Download - Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
1/45
Algae Fuels : Emerging opportunities
for Indian Entrepreneurs
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
2/45
The story behind Oilgae
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
3/45
Why are we here for?
To give a overall summary about algaebiofuels
To highlight the opportunities in this sector
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
4/45
List of Contentsy Introduction
y Classification of energy
y Biofuels
y Biomass as fuel source
y Introduction to algae biofuels
y Historyy Uniqueness of algae fuels
y Technology
y Algae fuels: Growth and Investments
y Role ofIndia in algae biofuels
y Current status of algae fuels in Indiay Benefits to Emerging entrepreneurs
y Challenges and bottlenecks
y Conclusion
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
5/45
Introduction
Incremental need for alternative fuels is mainly dueto:
y
Rising crude oil prices
y Resulting impact on our environment due to fossil fuels
(e.g., global warming)
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
6/45
Classification of energy
Traditional
Non Renewable
Energy
Alternative
Oil
Gas
Coal
Renewable Energy
Solar
Wind
Hydro
Ocean
Geothermal
Biomass
ENERGY SOURCE
Gas Hydrates
Nuclear
Oil Shale
Tar Sands
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
7/45
Biofuels
Substitute forpetrodieselBiodiesel
Subsitute forgasolineEthanol
Less common types: Biobutanol Synfuel
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
8/45
Biomass as biofuel source
- Any liquid that stores energy, which is typicallyutilized by an engine or generator, can be called afuel.
- Biofuels are fuels that are derived from organicbiomass, rather than minerals
- Classified into1st , 2nd & 3rd generation biofuels
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
9/45
First generation biofuels
y Made from soybeans, palm, canola and rapeseed
Pros
Simple and well-knownproduction methods
Familiar feedstocks
Scalable to productioncapacities
Experience with commercialproduction and use inseveral countries
Cons
Feedstocks competedirectly with cropsgrown for food
Low land-useefficiency
Modest net reductionsin fossil fuel use andgreenhouse gasemissions with current
processing methods
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
10/45
Second generation biofuels
y Non-food bio-feedstocks are considered as feedstock forsecond generation biofuels (jatropha, cellulose)
Pros
Eliminates competition for food and feed
More efficient and environmentally friendly
Less farmland is required
Useful by-products
Cons
Same downfall as the first generation fuels butwithout as great of an eco imprint.
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
11/45
Third generation biofuels
y Algae are considered to belong to the third generationfeedstock.
Pros
superior yields
not directly affecting the human food chain
grown in places that are not suitable for agriculture
enhanced efficiencies or reduction in cost
ConsThe problem of course is in developing technologies that will enable
this kind of biofuel to be more cost effective to make.
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
12/45
Introduction to algae fuels
Microalgae
Contains oil Processed for biodiesel production
Macroalgae
Composed of starch and cellulose Processed for ethanol production
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
13/45
History of energy from algae
y Aquatic Species Programme, (1978 and 1996)y Mainly focused on microalgae for oil (biodiesel)
y 25 million dollar investment
y Production of algae for fuel is not economically viable
y Since 2002, there have been a number of commercial andresearch efforts in the algae energy field, and the activities havefurther accelerated starting 2008.
y While most of the efforts in the first few years focused on
biodiesel as the end-product, recently a number of efforts haverecently been initiated to explore the viability of using algae asfeedstock for other energy products.
