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An experiment in deliberative
land-use planning
Hoi KongFaculty of Law
McGill University
Nik LukaSchools of Architecture and Urban Planning
McGill University
Research funding provided by Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
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The IssueCitizens are excluded from
meaningful participation in planning processes.
Constraints of time, resources and capacity.
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Why Is Exclusion a Problem?
Issues of Legitimacy
Issues of Accountability
Issues of Effectiveness
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What Are Some Challenges?
Closing the Expert-Layperson Gap
Finding Institutions to Mediate Between Citizens and the State
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Place-based action-research for engendering meaningful
deliberation on local planning matters
KONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
Design development should be analogous to the classical
designer-client relationship (which often entails a Socratic
debate involving only one ‘citizen-user’—i.e., the ‘client’),
scaled up… BUT HOW ?!
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Place-based action-research for engendering meaningful
deliberation on local planning matters
Linking POLITIES to MUNICIPAL AUTHORITIES
through CIVIL SOCIETY … via the UNIVERSITY
KONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
LOCAL GOVERNMEN
T CIVIL SOCIETY
UNIVERSITYxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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Earlier pilot projects undertaken in Montréal
1. Green, active, healthy neighbourhoods2. Rethinking Saint-Viateur 3. Bâtiment 7 « à nous »
KONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
EXPERIMENTAL PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES USING NEW DIGITAL MEDIA
…FROM THE NEIGHBOURHOOD TO THE BUILDING SITE
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Issues (language, access, digital divide…)
Balancing the ‘live’ and the ‘virtual’
Finding ‘comfort zones’Capacity of polities to
engage in complex decision-making
KONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
Digitally-Mediated Community-Based Design: LINKING UNIVERSITIES AND CIVIL SOCIETY
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Digitally-Mediated Community-Based Design: PROCESS AND EXAMPLES (Rethinking Saint-Viateur)
1. Online Questionnaire2. Workshop with key community stakeholders
3. Design development (architecture & planning students)
4. Vetting of preliminary scenarios (neighbourhood kiosk and online forum)
5. Final recommendations for interventionKONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
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phase 1
UNDERSTANDthe study area—its problems and possibilities
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING + DESIGN PROCESS
portrait of the study area
KONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
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> Portrait de quartier
phase 2
EXPLORE planning and design strategies
phase 1
UNDERSTANDthe study area—its problems and possibilities
>
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING + DESIGN PROCESS
portrait of the study area
vision, priorities, and potential interventions KONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
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KONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
> Vision de quartier> Priorités d’interventions > Solutions d’aménagement
> Portrait de quartier
phase 2
EXPLORE planning and design strategies
phase 3
CO-PRODUCEthe future of the study area
phase 1
UNDERSTANDthe study area—its problems and possibilities
> >>>
PARTICIPATORY PLANNING + DESIGN PROCESS
portrait of the study area
vision, priorities, and potential interventions
vetting of options, plan production, regulatory reform
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Digitally-Mediated Community-Based Design: BELLECHASSE PROJECT STRATEGY (2013-15)
1. Online Questionnaire2. Community visioning workshops
3. Design development (architecture & planning students)
4. Vetting of preliminary scenarios (neighbourhood kiosk,
communuity workshops, and online forum)5. Design development (architecture & planning
students)6. Critical review with municipal officials
7. Recommendations for regulatory reform
KONG + LUKA :: PLPR7 :: PORTLAND :: 13.02.2013
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ConclusionsHow to Integrate Into Legal Processes?
Ad Hoc: Affleck de la Riva Example (Square des Frères-Charron)
Reworking Existing Procedures: Replacing the Referendum + Reason-Giving