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Adverse Childhood Experiences - ACEs
Adverse Childhood Experiences - ACEs
Paul Martin - Operational Manager FIP & Priority FamiliesNottingham City Council
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ACEs – Session aims
• Raising an awareness of Adverse Childhood Experiences - ACEs
• Introduction to how relational trauma impacts upon behaviour
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ACEs – Reference material
• Professor Vincent Felittico (San Diago USA) 1998 (17,000 participants)
• Blackburn with Darwen(1,500 participants)
• Professor Mark Bellis (Public Health Wales) 2015(2028 participants)
• Hertfordshire, Northamptonshire and Luton Research (Liverpool John Moores University) 2016(5,454 participants)
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Brain Development – the critical years
First 3 years - baby’s brain grows from 25% to 80% of adult size
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Brain Development – the critical years
Development
continues in
childhood
learning
empathy,
trust and
community
2 Years1 Month 6 MonthsNewborn
700 Synapses formed per second in early years
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ACEs – Toxic Stress
Nucleus Accumens – Pleasure & Reward Centre
Prefrontal Cortex - Impulsivity & Executive Function
Amygdala - Fear Centre
Health Harming Behaviours
Childhood Adversity affects following parts of brain
Hypothalmic Pituity Axis – Controls reaction to Stress Immune System/Digestion
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ACEs – Toxic Stress
Chronic Stress from ACEs:-
• Violence – over-develop ‘life-preserving’
brain
NEUTRAL CUES LOOK THREATENING
• School – anxious, disengaged, poor
learners
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ACEs – What are they?
ABUSEE NEGLECT
EHOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION
PHYSICAL
EMOTIONAL
SEXUAL
PHYSICAL
EMOTIONAL
MENTAL
ILLNESS
DOMESTIC
ABUSE
PARENTAL
SEPARATION
INCARCERATION
DRUG OR
SUBSTANCE
ABUSE
Experiences of children up to the age of 18 years
Dose effect!
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ACEs – Questionnaire Exercise
All the questions are prefixed with:-
“While you were growing up and before you reached your 18th
birthday………..”
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ACEs – Impact over a lifespan
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ACEs – Prevalence
Number of adults in Wales reporting experienced an ACE during childhood
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ACEs – Population prevalence
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ACEs – What is the impact of ACEs
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ACEs – Children having children
ACE Count
0 1 2-3 4+
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
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ACEs – Violence towards others
England & Wales data
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Preventing ACES
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ACEs – Adult mental well-being
Using a WEMWEBS score
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ACEs – Adult mental well-being
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ACEs – Children having children
21%
41%
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ACEs – Children having children
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4+ACEs….it’s not all over!
1. Trusted Adult
2. Trauma informed Services
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ACEs
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Video Links:
Experiences Build Brain Architecturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNNsN9IJkws&list=PL0DB506DEF92B6347
Animationhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XHgLYI9KZ-A
TED Talk referred to in presentation:
How childhood trauma affects health across a lifetimeDr Nadine Burke Harris https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95ovIJ3dsNk