America’s HistoryFifth Edition
Chapter 25: The New Deal,1933–1939
Copyright © 2004 by Bedford/St. Martin’s
Henretta • Brody • Dumenil • Ware
Section I: The New Deal Takes Over,1933–1935
The Roosevelt Style of LeadershipThe Hundred Days
The New Deal under Attack
The Roosevelt Style of Leadership
• Roosevelt v. Hoover
• What was the New Deal?
• Roosevelt made a connection with the people.– Fireside chats
• Expanded the role of the presidency
• The Brain Trust
The Hundred Days: The Emergency Banking Act
• What was the Hundred Days?
• Banking Crisis– Bank Holiday
• Emergency Banking Act
• Glass-Steagall Act
The Hundred Days
• The Civilian Conservation Corps
• Tennessee Valley Authority
• Legalized Beer• Agricultural
Adjustment Act
The Hundred Days• The National
Recovery Administration
• Unemployment Legislation– Federal emergency
Relief Administration (FERA)
– Public Works Administration (PWA)
– Civil Works Administration (CWA)
The Hundred Days
• Early relief measures were deliberately inflationary
• Abandoning the International Gold Standard
• June 1933– Alphabet Soup Agencies
• After the Hundred Days– Securities Exchange Commission:
• The Banking Act of 1935
The New Deal under Attack
• To the wealthy– Liberty League
• Black Monday– Schechter v. U.S
• Francis Townsend– Old Age Revolving
Pension Plan
• Father Charles Coughlin
The Second New Deal, 1935–1938• Legislative Accomplishments• The 1936 Election• Stalemate
Legislative Accomplishments
• The three r’s• The Second New Deal• Wagner Act• Social Security Act• Works Progress Administration
Legislative Accomplishments
• Revenue Act (1935)• Election of 1936• Supreme Court Fight
– Background– Plan– Criticisms– Outcome– Aftermath
The Second New Deal
• Other Reform acts• Lasting reorganization of the
executive office• Roosevelt Recession• Purge the Democratic party?
Section III: The New Deal’s Impact on Society
New Deal Constituencies and the Broker State
The New Deal and the LandThe New Deal and the Arts
The Legacies of the New Deal
New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State
• A larger federal bureaucracy• Government operated as a broker
state
New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Organized Labor
• Labor’s growth• Why did labor
organized labor grow?• Why did labor
organized labor grow?• What were labor’s
causes?• Congress of Industrial
Organization (CIO)– John Lewis– Industrial unionism
New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Organized Labor• 2 victories for the CIO
– UAW at General Motors– U.S. Steel Corporation
• 1930s = one of the most active labor periods of solidarity in American history
• CIO allied itself with the Democratic Party
• Labor movement in American life
Sit-down strike scenes, both inside and outside the factory
New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Women and the New Deal• Women in FDR’s
administration• Eleanor Roosevelt• Flaws of the New
Deal
New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: Blacks and the New Deal• Some New Deal
programs reflected prevailing racist attitudes
• Received significant benefits because they were poor– Resettlement
Administration
• Mary McLeod Bethune
• Changes in voting patterns
New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: The Politicalization of Mexican Americans
• Mexican Americans began to identify more with the US rather than Mexico
• Democrats welcome Mexican-American participation
New Deal Constituencies & the Broker State: The Indian Reorganization Act• Background
• Intent of the Indian Reorganization Act
• Flaws of the Indian Reorganization Act
The New Deal & the Land
• Conservationism• Tennessee Valley
Authority• Soil Conservation
Service in the Department of Agriculture
• Rural Electrification Administration
• Other environmental projects
• ND was ahead of its time
The New Deal and the Arts
• Federal One• Federal Art Project• Federal Music
Project• Federal Writer’s
Project• Federal Theater
Project– red-baiting
The New Deal and the Arts
• Documentary impulse
• The March of Time newsreels
• Resettlement Administration’s historical section
The Legacies of the New Deal
• Federal government became a part of everyday life
• Gov’t made a commitment to intervene• US turns to becoming a welfare state• Shortcomings of the ND• Europe moves towards war• Japan seizes territory in the Far East• Roosevelt put domestic reform on the
back burner & focused on international relations.
Chapter 25:The New Deal(1933–1939)
• Map 25.1 Public Works in the New Deal: The PWA in Action, 1933–1939 (p. 730)• Map 25.2 Popular Protest in the Great Depression, 1933–1939 (p. 734)• Map 25.3 Eleanor Roosevelt’s Travels, 1936–1937 (p. 738)• Map 25.4 The Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933–1952 (p. 741)• “One Third of a Nation” (p. 720)• See America (p. 729)• Organize (p. 733)• “The Promise of the New Deal” (p. 743)• The Human Face of the Great Depression (p. 745)
Map 25.1 Public Works in the New Deal: The PWA in Action, 1933–1939 (p. 730)
Map 25.2 Popular Protest in the Great Depression, 1933–1939 (p. 734)
Map 25.3 Eleanor Roosevelt’s Travels, 1936–1937 (p. 738)
Map 25.4 The Tennessee Valley Authority, 1933–1952 (p. 741)
“One Third of a Nation” (p. 720)
See America (p. 729)
Organize (p. 733)
“The Promise of the New Deal” (p. 743)
The Human Face of the Great Depression (p. 745)