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
14/45
Uniqueness of algae fuels
Algae fuels
Higher oil yieldLesser landrequirement
food vs. fuel
Range of products
Adaptability
WWT & CO2
capture
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
15/45
Higher oil yield
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Soybeans Sunflower Canola Jathropha Palm Oil Microalgae
Oil yields(barrels/ha-yr)
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
16/45
Lesser land requirement
y Algae is capable of producing 30 times more oilper acre than the current crops now utilized forthe production of biofuels.
y Algae could produce up to 94,000 liters of oil peracre, shrinking land requirements
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
17/45
Adaptability to a range of
environment
Grown under conditions which are unsuitable forconventional crop production
(marine water, wastewater, open ponds)
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
18/45
Solve the food versus fuel problem
y Does not compete directly with crops grown for foody Algae can make use of marine and waster water
y Some algae can be grown in desert regions
y Some algae can be grown in ocean environment
y Does not require expensive nutrients for growing
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
19/45
A wide range of fuel products
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Methane
Hydrogen
Algae
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
20/45
Integrated withWastewater
Treatment and CO2 capture
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
21/45
How to obtain fuel from algae?
y Picking up the best algae
y Growing the algae
y Harvesting
y Generating the fuel product
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
22/45
Open systems
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
23/45
Closed systems
Also referred asPhotobioreactors
Tubular PBR Flat plate PBR
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
24/45
Product generation via different
routesy Biodiesel
y Ethanol
y Hydrogeny Methane
y Electricity where algae biomass is directly usedfor combustion
y Other hydrocarbon fuel variants, such as JP-8fuel, gasoline, biobutanol etc.
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
25/45
Biodiesel from algae
Cultivation ofMicroalgae species
Harvesting ofMicroalgae
Extraction of Oil from Microalgae
Transesterification
Biodiesel
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
26/45
Ethanol from algae
Fermentation
Algae Biomass
Ethanol
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
27/45
Hydrogen from algae
Biomass
Gasification Biogas FermentationDark Fermentation
Steam Reformation
H2
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
28/45
Methane from algae
Algal Biomass
Anaerobic digestion
Methane
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
29/45
Challenges & Bottlenecks
Biological
Technical
Economical
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
30/45
Picking up an algae strain
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
31/45
Technical Challenges
y Maintenance of open pond cultivation
y Cost of closed systems
y Harvesting of microalgae
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
32/45
Economics
02468
101214
Crude oil Algae oil (openpond)
Algae oil(photobioreactor)
Cost (in$/gallon)
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
33/45
Algae fuels: Growth and Investments
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
34/45
Growth
y More than 100 companies are working on algaefuels, especially in USA and UK
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
# of companies
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
35/45
Investments
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2006 2007 2008 2009
(in million dollar)
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
36/45
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
37/45
Tremendous opportunities for Indian
entrepreneurs
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
38/45
Supports
y Government funds
y Cleantech investors
y Carbon credits and nutrient credits
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
39/45
Key players
Commercialplant
Pilot plant
ResearchInstitutes &
Organizations
>25
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
40/45
MCRC - pioneer in algae cultivation
A non-Governmental
Voluntary Research Organisation Established in 1977 The first major researchon algae technology at MCRC wason Spirulina Technology was licensed
to the sister concern, The NewAmbadi Estates (nowParry AgroIndustries Ltd.)
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
41/45
Indian oil and petroalgae
ICOL is the 18th largestpetroleum company in the world, and iscurrentlyIndias largest company bysales.
PetroAlgae has signed anMOUto license its proprietary technology forproducing and harvesting algae for fuelto Indian Oil
Announcement was onN
ov2009
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
42/45
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
43/45
ONGC and teri research
TERI, a leader in thefield of bio-remediation and hasbeen giving services to ONGC.
StatoilHydro andIndia's leading oil companyONGC have signed anMOU
Explore the potential ofAlgae-based Carbon Capture andStorage (CCS), and CDM (cleandevelopment mechanism)projects in India.
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
44/45
Other Indian companies
y Hydrolina Biotech Pvt Ltd.,
y BioMax
y Enhanced biofuels
-
8/8/2019 Algae Fuels Emerging Oppurtunities
45/45
Conclusion
Even with few challenges taken into consideration, algaebiofuel s natural advantages look to make it one of theforemost players in the clean energy market
Algae biofuel production holds future promise for developingcountries.
More jobs
Energy independence