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PROPERTIES OF AMMONIAUSES OF AMMONIA
MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIA
Ammonia and Its Salts
Proudly done by :
Hisyam See & Fadhlie
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Group Members
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Prepared by : Hisyam See
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To manufacture nitrogenousfertiliser needed for plant
growth.
As raw material for themanufacture of nitric acid.
Ammonia is used to make
nitric acid through
Ostwald process.
Uses of Ammonia
The nitrogenous fertilisers
are actually ammonium
salts obtained from
neutralisation of ammonia
with different acids.
These fertilisers include :
(a)Ammonium phosphate(b)Ammonium nitrate
(c)Ammonium sulphate
(d)Urea
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Prepared by : Mohd Fadhlie Hafiz
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Ammonia?
is alkaline is a colourless gashas a pungent
smell
is less dense thanair
burns in oxygengas, O2 but not in
the air
is very soluble inwater
gives a white funewhen reacted withhydrogen chloride
gas, HCl.
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Properties of Ammonia
2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)
Ammonia neutralises sulphuric acidto form ammonium sulphate.
NH3(g) + HCl(g) NH2Cl(s)
Ammonia gas reacts with hydrogen chloride gas to formdense white fumes of ammonium chloride. This is used as atest for detecting ammonia gas.
Ammonia is very soluble in water, but it ionises partially in water to form a weak alkali.
Ammonia being alkaline can undergo neutralisation with acids to form ammonium salts.
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Prepared by : Hisyam See
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How was the Ammonia being manufacturedthrough
Haber Process.
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Haber Process
Was invented in1918 by a Noble
Prize winner, Fritz
Haber (1868-1934).
This reaction makes
ammonia out of
hydrogen and
nitrogen. The nitrogen comes
from the air (78% N).
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The Haber Process
The Haber process is a reversible reaction.
A reversible reaction is one where the products ofthe reaction can themselves react to produce theoriginal reactants.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ---> 2NH3(g)Heat of reaction = -92 kJ mo1-1
The conditions below are needed in
manufacturing Ammonia.Temperature : 450CPressure : 200 atm
Catalyst : Iron
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Haber Process Manufacture of Ammonia
Figure above shows the manufacture of ammonia, NH3through the Haber Process
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Air Nitrogen Hydrogen Natural Gas
The mixture is compressed to about 200 atm andheated to about 450C.
The mixture of Nitrogen and Hydrogen is passed
over a catalyst which is Iron. Some ammonia isformed.
About 10% of the mixture of gases leaving thecatalyst chamber is ammonia. When the mixtureis cooled, the ammonia turns into a liquid.
The unreactedNitrogen andHydrogen are
recycled.
Liquid Ammonia !
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Key facts
1. H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio2. Because the reaction is reversible not all the nitrogen and
hydrogen will convert to ammonia.3. The ammonia forms as a gas but cools and liquefies in the
condenser4. The H and N which do not react are passed through the
system again so they are not wasted.
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