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Alternative and
Complementary Medicine
Dr Monem Alshok
13\ 4 \ 2017
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Probiotics
1 . Lactobacillus sp.
•reuteri
•casei
•ramnosus
•acidophilus
2 . Streptococcus sp.
3 . Bifidobacterium sp.
•infantis
•lactis
•longum
•breve
•bifidum
4 . Sacharomyces boulardii (non-human)
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Prebiotics: Sources, Side
effects:
Sources:
breastmilk, barley, bran and whole grains, legumes, such as beans; vegetables such as leeks, onions, asparagus, greens such as chicory, spinach, fruits such as bananas, berries
Doses: 1 – 2 grams daily (adults)
Side effects: flatulence, diarrhea, allergies
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Probiotics
Colonization at birth
Similar to maternal species
Specific organisms vary by age in first year
Become established by 1 year
In children and adults, “Successful” treatment with
probiotics leads to temporary colonization only
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Probiotics: proposed
mechanisms
1 . Adherence and subsequent stimulation of gut immune system
Up-regulation of mucin gene
Enhance secretory IgA
Maintain normal macrophage function
2 . Competition for essential nutrients
3 . Production of antimicrobial factors
4 . Provide favorable environment for growth of other beneficial bacteria
5 . Production of short-chain fatty acids with anti-inflammatory properties
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Case
A 13 year old recently diagnosed with
osteogenic sarcoma says she’s having
trouble sleeping. She doesn’t want any
more meds.
Valerian ( Root of Nardin )
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Herbs
Herbs Action
African plum BPH
Fenugreek seed Sexual stimulant for female ,
increase milk and breast size
Garlic & onion IHD , lipids , platelets& protection
against GIT cancers
Pumkin oil Antiworms & BPH
Rocket oil Body tonics for men
Aloe Vera oil Topically for sunburn & psoriasis
& orally as laxative
Chamomile Dyspepsia , tension , immunity
St. John Wort Depression
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Gripe Water
Traditionally – dill extract ± bicarbonate
(Woodard’s™), ± alcohol;
Dill, fennel and caraway are
spasmolytics
Some include ginger, fennel (Baby’s
Bliss™), chamomile, cinnamon and
other herbs (Wellements™)
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Ginger for Nausea
Numerous RCTs suggest
benefits of ginger in
preventing and treating
nausea
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IBS - Peppermint
Peppermint (Mentha piperita); primary ingredient, 29% - 48% menthol
Uses: many digestive complaints, including colic, flatulence, diarrhea, dyspepsia, indigestion, nausea and vomiting
Relaxes smooth muscle and slows GI transit
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Licorice: Glycyrrhiza glabra
Contains: glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizic acid, polyphenols, and polysaccharides
TCM ulcer remedy; newer HepC?
Inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase + other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. → increased cortisol levels
Anti-inflammatory and mineralocorticoid effects (BP, edema)
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Bromelain
An enzyme derived from the stem of
pinapple plant ( Ananos Comosus) may
help reduce swelling & inflammation
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Cranberries juice
Used to acidify urine and seems to make a
more difficult for bacteria to stick to
bladder wall
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Herbs used to immune system
Black seed
Echinacea
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It’s All Connected Principles
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Physical Activity
• 1/3 of adult women are obese and 60% of women have no regular physical activity.
• Most studies suggest that active women have a 50% risk reduction in developing heart disease.
• Improves mood.
• May reduce risk of colon and breast by improving energy metabolism and reducing concentrations of insulin and related growth factors
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Mind‐Heart Connection
• Review of 37 studies found patients who received mind‐body therapies and stress management had:
• 34% reduction in cardiac mortality
• 29% reduction in recurrence of heart attack
• Significant positive effects on cholesterol, blood pressure and weight.
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“Mind‐Body” Medicine
• Belief that emotional, mental,social, spiritual, and behavioral factors affect health
• Respects and encourages individual’s capacity for self knowledge and self‐care
– Yoga or tai chi
– Relaxation therapies
– Cognitive‐behavioral therapies
– Group support
– Meditation
– Creative arts therapy
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Mind‐Body Medicine
Review by Astin, et al. Concluded that there is
considerable evidence that MBT are beneficial
for:
– Coronary artery disease
– Headaches
– Insomnia
– Chronic low back pain
– Treatment related symptoms of cancer
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Traditional Chinese Medicine
• Health is achieved by maintaining the body in a "balanced state”.
• Imbalance leads to blockage in the flow of qi.
• TCM practioners typically use herbs, acupuncture, and massage to help unblock qi in an attempt to bring the body back into harmony and wellness
TCM involves :
Proper balance of Qi (“chi”)
Acupuncture, herbal medicine,
massage, qi gong
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There are three main therapeutic modalities:
1 . Acupuncture and moxibustionIn traditional
Chinese medicine, the use of heat from burning
the herb moxa on or near the skin at an
acupuncture point. Intended to stimulate the
flow of qi and restore health. (moxibustion is
the application of heat from the burning of the
herbA plant or part of a plant used for its flavor,
scent, or potential therapeutic properties.
Includes flowers, leaves, bark, fruit, seeds,
stems, and roots. moxa at the acupuncture
point)
2 . Chinese Materia Medica is a standard
reference book of information on medicinal
substances that are used in Chinese herbal
medicine.
3 . Massage and manipulation
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Whole Medical Systems
• Whole medical systems involve complete
systems of theory and practice that have
evolved independently from or parallel to
conventional medicine.
• Many are traditional systems of medicine
that are practiced by individual cultures
throughout the world e.g. TCM
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Acupuncture
– Significantly relieves
pain
– Significantly improves
function
– Effective complement
to standard care
The use of Hair – Thin needles
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(( “Science of life”
Ayurveda
• A comprehensive system
of medicine developed in
India that places equal
emphasis on the body,
mind, and spirit, and
strives to restore innate
harmony of the individual.
