![Page 1: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Simulating AGN feedback in Clusters – the effect of Cluster
Dynamics
Brian MorsonyUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison
Collaborators: Sebastian Heinz, Mateusz Ruszkowski, Marcus Brüggen
The Physics of the Intracluster MediumUniversity of Michigan, 8/24/2010
![Page 2: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Outline
SetupsComparison of Hydrostatic vs. Dynamics clustersResults–Multiple Bubbles–AGN Sphere of Influence–Jet Break-off TimescaleConclusions
![Page 3: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
Simulation Setup
Random walk of jet axis by 20° to simulate dentist drill effect200 Myr simulationDynamic S2 cluster -or-
• Stationary cluster with same density profile, initially hydrostaticEnergy of 1044, 1045 and 1046 erg/sAGN active for 30, 90 of 200 Myr
![Page 4: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
“Realistic” vs. Hydrostatic
![Page 5: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Dynamic Cluster Radio
![Page 6: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
QuickTime™ and aPNG decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Dynamic Cluster X-ray
![Page 7: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
Radio and X-ray
![Page 8: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
Radio and X-ray
![Page 9: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
Radio Comparison
M87, 61 kpc Owen et al. 2000
![Page 10: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
X-ray Comparison
Perseus, 131 kpcFabian et al. 2003
![Page 11: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
X-ray Comparison
Perseus, 131 kpcFabian et al. 2003
![Page 12: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
Velocity Dispersion
1σ, 2σ and 3σ contoursJets increase velocity dispersion in cluster centerDetectable with ASTRO-H, IXO
![Page 13: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Velocity Dispersion
1σ, 2σ and 3σ contoursJets increase velocity dispersion in cluster centerDetectable with ASTRO-H, IXO
• Check back in 2020
_
![Page 14: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Time Evolution
200 Myr continuous activityExcavated region reaches terminal size
![Page 15: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
AGN Duration
200 Myr Active 30 Myr Active, 170 Myr inactive
![Page 16: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
AGN Duration30, 90 and 200 Myr of activityLonger duration removes more materialDoes not increase radius
![Page 17: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
What’s going on?Initial turn on of AGN send out shock wave, expanding cavityAs it expands cavity pressure drops, but pressure at cluster center remains highEventually, base of jet pinches off, bubble disconnected from jetNew bubble forms behind first, expands on it’s own, advected away by cluster motionCharacteristic time scale about 20 Myr
![Page 18: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
AGN Luminosity10x Luminosity ~ 2x Radius1044 – 1046
erg/s
Active 30 Myr inactive 170 Myr
![Page 19: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
AGN Luminosity1044 - 1046 erg/sHigh luminosity removes more materialIncreases radius as ~L1/3
![Page 20: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
AGN Efficiency1045 for 90 Myr vs. 1046 for 30 MyrSame entropy increase in coreSmaller radius of increase
![Page 21: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
ConclusionsCluster environment strongly effects AGN evolutionMultiple bubbles can be created from continuous AGN–Range of AGN influence set by first generation of
bubble formation–Longer duration AGN does not increase radius of
influenceRadius of influence does increase with luminosity as R ~ L1/3
–Lower luminosity more efficient at heating cluster center
![Page 22: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
AGN Luminosity1044 - 1046 erg/sHigh luminosity removes more materialIncreases radius ~2-2.5x per 10x power
![Page 23: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
AGN Luminosity1044, 45, 46 erg s-1
• High luminosity increases entropy more
![Page 24: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
SummaryCluster motion distributes AGN energy across wide angle - That’s GoodRadius of AGN impact scales as R ~ L1/3
–Low power AGN more efficient – That’s Good–Heating depends on how energy is delivered –
That’s BadMultiple bubbles can be made from one period of AGN activity–Looks like observations – That’s Good–Doesn’t tell you about duty cycle – That’s Bad
![Page 25: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
SummaryCluster motion distributes AGN energy across wide angle
•
![Page 26: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
SummaryCluster motion distributed AGN energy across wide angle - That’s Good
•
![Page 27: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
