Download - ADVERBS
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Adverb
PP 13-2
An adverb answers these questions:
How? In what manner? patiently, boldly, slowly, softly, enthusiastically
When? recently, later, finally, daily, again, formerly Where? outside, here, down, forward, up, away
To what extent? To what degree? extremely, very, too, rarely, completely, frequently
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Adverbs—Modify Verbs
PP 13-3
Place the adverb before or after the verb that is modified.When businesses knowingly deceive customers, they are violating ethical standards.Do not illegally copy paper or electronic documents.
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Adverbs—Modify Adjectives
PP 13-4
Place the adverb immediately before the adjective. The courtesy of greeting others within your own firm is universally acceptable in the United States.In some countries, greetings are very expressive and elaborate.Downsizing is becoming an increasingly popular way for businesses to lower expenses.
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Adverbs—Modify Other Adverbs
PP 13-5
Place the adverb immediately before the adverb being modified. We very precisely judged the commute time to our new client’s office.Ruby did extremely well on the ethics section of her real estate exam.
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AdverbsAdverbs
Descriptive Adjectives Before Nouns
PP 13-6
Add ly to an adjective root to form the majority of adverbs.
cautious cautiouslyextreme extremelyperfect perfectlyskillful skillfully
Adjective Adverb
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Noun Base Used to Form Adjectives Ending in ly
PP 13-7
Use root words to identify words ending in ly as adjectives or adverbs.
brother brotherlyneighbor neighborlyearth earthlyworld worldlylove lovely
Noun Adjective
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Adverbs Formed From Adjectives Ending in y
PP 13-8
Change the y to i and add ly to an adjective ending in y to form an adverb.
busy busilyeasy easilyheavy heavilymerry merrily
Adjective Adverb
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AdverbsAdverbs
Adverbs Formed From Adjectives Ending in ible or able
PP 13-9
Drop the final e on adjectives that end in able or ible before adding the y to form the adverb.
forcible forciblyterrible terriblypossible possibly
Adjective Adverb
Business English at Work
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Adverbs Formed From Adjectives Ending in ic
PP 13-10
Add ally to adjectives ending in ic to form the adverb.
chronic chronicallylogic logicallymagic magicallyscenic scenically
Adjective Adverb
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Adverbs—Modify Adjectives
PP 13-11
The following list includes some adverbs that do not end in ly.
again more sometimesalmost much soonalways near thendown now therefar nowhere toofast often twicehard once up
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Verbs—Both Linking and Action
PP 13-14
Clarify the intent of the sentence before making a decision about such verbs as look, taste, or feel.Use adverbs when these words are action words. He hurriedly looked for the contract on his desk.
Use adjectives when these words function as linking verbs. Things looked bad for Jerome after he lost his job.
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Adjectives and Adverbs With the Same Form
PP 13-15
Some adverbs and adjectives that have the same form include fast, first, last, early, and right.
Use an adjective to modify a noun or pronoun. Turn left at the first stop sign. Use an adverb to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Return Andrew’s phone call first.
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
One-Syllable Adverbs
PP 13-16
Add er to the positive form for its comparative degree.Add est to the positive form for its superlative degree.
Positive Comparative Superlative
fast faster fastestlate later latestsoon sooner soonest
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Two-Syllable Adverbs
PP 13-17
Add er or the word more or the word less before the positive form for the comparative degree.Add est or the word most or the word least for the superlative degree.
Positive Comparative Superlative
quickly more quickly (quicker) most quickly (quickest)nearly more nearly most nearly
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Three-Syllable Adverbs
PP 13-18
Add the word more or the word less before the positive form to form its comparative degree.Add the word most or the word least before the positive form to form its superlative degree.
Positive Comparative Superlative
efficiently more efficiently most efficientlydangerously more dangerously most dangerouslyReliably more reliably most reliably
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Irregular Adverbs
PP 13-19
Use irregular comparisons for some adverbs.
Positive Comparative Superlative
well better bestbadly worse worst
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Absolute Adverbs
PP 13-20
Some adverbs do not allow for comparisons
no now past basicallythere here partly sometimestoo very annually
We feel that we need more telephone lines now.Ethics concerns today are similar to those in the past.