• Primary treatments include
diet, exercise, meditation,
herbs, massage, and
controlled breathing.
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Homeopathy
“Like cures like”
Herbal medicine, minerals, and chemicals in
diluted forms
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Alternative Medical Systems: Complete systems of
medical theory and practice. e.g. Homeopathic
Medicine -In homeopathic medicine, there is a belief
that "like cures like," meaning that small, highly
diluted quantities of medicinal substances are given
to cure symptoms, when the same substances given
at higher or more concentrated doses would actually
cause those symptoms.
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Naturopathy
Restore health rather than cure disease
Diet, clinical nutrition, homeopathy,
acupuncture, herbal medicine, hydrotherapy,
manipulation, light therapy, therapeutic
counseling, pharmacology
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Energy medicine
Energy medicine
Biofields
Qigong
Reiki
Therapeutic touch
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Naturopathic Medicine:
Proposes that there is a healing power in the body that
establishes, maintains, and restores health.
Practitioners work with the patient with a goal of
supporting this power, through treatments such as
nutrition and lifestyle counseling, dietary
supplements, medicinal plants, and exercise
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There are six principles that form the basis of
naturopathic practice:
The healing power of nature
Identification and treatment of the cause of disease
The concept of "first do no harm"
The doctor as teacher
Treatment of the whole person
Prevention
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Meditation
Quieting the mind by focusing the attention.
Benefits include: stress relief, relaxation, reduced level of lactic acid, efficient & effective oxygen consumption, slowed heart rate, decreased blood pressure, improved functioning of the immune system.
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In CAM medicine one is not a Common
healing foods
A . Yogurt
B . Cinamon
C . Chamomale
D . Oat fiber
E . Anise
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Which of the following is NOT a
major domain of CAM practice?
A . Bariatric surgery
B . Manipulative and body-based practices
C . Mind – Body medicine
D . Biologicall based Medicine
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Naturopathy refers to:
A . Alternative medical system originated
in India
B . The principles of " likes cure likes "
C . Traditional Chinese Medicine
D . creating a process that promotes the
body's ability to heal itself
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Chiropractic treatment
often involves:
A . Energy Therapy
B . Herbs
C . Analgesic
D . Spinal Manipulation
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Herbal remedies are available in
all of the following forms
EXCEPT
A . freeze-dried extracts
B . Standardized extracts .
C . Tincture and Teas .
D . inject able solutions.
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The CAM domain that includes practices designed to
enhance the mind's capacity to affect bodily function
and to improve symptoms is
A . Biologically based practice .
B . Energy Medicine .
C . Psychoneuroimmunology .
D . mind-body medicine.
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Which form of energy medicine
focuses on channeling spiritual
energy?
A . Shiatsu .
B . Therapeutic Touch.
C . Qigong .
D . Reiki
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Acupuncture involves
A . a treatment plan based on classifying the
patient into one of three body types
B . using pressure of the fingers or hands to
ease pain and improve energy flow.
C . a system of movements and floor exercises
designed to retrain the nervous system.
D . stimulating various locations on the body by
the placement of fine needles to improve
energy flow.
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The form of energy medicine based on the therapist's
ability to identify energy imbalances and enhance healing
by improving the flow of energy is
A . acupressure..
B . tai chi. .
C . qigong..
D . Therapeutic & healing Touch
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The form of movement therapy that involves gentle movements
and exercises designed to improve coordination and flexibility by
retraining the nervous system is
A . Rieki .
B . Shiatsu. .
C . qigong..
D . the Feldenkrais Method®.
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Plant sterols, yogurt, oat fiber, sunflower oil, and
soy protein are examples of functional foods, also
known as
A . Antioxidents
B . Phytochemicals.
C .Herbals
D . Nutriceuticals
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Chiropractic medicine is a CAM
practice that
A . integrates meditative practices and
movement therapies.
B . is still considered experimental by most
Western doctors .
C . rarely qualifies for insurance
reimbursement.
D . has now been largely accepted as valid by
mainstream medicine.
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Treatments that rely on substances found in nature
(such as herbs), special diets, dietary supplements, or
functional foods are part of which CAM domain?
A . Energy Medicine
B . MBT.
C . Manipulative and body-based
practices.
D . Biologically based practices
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Which of the following is a dietary
supplement banned by the FDA due to
dangerous side effects?
A . Anise .
B . Ginkgo biloba
C . St’s John Wort .
D . Ephedra
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Naturopathy refers to
A . medical treatments based on spinal
manipulation to achieve proper
alignment.
B . an alternative medical system from
India. .
C . Principles of like cures like .
D . creating a process that promotes the
body's ability to heal itself.
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On what basis is a food classified as a
functional food or nutraceutical?
A . Must be able to be manufactured into a
dietary supplement product
B . Low calories
C . Low fat.
D . Must provide health benefits beyond
basic nutrition
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Eliminating impurities in the
body and alleviating symptoms
are the primary goals of
A . TCM.
B . Homeopathy
C . Accupuncture .
D . Ayurvedic medicine.
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Which alternative medical system
addresses imbalances of qi (vital energy)?
A . Ayurvida.
B . Chiropractic.
C . Meditation.
D . Traditional Chinese medicine
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According to Ayurvedic theory, each
person belongs to one of three body types
known as
A . Meridians.
B . Chakras.
C . Biofields .
D . Doshas
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Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
therapies focus on treating both the mind and the
whole body, which means that CAM is part of a
A . Conventional approach.
B . Psychological approach.
C . Allopathic approach .
D . holistic approach.