discoloration
impart a bitter
taste to the tuber
infested sweet
potatoes are unfit
for human
consumption
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WHITE GRUBS,Pyllophagaspp.
Description Picture Damage
adults are May or
June beetles
robust
range in size
from 1/2 to 1 inch
in length
vary from lightbrown to almost
black
larvae are white
with brown heads
C-shaped with
three pair of legs
hind part of body
appears dark
because soil shows
through the body
nearly 100
species may
damage vegetables
grubs feed on
roots and other
underground plant
parts
many vegetables
may be attacked
most severeinfestations occur
on crops following
grass
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WIREWORMS, several species
Description Picture Damage
damaging species
generally are 1/4 to
1/2 inches long
cylindrical and
elongate in shape
smooth, shiny andhard-bodied
color varies from
yellow andbrownish
larvae of click
beetles
may cause severe
damage to
vegetables
bore into large
roots, stems and
tubers
yield and quality
may be reduced
wirewormsattack virtually
every vegetable
crop damage to
planted seeds and
roots
may result in
poor stands or
complete loss
crop rotation
may help control
them