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An integrated approach to arsenic mitigation
in Bangladesh Shoichi Kunikane
National Institute of Public Health Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare
Japan
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“Integrated Approach for Mitigation of Arsenic Contamination of
Drinking Water in Bangladesh”Implemented by:Asia Arsenic Network(AAN)
Supported by:Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA)
For the period of:2002-2004
With the target area of:Sharsha Upazila, Jessore District, Bangladesh
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Objectives of the project
1. To identify the dimensions arsenic contamination in terms of contaminated tubewells and arsenocosis patients
2. To create awareness among people on the risks of arsenic
3. To secure and supply safe water4. To build up capacity of local government
institutions and among community people for management of arsenic problem
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• Surveillance of groundwater arsenic contamination
• Community awareness raising
• Community organization• Provision of alternative
drinking water supply with maintenance training
• Water quality testing• Health care of patients
Main approachesGroundwater arsenic contamination in Sharsha Upazila
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Options of alternative drinking water supply
Community water supply alternatives with filtration and chlorination, if necessary- Modified dugwell filter(40)- Pond sand filter(13)- Deep tubewell(9)- Piped water supply system(1)
• Household water purifier(AAN filter)(99)• Rainwater harvesting(33)
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Modified Dugwell Filter
Type As in raw water (mg/l) Capacity Construction cost
Type A 0 - <0.05<0.05 - 0.20
40 households 45,000 TakaType B 40 households 60,000 Taka
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Pond Sand Filter(PSF)
Type Capacity Cost ofPSF construction
Cost ofpond re-excavation
Large 150 households 100,000 Taka 30,000 Taka
Medium 100 households 70,000 Taka 30,000 TakaSmall 80 households 50,000 Taka 25,000 Taka
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Deep Tubewell
• Sealing by cement in clay layer
• Using a local technology
Type Depth(ft) Construction cost
DTW with sealing 510 42,000 Taka
DTW without sealing ; 29,000Taka(510 ft)
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Pipeline Water Supply System• Surface water(Baor) as a source• Filtration by a Ecological Filter• Technology developed through the
experience of dugwell and PSF filters• Supplying water to 300 households
Construction cost: 1,400,000 Taka
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Features of options
Environment-friendlyAvailable technologyDependableDurableCost-effectiveUser-friendly
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Roles and activities of Users Committee
Community Roles of Users Committee
Formation of a Users Committee
Construction of a safe water option
Operation & maintenance
Meeting arrangement
Bank account opening
Users’ share collection
Construction management
Account keeping
Option management
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Consequences
1. Residents themselves collect water charges.
2. They operate and maintain their safe water supply systems.
3. They are in charge of keeping safe water quality through monitoring it by themselves or through having it tested at a laboratory.
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Achievements
Development of 63 safe and sustainable community drinking water supply systemsImprovement of community awarenessImprovement of patients’ health conditions
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Improvement in arsenocosis(312 patients)
Melanosis 49.7%
Hyperkeratosis 39.1%
Leukomelanosis 28.5%
Four patients died – One, liver cancer; one, bladder cancer; two, other diseases but arsenocosis may have been a predisposing factor in these cases.
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Subjects to be pursuedin the future
Technology developmentCommunity participationInvolvement of central and local government institutions
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Acknowledgement
The presenter is very much grateful to Asia Arsenic Network(AAN) for offering information on its activities in an arsenic mitigation project in Bangladesh.
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Thank you for your kind attention!