Airport 201O’Hare Noise Compatibility Commission
January 15, 2019
– Runway Geometry
– Airport Signage, Marking and Lighting
– Imaginary Surfaces
– Navigational Aids
– Airport Diagram
– Airport Inspections
– System Example
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TOPICS
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FAA AC 150/5300-13A Airport Design
https://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.current/documentNumber/150_5300-13
– Runway Design Code is based primarily upon the characteristics of the aircraft projected to use the Airport on a regular basis
– Two elements– Aircraft Approach Category
– Airplane Design Group
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Runway Design Code
Element 1
ApproachCategory
Approach speed (kts) of:
FAA
A < 91
B < 91 - < 121
C 121 - < 141
D 141 - < 166
E 166 or greater
Element 2
ADG Wingspan (ft) Tail Height (ft)
FAA
I < 49 < 20
II 49 - < 79 20 - < 30
III 79 - < 118 30 - < 45
IV 118 - < 171 45 - < 60
V 171 - < 214 60 - < 66
VI 214 - < 262 66 - < 80
Source: Federal Aviation Administration, Advisory Circular 150/ 5300- 13A
FAA Advisory Circular 150/ 5300-13A (Feet)
A & B (vis. is > ¾ mi)
C & D
I II III IVI II III IV V VI
Runway Width 60 75 100 150 100 100100/ 150
150 150 200
– Runway Design Code is based primarily upon the characteristics of the aircraft projected to use the Airport on a regular basis
– Two elements– Aircraft Approach Category
– Airplane Design Group
– O’Hare Runways are all Group D-V except for 10C-28C and future 9C-27C which are D-VI
– D-VI = A380
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Runway Design Code
Source: Federal Aviation Administration, Advisory Circular 150/ 5300- 13A
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Runway Geometry
• No Transgression Zone (NTZ) –A 2,000 foot wide zone, located between parallel runway final approach course in which flight is not allowed
• Precision Runway Monitors (PRM) –Provide Controller with high precision secondary surveillance data for aircraft on final approach to parallel runways. High resolution monitors display maps depicting approaches and NTZ
• Localizer – A navigational aid which provides course guidance to the runway
• Simultaneous Independent Approach Procedures – Permits simultaneous approaches to two/three parallel runways without separation requirements between adjacent arrival streams
• * - 5,000’ separation for airfields below 1,000’ MSL, 4,300’ separation above 1,000’ MSL
Precision Runway Monitor System(PRM)
No Precision Runway Monitor System(PRM)
Simultaneous Independent Dual Approach
NTZ
NTZ
NTZ
Dual parallel runways with 3,000 foot separation
One localizer offset 2.5 degrees
Precision Runway Monitor System (PRM) with 1.0 second update
Dual parallel runways with 3,400 foot separation
Precision Runway Monitor System (PRM) with 2.4 second update
Dual parallel runways with 4,300 foot separation
3,000
3,400
4,300
NTZ
NTZ
NTZ
NTZ
Simultaneous Independent Triple Approach
Triple parallel runways with 4,300 foot separations
Triple parallel runways with 5,000* foot separations
5,000*
4,300
4,300
4,300
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Runway GeometryLow Capacity High Capacity
Dual Parallel Runways with 1,200 Foot Separation
Dual Parallel Runways with 2,500 Foot Separation
Intersecting Runways
• Dependent Departures• Dependent Arrivals/Departures• Dependent Arrivals
• Dependent Departures• Dependent Arrivals/Departures• Dependent Arrivals• Minimum Runway Separation for
Airplane Design Group V and VI (B-747,B-777, A380)
1,200’2,500’
• Independent Departures• Independent Arrivals/Departures• Dependent Arrivals
Triple Parallel Runways with 4,300 Foot Separation
Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) Runway Separation
Dual Parallel Runways with 4,300 Foot Separation
4,300’
Potential of 3,600’
• Independent Departures• Independent Arrivals/Departures• Independent Arrivals
• Independent Departures• Independent Arrivals/Departures• Independent Arrivals
• Independent Departures• Independent Arrivals/Departures• Independent Arrivals
5,000’ - Recommended4,300’ - Minimum
5,000’8,800’
6,400’
– Runway Protection Zone (RPZ)
– Runway Safety Area (RSA)
– Object Free Area (OFA)
– Precision Obstacle Free Zone (POFZ)
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Imaginary Surfaces
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Runway Protection Zone (RPZ)
• Where practicable, the airport should own land within the RPZ
• Desirable to clear all objects
• Permissible uses only in the controlled activity area:
“farming, irrigation channels, airport service roads, underground facilities, NAVAIDS, auto parking”
• No auto parking, roadways, or rail lines in Central Portion of the RPZ
(OFA)
LENGTH
(L) FEET
INNER WIDTH
(W1) FEET
OUTER WIDTH
(W2) FEETRPZ ACRES
SMALL AIRCRAFT
EXCLUSIVELY1,000 250 450 8.035
AIRCRAFT APPROACH
CATEGORIES A & B1,000 500 700 13.77
AIRCRAFT APPROACH
CATEGORIES C & D1,700 500 1,010 29.465
NOT LOWER THAN
3/4 MILEALL AIRCRAFT 1,700 1,000 1,510 48.978
LOWER THAN
3/4 MILEALL AIRCRAFT 2,500 1,000 1,750 78.914
DIMENSIONS
VISUAL AND NOT LOWER
THAN 1-MILE
FACILITIES
EXPECTED TO
SERVE
APPROACH
VISIBILITY
MINIMUMS
Central Portion of RPZ
Controlled Activity Area
Controlled Activity Area
(RSA)
W1 W2
L200’
– NAVAID systems are visual and instrument-based.
