Thank You to my Committee Members
• Dr. Melinda Noonan, RN, DNP, NEA-BC (Chair)
• Dr. Tricia Johnson, PhD
• Dr. Steven Rothschild, MD
• Additional Support
• Rush Center for Interprofessionalism (RCI) Steering Committee
2
Background / Introduction
• Interprofessional Education
• “When students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes.” – WHO, 2010
1972-IOM-Educating for
the Health Team
1999-IOM-To Err Is Human
2008-Berwick-The Triple Aim
2010-WHO-Framework for IPE/IPCP
2001-IOM-Crossing the
Quality Chasm
• Interprofessional Collaborative Practice
• “When multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, care(givers), and communities to deliver the highest quality of care.” – WHO, 2010
2013-RCI Convenes
2014-IP Incorporated in Rush
Strategic Themes
3
2003-IOM-Health Professions Education:
A Bridge to Quality
2011-IOM-The Future of Nursing: Leading Change,
Advancing Health
Research Question
• In what ways are healthcare programs aligned with the WHO Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice?
4
IPCP
Conceptual Model
IPE Present &
Future
Health
Workforce
Collaborative
Practice-Ready
Health
Workforce
5 (WHO, 2010)
Optimal
Health
Services
IPCP
Institutional Support
Mechanisms
Working Culture
Mechanisms
Environmental Mechanisms
Conceptual Model
IPE
Educator Mechanisms
Curricular Mechanisms
Present &
Future
Health
Workforce
Collaborative
Practice-Ready
Health
Workforce
6 (WHO, 2010)
Optimal
Health
Services
Methods • Surveys
• IPE – 16 items
• IPCP – 26 items
• Descriptive Statistics
• Multiple Choice
• 4-Point Likert Scale
• Strongly Disagree
• Disagree
• Agree
• Strongly Agree
• Sample
• IPE – ASAHP – 68 respondents
• IPCP – UHC – 40 respondents 7
IP Education – Demographics Athletic Training
2% Clinical Nutrition
9%
Health Administration 9%
Medical Lab Sciences 11%
Medicine 2%
Nursing 7%
OT 14%
PA 4%
PT 23%
Public Health 5%
SLP 14%
9
IPE
Educator Mechanisms
Curricular Mechanisms
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
LeadershipCommitment
(n=66)
SupportivePolicies (n=66)
Champion -Leading (n=67)
LearningOutcomes (n=66)
Staff IPE Training(n=66)
Funding (n=61)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree
10
IP Education – Educator
IPE
Educator Mechanisms
Curricular Mechanisms
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Adult Learning (n=61) IP CommunicationAssessment (n=59)
Equal Incentives (n=53) Universal Schedule (n=61)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree
11
IP Education – Curricular
IPE
Educator Mechanisms
Curricular Mechanisms
IP Education – Curricular
0.0%
20.0%
40.0%
60.0%
80.0%
InteractiveWorkshop(s)
Sim LabExercise(s)
RequiredCoursework
ElectiveCoursework
None Other
(n=65)
Offers Requires
12
IPE
Educator Mechanisms
Curricular Mechanisms
IP Practice – Demographics
Yes 92%
No 8%
Member of the Acute Care Leadership Team (n=39)
13
CEO, 3
CMO, 11
CNO, 9
COO, 7
CQO / CSO, 6
Other, 4
Position (n=40)
IPCP
Inst. Support
Working Culture
Environ-mental
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Senior LeaderRole Models
(n=34)
IP Teams atDept. Level
(n=33)
Unit LevelPartnerships
(n=32)
LearningOpportunities
(n=39)
IP Valued inCompensation
Philosophy(n=32)
Equality inTeam Leads
(n=31)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree14
IP Practice – Institutional Support
IPCP
Inst. Support
Working Culture
Environ-mental
IP Practice – Staff Development
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Joint Training - Medical/ Nursing Residents
(n=31)
Evaluation -Cooperation (n=31)
Evaluation - Impact &Effectiveness (n=32)
Allocates Time for StaffIP Participation (n=31)
Yes - Hospital-Wide Yes - Specific Specialties Only No15
IPCP
Inst. Support
Working Culture
Environ-mental
IP Practice – Communication Processes
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
IP Plans of Care (n=39) IP Rounds (n=40) IP Daily Huddles (n=39) EMR IP Documentation(n=39)
Yes - hospital-wide Yes - specific specialties only No16
IPCP
Inst. Support
Working Culture
Environ-mental
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Culture EnablingQuick Change
(n=40)
Staff Trained forConflict Resolution
(n=40)
Climate of Trust(n=40)
Equality inDecision Making
on IP Teams(n=39)
StaffEmpowerment to
Halt UnsafeProcess (n=38)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree17
IP Practice – Working Culture
IPCP
Inst. Support
Working Culture
Environ-mental
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Care Team Input (n=37) Patient Input (n=36) Designated Space for IPCollaboration (n=37)
Daily Patient, Nurse,and Physician
Collaboration (n=37)
% Agreeable % Disagree % Strongly Disagree18
IP Practice – Environment
IPCP
Inst. Support
Working Culture
Environ-mental
Challenges
Sample
Identifying Organization
Representative (ASAHP)
Limited Live Survey Time
(UHC)
Number of Respondents
Not Representative
of Front Line Staff
19
Challenges
Implications
20
Ensure IP Efforts are Operationalized
Expansion of Current IP
Management Front Line and Mid-Level IP Perspectives
Bridging IPE and IPCP
Future Studies
References
• Berwick, DM; Nolan, TW; Whittington, J. (2008). The triple aim: care, health, and cost. Health Affairs. Retrieved October 7, 2014 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18474969
• Institute of Medicine. (1972). Educating for the health team. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.
• Institute of Medicine. (2000). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
• Institute of Medicine. (2001). Crossing the quality chasm. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
• Institute of Medicine (2003). Health Professions Education: A Bridge to Quality. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
• Institute of Medicine (2011). The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
• Speakman E, Arenson C (2015). Going Back to the Future: What is All Buzz About Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice? Nurse Educator.
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2010). Framework for action on interprofessional education & collaborative practice. Geneva: World Health Organization. Retrieved September 1, 2014 from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2010/WHO_HRH_HPN_10.3_eng.pdf
• Back to the future
22