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Advanced Traffic Management Systems
ATMS
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Outline
• The idea • ATMS Requirements • ATMS multilevel architecture • Purpose of ATMS (objectives & strategies) • Traffic management capability (TMC) • Traffic information capability (TIC) • Integration of TMC and TIC • Applications
– VANET – Embedded systems in cars
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Traffic Management System - Idea
Traffic Management
Freeways/highways/Tolls
Ring Roads
Public Transportation Events
Urban Traffic Parking
Road Works
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ATMS Requirements
Control mechanism
Sensors
Communications
Data collection and manipulation
Algorithms
Maintenance
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ATMS Requirements
• Control mechanism – Traffic lights – Lane signal – Visual message system (VMS) – Traffic information
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ATMS Requirements
• Sensors – Loops – Cameras
• Data • Images
– Lasers – Radar – Vehicle probe data
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ATMS Requirements
• Communications – Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V)
• WiFi • Bluetooth
– Vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) • WiFi • GPRS • WiMax
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ATMS Requirements
• Data collection and manipulation – Collecting though the communication
means – Preprocessing data
• Make it understandable • Decision support systems
– Data fusion • This case when we have many source of
data.
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ATMS Requirements
• Algorithms – Old generation
• Time of day • Fixed volumes
– New generation • Adaptive • Real time volumes • Prediction in space and time
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ATMS Requirements
• Maintenance – Higher level of maintenance than simple
infrastructure – Question about data size – How sparse data should be – Insure the good functioning of all the
requirements systems
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ATMS Multi level Architecture
Strategic level ---------------------------------------------
---- Traffic Management system
Tactical Level level -------------------------------------------------
Parking guidance system/ Public transport system/ Urban traffic
control system/ Freeway management system
Operative level ------------------------------------------------- Cameras Signals Detectors Signs
Strategies, control
settings, etc
Measured data,
systems status, etc
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The idea behind ATMS
• Now – Cities run various independent traffic systems – No interchange data between most systems
• ATMS can do – ATMS integrates these systems into a single
application – Traffic Management thereby provides the basis
for: (Cross-System Traffic Strategies & Distribution of Traffic Information)
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What can Traffic Management change in your city?
• Achieve collaboration & central control of existing, independent traffic subsystems
• Comprehensively monitor & visualize traffic conditions in real time
• Provide value-added traffic information services to the public
• Improve road safety through incident detection & response management
• Prevent and actively fight congestion by intelligently influencing traffic on the road
• Demonstrate civil responsibility through a pro-active approach to traffic improvement
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ATMS Objectives Objectives Measures of Effectiveness (MOEs)
Increase corridor traffic throughout • Monthly average daily traffic (veh/day) • Highest hourly volume per lane (veh/hr/lane)
Increase average travel speed • Monthly average peak period speed (km/h) for 08:00 to 09:00 and for 17:00 to 18:00
Reduce vehicle delays • Total monthly vehicle-hours of delay (veh-hours) • Time when travel speed is less than 70 km/h (minutes)
Decrease average travel time • Average travel time at 08:00 and at 17:00 for a specific roadway section (minutes)
Increase utilization and effectiveness of DMS • Number of non-default messages displayed per sign per day
Reduce number of collisions • Total number of confirmed incidents
Improve incident detection system • Percentage of incidents detected by system • Percentage of incidents detected manually • Percentage of false alarms
Reduce incident duration
• Total duration of incident (minutes) • Average duration of incident (minutes) • Incident detection time (minutes) • Response time to incident (minutes) • Incident clearance time (minutes)
Increase field equipment utilization • Percentage of VDS controller-hour availability • Percentage of DMS controller-hour availability
Reduce secondary incidents • Number of secondary incidents Reduce vehicular delay due to incident reduction and delay reduction • Average delay (veh-hr)
Improve quality of traffic flow • Travel time index • Averaged speed (km/h) • Acceleration/deceleration ratio
Improve driver response (diversion) to DMS messages • User perception to the sign • Message accuracy of the sign
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ATMS Strategies Strategy Description Requirement Incident Management
Early detection and response to unscheduled events
• Incident detection/confirmation • Emergency response/motorist assistance • Pre-trip and en-route advisory
Congestion Management
Mitigating the impacts of recurring and non-recurring congestion
• Congestion monitoring • Pre-trip and en-route advisory • Lane metering • Ramp metering
Corridor Management
Balancing level of service among alternate parallel routes within a corridor
• Event and travel time monitoring • Pre-trip and en-route advisory
Network Management
Balancing level of service within the network as a function of current conditions
• Event and travel time monitoring • Pre-trip and en-route advisory
Travel Demand Management
Improving traffic flow by managing travel demand
• Congestion pricing • Ramp metering
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Traffic management capability
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Traffic information capability
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Results of merging (single platform)
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Integrated Traffic Management & Traffic Information Services
Data Collection from different sources Data fusion
Data Preprocessing Intelligent processing of traffic data Real time traffic status Traffic forecast
Generating services: Broadcasting information to various receivers Customer relation management
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Mapping subsystems to strategies
Subsystem Incident Mgt Congestion Mgt Network Mgt
Monitoring Vehicle detection
Cameras
Advisory Dynamic message signs
Arterial advisory signs
Queue warning signs
Traveller information
Traffic Control
Traffic signals
Ramp metering
Lane management
X- Primary role O-Secondary role
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Mapping subsystems to strategies
Subsystem Incident Mgt Congestion Mgt Network Mgt
Monitoring Vehicle detection x x x Cameras x x o Advisory Dynamic message signs x x x Arterial advisory signs o o x Queue warning signs x x Traveller information o x x Traffic Control
Traffic signals o x x Ramp metering o x o Lane management x
X- Primary role O-Secondary role
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Applications
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What is a VANET ? • Vehicular Ad-hoc
NETworks
• Individual nodes different from traditional wireless nodes
– No power constraint
– Nodes mostly mobile
• Extends existing infrastructure
Vehicle-Vehicle Communication
Vehicle-Infrastructure
Communication
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VANET
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A modern vehicle is a computer on wheels
Forward radar
Computing platform
Event data recorder (EDR)Positioning system
Rear radar
Communication facility
Display
• Processing power: comparable with a Personal Computer + a few dozens of specialized processors
• Communication: typically over a dedicated channel: Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)
• In the US, 75 MHz at 5.9 GHz;
• In Europe, 20 MHz requested but not yet allocated)
• Envisioned protocol: IEEE 802.11p
• Penetration will be progressive (over 2 decades or so)
(GPS)
- Human-Machine Interface - Navigation system
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Your car in the not so far distant future
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Safety applications : SVA (Stopped or Slow Vehicle Advisor)
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Safety Applications
n PCN: V2V Post Crash Notification
n EEBL: Emergency Electronic Brake Light
n RHCN: Road Hazard Condition Notification
n RFN: Road Feature Notification
n CCW: Cooperative Collision Warning
n CVW: Cooperative Violation Warning
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Convenance Applications : CRN (Congested Road Notification)
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Convenance Applications
n TP: Traffic Probe
n TOLL: Free Flow Tolling
n PAN: Parking Availability Notification
n PSL: Parking Spot Locator
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Commercial Applications
n RVP/D: Remote Vehicle Personalization/Diagnostics
n SA: Service Announcements
n CMDD: Content, Map or Database Download
n RTVR: Real-Time Video Relay