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AIAA Electric Propulsion Technical CommitteeDr. Lyon (Brad) King (Committee Chair)
Ron and Elaine Starr Professor of Space Systems
Michigan Technological UniversityHoughton, MI 49931
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Electric Propulsion – The Technology of The Future
Electric Propulsion
Ion Thrusters
Hall-effect Thrusters
Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
Field-reversed Configuration
Lorentz-force Accelerator
Pulsed Plasma Thruster
ResistojetArcjet
Helicon
Microcavity Discharge Thruster
VASIMRPulsed Inductive Thruster
Electrospray
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Physics from www.startrek.com
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Electric Propulsion – The Technology of Today
Deep Space 1
Comet Borrelly
SMART 1
AEHF
Hayabusa
Asteroid Itokawa
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Tipping Point (noun)
• The critical point in an evolving situation that leads to a new and irreversible development
• An addition or increment that, in itself, might not seem extraordinary but that unexpectedly is just the amount of additional change that will lead to a big effect
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2008
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2010
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Tipping Point (noun)
• The critical point in an evolving situation that leads to a new and irreversible development
• An addition or increment that, in itself, might not seem extraordinary but that unexpectedly is just the amount of additional change that will lead to a big effect
There are many Level-4 Electric Propulsion Technologies that are at a tipping point.
Electric Propulsion as a whole is in the process of tipping.
Small input will yield disproportionately large displacement.
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TRL 1
TRL 2
TRL 3
TRL 4
TRL 5
TRL 6
TRL 7
TRL 8
TRL 90.2-5 kW4.5 kW
7.2 kW
100 kW 200 kW 200 kW
Ion Thrusters Hall Thrusters ElectrosprayPulsed Inductive MPD VASIMR
TRL VALLEY OF DEATH
50 kW
500 kW
1,000 kW
500 kW1,000 kW
10 W
100 W 1,000 kW
< 100 W< 100 W
State-of-the Art in Electric Propulsion 2010
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TRL 1
TRL 2
TRL 3
TRL 4
TRL 5
TRL 6
TRL 7
TRL 8
TRL 9
7.2 kW
100 kW 200 kW 200 kW
Ion Thrusters Hall Thrusters ElectrosprayPulsed Inductive MPD VASIMR
TRL VALLEY OF DEATH
50 kW
500 kW
1,000 kW
500 kW1,000 kW
10 W
100 W 1,000 kW
< 100 W< 100 W
State-of-the Art in Electric Propulsion 2020
0.2-5 kW4.5 kW
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The EP Roadmap: Scaling
Straightforward (adj): admitting no doubt or misunderstanding; having only one meaning and leading to only one conclusion.
Easy (adj): capable of being accomplished with ease; posing no difficulty
vs.
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GapsProvide technology gaps that the roadmap did not cover
Potential Gap: Ground testing and development
• In order to thrive EP technology programs must be active at prime contractors, small businesses, and multiple academic institutions
• At present high-power EP will be ‘choked’ at 1, 2, or 3 available ground facilities• Some roadmap technologies will severely strain national xenon production capabilities, not to mention cost of raw material• NASA must consider alternatives to all-xenon architectures – what are they and what are the trades?
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Academia
Industry
Jet Propulsion LaboratoryGlenn Research CenterMarshall Spaceflight Center
Government
Current Membership of AIAA Electric Propulsion Technical Committee
Air ForceResearch Laboratory