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Cautions for Using Not and Never
PP 13-21
Use not in a negative statement.Place not between the helping verb and the main verb in a sentence. Some employees do not treat all customers with respect.
Use never as a stronger word than not to mean “at no time.”Being rude to a customer is never acceptable.
Refrain from using never if not will suffice.
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AdverbsAdverbs
Cautions for Using Contractions
PP 13-22
Use an apostrophe to take the place of the missing letter or letters in such words as
aren’t doesn’t can’t isn’twouldn’t hasn’t don’t
He doesn’t anticipate rewriting the code of ethics for several years.She hasn’t missed a day of work this year.
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AdverbsAdverbs
Double Negatives
PP 13-23a
Double negatives are two negative words used in a sentence. This combination gives the clause a positive meaning rather than the intended negative meaning.
I have not seen no evidence of employee theft. Incorrect
I have seen no evidence of employee theft.I have not seen any evidence of employee theft.
Correct
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Double Negatives
PP 13-23b
I couldn’t hardly believe that the computer was missing. Incorrect
I could hardly believe that the computer was missing.I could not believe that the computer was missing.
Correct
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I can’t go nowhere until I help these customers. Incorrect
I can go nowhere until I help these customers.I cannot go anywhere until I help these customers.
Correct
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AdverbsAdverbs
Placement of Only
PP 13-24
Place the adverb only immediately before the word or group of words it modifies.
Only long-time employees can take vacations during June.Long-time employees can take vacations only during June.
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Adverb Clauses
PP 13-25a
Use subordinating conjunctions such as after, although, before, because, if, unless, when, and while to introduce dependent adverb clauses.Place the adverb clause as closely as possible to the words modified.
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Adverb Clauses
PP 13-25b
Use commas after introductory adverb clauses that precede independent clauses.
continuedcontinued
Although he broke no laws, his actions were still unethical.
Do not use commas to set aside adverb clauses that follow independent clauses.Plan to arrive 10 minutes before the meeting begins.We will start the meeting after serving refreshments.
Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Farther/Further (Adverbs)
PP 13-26
Use farther to refer to physical distance. We traveled farther from the airport than we anticipated to find our hotel.
Use further to mean additional or additionally.He explained further the reasons for adjusting our work schedules.
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AdverbsAdverbs
Good/Well
PP 13-27
Use good as an adjective. Making ethical choices is often more than being a good person.
Use well as an adverb. The new code of ethics has worked very well during the past year.
Use well as an adjective in reference to the state of someone’s health. Although Anna was not well, she stayed at work long enough to complete writing the payroll checks.
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Most/Almost
PP 13-28
Use almost as an adverb to mean “nearly.”Use almost if the word nearly can be substituted satisfactorily. Almost all of us use our yearly vacation time. Use most as a limiting adjective to modify a noun. Most new supervisors have trouble with ethical situations. Use most as the superlative degree in a comparison. The speaker answered the question most effectively.
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AdverbsAdverbs
Real/Really
PP 13-29a
Use real as a descriptive adjective to mean “genuine.”Do not use real to modify another adjective.
We never knew the real reason for losing the Manila contract.
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Real/Really
PP 13-29b
Use really as an adverb to mean “genuinely.”Substitute very for the word really to determine if really is the correct word.
Cynthia is really supportive of our efforts to improve customer satisfaction.
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Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Sometime/Sometimes/Some Time
PP 13-30a
Use sometime as an adverb to mean “at some unscheduled time” or “in the future.”Sometime next week we are meeting to revise our customer service policy.
Use sometimes as an adverb to mean “on some occasions.”We sometimes waive late payment charges.
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Sometime/Sometimes/Some Time
PP 13-30b
Use some time as a phrase in which the adjective some modifies the noun time. Some time designates an “amount of time.”
The revision of the ethics policy will take some time.
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Business English at Work
AdverbsAdverbs
Sure/Surely
PP 13-31
Use sure as an adjective. They thought a lock on the supply cabinet was the sure solution for reducing theft.
Use surely as an adverb to mean “without a doubt.”Ellen surely makes an excellent impression on customers.
Business English at Work© 2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
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