AGR 4501 Pasture Management1
AGR 4501PASTURE MANAGEMENT
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OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session you will be able to: Understand the importance of pastures in
ruminant production Identify the common sown pasture grasses
and legumes in Malaysia Identify common native grass species Establish and manage pastures for long term
production
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STATUS OF RUMINANT IN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY OF MALAYSIA
Most backward compared to poultry and pigs Low self sufficiency levels 25% for beef, 9%
for mutton, 5% for dairy Dominated by small farmers Lack of feed resources
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PROSPECTS FOR RUMINANT INDUSTRY
High income – higher consumption of animal products (beef: 1990 – 3.5 kg; 2000 – 5.3 kg)
Vast areas of plantations (6 m ha) that can be integrated with ruminant production
Strong government support to reduce food importation
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Livestock statistics
livestock statistics
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Self sufficiency
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PASTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA
Prior 1970’s animals grazed on native grasses except for Napier and Guinea
1972 – MARDI started work in introducing new pasture grasses and legumes
1972-73 – large farms established by MAJUTERNAK on model of temperate farms
1985 open pastures found to be high cost and low returns
1985-2000 – campaign to encourage plantation-livestock integration
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TYPES OF GRASSLANDS
Natural grasslands (24% of world’s vegetation)
Induced grasslands (result of man’s disturbance)
Sown grasslands Grasslands associated with plantations
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Natural grasslands
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Prairies
PampasVeld Savanna
Steppes
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Australian Savanna Grassland
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Australian Savanna Grassland
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Herding Hereford cattle in Australian extensive farm
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New Zealand Alpine Grasslands
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MONGOLIAN- Manchurian Grasslands - Steppes
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Sown grasslands
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New Zealand Dairy Pasture
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New Zealand dairy calves
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New Zealand Farm boy
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Traditional low-input systems
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Malaysian goats scavenging garbage
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Free grazing
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Malaysian KK cattle – roadside grazers
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Malaysian KK cattle on induced pastures
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Supplementing Induced pastures with fodder grasses
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Improved pastures in Malaysia
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Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978
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Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978
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Darabif Cattle Farm, Pahang Tenggara, 1978
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Darabif Farm pasture, on jungle fringes
forest
Forest regeneration
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ALFALFA (LUCERNE)
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ALFALFA
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Integration of livestock with crops
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Immature rubber with grass and legume undergrowth
legumes
grass
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Sheep grazing under mature rubber
Ferns largely uneaten
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Sown MARDI Digit grass beside oil palm estate (Guthrie)
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Sheep integrated with oil-palm plantation
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Cattle under coconut plantation - Philippines
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Cattle under coconuts - Philippines
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Young rubber with leguminous cover crops
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Mature canopy shades out light for grasses
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Sown grasses (Brachiaria humidicola) in interrows of traditionally planted rubber
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Double hedge-row planting system of rubber delays shading of pasture
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Using crop by products
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Cattle grazing on rice stubble and stover after harvest - Thailand
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Friesian cattle feeding on collected rice straw
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Brewer’s grain, byproduct of beer manufacture, being used for animal feed
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Poultry manure being used to increase protein in feedlot
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Feedlot cattle on crop byproducts
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Oil-palm frond (OPF) being chopped for easy feeding
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Cattle feeding on freshly chopped OPF
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Chopping corn stover for feed
AGR 4501 Pasture Management58Chopping OPF for making OPF dry pellets
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Mechanized collection and chopping of OPF
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OPF drying facility, MARDI
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Loading of baled padi straw
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Straw left after harvest
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