– Pilots are responsible for interpreting and using such systems without ATC assistance
– ILS (Instrument Landing System)– CAT I-III
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Navigational Aids (NAVAIDs)
– NAVAID systems are visual and instrument-based.
– Pilots are responsible for interpreting and using such systems without ATC assistance
– VOR (Very High Frequency (VHF) Omni-Directional Range)
– DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)
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Navigational Aids (NAVAIDs)
– NAVAID systems are visual and instrument-based.
– Pilots are responsible for interpreting and using such systems without ATC assistance
– NDB (Non-directional radio beacon)
– LLWAS (Low Level Windshear Alert System)
– Wind sock
– A runway equipped with NDB or VOR (or both) as the only navigation aid is called a non-precision approach runway; if it is equipped with ILS it is called a precision approach runway.
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Navigational Aids (NAVAIDs)
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Airport Diagram
– Runway dimensions, elevations, and gradient
– Position and identification of taxiways, ramps and parking areas
– Type of runway surfaces
– Closed runways/taxiways
– Location/identification of buildings, control tower, airport beacon, and other structures
– Location/elevation of obstructions
– Geographical coordinate grid
– Runway weight-bearing capacity
– Airport diagrams are not intended to be used for approach and landing or departure operations
https://www.faa.gov/airports/runway_safety/diagrams/
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Airfield Signs, Markings and Lighting
–Holds Signs
–Location Signs
–Direction Signs
– Information Signs15
Airfield Signs and Markings
Black Square, You’re There
Yellow Array, Leads The Way
Noise Abatement
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Airfield Signs and Markings
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Airfield Signs and Markings
– Runway Markings are
– Taxiway Markings are
– Three types of markings for runways
– Visual
– Nonprecisioninstrument
– Precision instrument
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Airfield Signs and Markings
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Airfield Lighting
– Many different lighting combinations that may be located on some airports, especially where aircraft operations are conducted in lower visibility ranges.
– Runway edge and centerline lights - white
– Taxiway edge lights - blue
– Taxiway centerline lights - green
– Runway guard lights - yellow
– Rotating Beacon
Runway edge
lightsRunway
center line
lights
Runway
threshold
lights
– Needed to accommodate instrument approaches
– Can extend 1,400 to 2,600 feet from the runway threshold
– Approach Lighting System (ALS) with Sequenced Flashers II (ALSF-2)
Approach Lighting System (ALS)
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– FAA Part 139 Certification of Airports
– Airport Operating Certificates serve to ensure safety in air transportation
– Airfield movement areas– Condition of pavement– Markings– Lighting– Signs– Abutting shoulders– Safety areas– Wildlife
– Nightly inspections– Runway/taxiway and apron lighting and signage– Pavement markings– Airport beacon– Wind cone– Lighting– Obstruction lighting
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Airport Inspections
– Controlled
− Traffic is controlled by FAA
− Air Traffic Control Tower
(ATCT)
− Terminal Radar Approach
Control (TRACON)
− En-route Center (Center) –
22 across the U.S
– Uncontrolled− Pilots announce intensions
on common frequency (UNICOM)
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Air Traffic Control
–Flight Plan – 4 to 6 hours before flight
– Airline dispatcher checks– Weather
– Route
– Fuel
– Payload (passengers & cargo)
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Flight Plan – 2 hours before flight– Pilot and Dispatcher agree to plan
– Flight Release
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–At gate
– Preflight– Captain boards aircraft
– 1st Officer does walk around
– Passengers board aircraft
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Pushback from gate
– Pilots receive final weight and balances (may influence runway)
– Contacts Ramp Tower (not FAA)
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Pushback from gate
– Pilots receive final weight and balances (may influence runway)
– Contacts Ramp Tower (not FAA)
– Listens to ATIS
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Taxiing
– Contacts FAA Ground (stop short of movement area)
– Ground says Taxi to Runway 8 via taxiway…
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Taxiing
– Contacts FAA Ground (stop short of movement area)
– Ground says Taxi to Runway 8 via taxiway…
– Contact tower on frequency…
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Takeoff
– Towers says “Fly heading 090, Runway 8, clear for takeoff”
– Noise abatement procedure
– After takeoff contact Departure Control on frequency…
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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Runway Hold Lines
–Climb
– Departure Control “Climb and maintain flight level 200 (20,000’), resume own navigation”
– Contact Center on frequency…(15 to 40 mi from airport)
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Climb
– “climb and maintain flight level 370 ( 37,000’)”
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Cruise
– Denver Center passes to Kansas City Center
– Kansas City Center (begins descent)
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Descent
– Descend via BENKY 4 STAR
– Computer programed arrival
– Route into downwind leg
– Listen to ORD ATIS
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Arrival
– Approach Control (Chicago TRACON)
– Runway Assignment (28C)
– RNAV procedure to downwind
– Vector heading into base and final approach
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Arrival
– Contact ORD Tower on frequency…
– ORD Tower “Clear to land Runway 28C”
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Arrival
– Exit when able
– Stay on frequency with tower until clear of active runways
– ATC Ground takes you to edge of movement area
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Arrival
– Exit when able
– Stay on frequency with tower until clear of active runways
– ATC Ground takes you to edge of movement area
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Arrival
– Contact Ramp Tower
– Gate Assignment
– Gate/Ramp Ops
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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–Arrival
– Contact Ramp Tower
– Gate Assignment
– Gate/Ramp Ops
Airport System Example DEN to ORD
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Questions?
Ryan C. AndersonManaging Consultant
Landrum & BrownGlobal Aviation Planning & Development
[email protected] +1 312 972 1661
landrum-brown.com