SummaryCluster motion distributes AGN energy across wide angle - That’s GoodRadius of AGN impact scales as R ~ L1/3
•
![Page 28: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
SummaryCluster motion distributes AGN energy across wide angle - That’s GoodRadius of AGN impact scales as R ~ L1/3
–Low power AGN more efficient – That’s Good
–
![Page 29: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
SummaryCluster motion distributes AGN energy across wide angle - That’s GoodRadius of AGN impact scales as R ~ L1/3
–Low power AGN more efficient – That’s Good–Heating depends on how energy is delivered –
That’s Bad
–
![Page 30: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
SummaryCluster motion distributes AGN energy across wide angle - That’s GoodRadius of AGN impact scales as R ~ L1/3
–Low power AGN more efficient – That’s Good–Heating depends on how energy is delivered –
That’s BadMultiple bubbles can be made from one period of AGN activity
•
![Page 31: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
SummaryCluster motion distributes AGN energy across wide angle - That’s GoodRadius of AGN impact scales as R ~ L1/3
–Low power AGN more efficient – That’s Good–Heating depends on how energy is delivered –
That’s BadMultiple bubbles can be made from one period of AGN activity–Looks like observations – That’s Good–
![Page 32: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
SummaryCluster motion distributes AGN energy across wide angle - That’s GoodRadius of AGN impact scales as R ~ L1/3
–Low power AGN more efficient – That’s Good–Heating depends on how energy is delivered –
That’s BadMultiple bubbles can be made from one period of AGN activity–Looks like observations – That’s Good–Doesn’t tell you about duty cycle – That’s Bad
![Page 33: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
What does this mean for Feedback?
AGN can provide heating in cluster centerIf outer cluster needs to be heated, need either very powerful AGN or some other heat source
Cluster dynamical motion strongly effects AGN evolution
![Page 34: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
Cluster Properties
Big, ~1015 solar massesLots of hot, X-ray emitting gasHot gas pressure supportedCooling time in the center is much less than the age of the universeGas in center should cool with gas from farther out falling in to replace it – “Cooling flow”
![Page 35: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
Cluster PropertiesCooling gas should collect in centerEither:–Lots of cold gas in cluster–Lots of star formation in central galaxyBut, this isn’t found.–Central galaxies are giant elliptical (red) galaxies–Not much gas below about 2 keVNeed feedback to regulate this
![Page 36: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Feedback
What does feedback mean to me?Need a heat sourcePowerful enough to balance coolingKnows how much cooling is going on and adjust its selfFairly stable on long time scales
![Page 37: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
Example: ThermostatMetal contracts, triggers a switchHeat source turns on, gets warmMetal expands, turns heat offRoom cools, repeatHeater needs to be powerful enough, but not too powerful
![Page 38: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Feedback CandidatesStar Formation – Probably notGravitational HeatingDynamical friction / sloshingCosmic raysConductionAGN Jets – at least the exist
–
![Page 39: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
Feedback CandidatesStar Formation – Probably notGravitational HeatingDynamical friction / sloshingCosmic raysConductionAGN Jets – at least the exist–Cool gas accretes onto super massive BH–Accretion powers jet outflows–Jets heat cluster gas, stop accretion
![Page 40: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Cluster Observations
Perseus Cluster X-ray ImageMultiple X-ray cavities“Sound waves” extending out from cluster center
Fabian et al. 2003
![Page 41: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Cluster Observations
Inner cavities filled with radio emission
![Page 42: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Cluster Observations
![Page 43: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
Hydrostatic Cluster
Inflate two big cavitiesStay in jet direction
![Page 44: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
~12 Generation of Bubbles
![Page 45: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
AGN Luminosity
Active 30 Myr, inactive 170 Myr
1044 erg/s, 90 kpc 1045 erg/s, 180 kpc 1046 erg/s, 360 kpc
![Page 46: AGN Simulations in Galaxy Clustersmctp/SciPrgPgs/events/2010/Plasma/Talks/Morso… · Cooling gas should collect in center Either: –Lots of cold gas in cluster –Lots of star formation](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081409/60871689cf52320e640acdd8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
Dynamic Cluster X-ray