ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY GCE
GEOLOGY F792Rocks – Processes and Products
*OCE/11038*
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Writeyournameclearlyincapitalletters,yourCentreNumberandCandidateNumberintheboxesabove.• Useblackink.Pencilmaybeusedforgraphsanddiagramsonly.• Readeachquestioncarefullyandmakesurethatyouknowwhatyouhavetodobeforestartingyouranswer.• Answerallthequestions.• Donotwriteinthebarcodes.• Writeyouranswertoeachquestioninthespaceprovided,howeveradditionalpapermaybeusedif
necessary.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
• Thenumberofmarksisgiveninbrackets[ ]attheendofeachquestionorpartquestion.
• Thetotalnumberofmarksforthispaperis100.• Where you see this icon you will be awarded marks for the
quality of written communication in your answer.• Youmayuseanelectroniccalculator.• Youareadvisedtoshowallthestepsinanycalculations.• Thisdocumentconsistsof20pages.Anyblankpagesareindicated.
* F 7 9 2 *
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©OCR2009 [H/500/8417]DC(SJF4962/DR)11038/9
Candidatesansweronthequestionpaper
OCR Supplied Materials:None
Other Materials Required:• ElectronicCalculator• Ruler(cm/mm)
Wednesday 20 May 2009Afternoon
Duration:1hour45minutes
THIS IS A NEW SPECIFICATION
FOR EXAMINER’S USE
Qu. Max. Mark
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TOTAL 100
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Answerallthequestions.
1 (a) CompletetheflowdiagrambelowbyenteringthenamesofthecorrectbroadrockgroupsinboxesA,B,C and D.
texture
clasticcrystalline
alignmentofminerals
yes no
yes no
A
B
C D
composedmainlyofcalciteorquartz
[3]
(b) (i) Definetheterms
clastic ................................................................................................................................
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crystalline ..........................................................................................................................
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(ii) Definethetermrock.
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(iii) Explaintheprocessesthatcausemineralstobealignedinmetamorphicrocks.
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(c) Belowarethinsectiondiagramsoftworocks.
10mm 1mm
fine grainedcalcite cement
groundmass of maficminerals and plagioclase
feldspar
plagioclasefeldspar
E F
(i) Circlethebroadrockgrouptowhicheachrockbelongs.
E igneous metamorphic sedimentary
F igneous metamorphic sedimentary [2]
(ii) GivetworeasonsforyourchoiceforE.
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(iii) GivetworeasonsforyourchoiceforF.
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[Total: 14]
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2 (a) Thediagrambelowshowsdifferenttypesofsedimenttransport.
current direction
river bed
water surface
suspension
keysand grain
pebbles
(i) Definethetermsuspension.
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(ii) Explainwhythesamegraincanbetransportedbysuspensionandbysaltationatdifferenttimes.
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(iii) Describeandexplainonedifferencebetweengrainstransportedbyiceandbywind.
difference...........................................................................................................................
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reason ...............................................................................................................................
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(b) Thediagrambelowshowssedimentsdepositedbyameanderingriver.
0 10metres
river
mudsandgravel
2 1
N
(i) Labelonthediagramwheresedimentisbeingeroded. [1]
(ii) List two sedimentary structures that will be found in the meandering river depositsshown.
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(iii) Explainwhythesedimentat1 isolderthanthesedimentat2.
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(c) Thesequenceofsedimentsshownonthediagramisa finingup sequence.Explainhowitformed.
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[Total: 14]
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3 ThegraphbelowshowsthecumulativefrequencycurveforsedimentG.ThetableshowsthegrainsizedistributionforsedimentH.
grainsize
(phiφ)
mass(%)
cumulativemass(%)
0 0
1 2
2 14
3 78
4 6
5 0
6 0
sediment H
(a) (i) Usingthedata• completethetabletoshowthecumulativemass%forsedimentH.• plotthedataonthegraph• drawthecumulativefrequencycurve. [3]
(ii) Definethetermsorting.
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-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 60
20
40
60
80
100
grain size (phi units)
cumulativemass (%)
sediment G
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(iii) Usingthecumulativefrequencycurvesandtheinformationbelow,calculatethecoefficientofsortingforsedimentsG and H. Showyourworking.
coefficientofsorting= φ 84–φ16
2
(Whereφ 84isthegrainsizeofthecumulativemassof84%ofthesampleandφ16isthegrainsizeofthecumulativemassof16%ofthesample.)
coefficientofsortingG=...........................coefficientofsortingH=....................... [3]
coefficientofsorting description
<0.50 wellsorted
0.50–1.00 moderatelysorted
>1.00 poorlysorted
(iv) DescribethedifferenceinsortingbetweensedimentGandsedimentH.
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(v) IdentifypossibleenvironmentsinwhichsedimentsG and H wereformed.
G .......................................................................................................................................
H ................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(b) Sandstonescanbeclassifiedusingcompositionandgrainshape.Thethinsectiondiagramsbelowshowthreedifferentsandstones.
0 1mm
sandstone J sandstone K sandstone L
quartz quartz quartz
calcitecement
ironoxidecement
rockfragments
matrixfeldspar
(i) Identify sandstone J. Use the characteristics shown in the diagram to explain theenvironmentinwhichJwasdeposited.
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(ii) UsethecharacteristicsshowninthediagramtoexplainwhysandstoneK wasdepositedinthesea.
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(iii) Compare the grain shape of sandstones K and L and explain how this is used todeterminethedegreeoftransport.
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(iv) Analyse the characteristics shown in the diagram to determine the environment ofdepositionofsandstoneL.
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[Total: 17]
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4 Thediagrambelowshowsasequenceofprocessesthatoperateintherockcycle.
burial diagenesis
partialmelting
intrusion uplift
(a) (i) Completethesequencebyenteringthenameofthecorrectprocessineachboxabove. Choosefromthelistbelow.
crystallisationmagma accumulation
metamorphismrecrystallisation
transport [4]
(ii) Describetheprocessofcompaction.
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(iii) Describetheprocessofcementation.
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(b) The diagram below shows zones of metamorphic rocks around a granite intruded intoshales.
0 500
metres
granite
edge ofmetamorphic
aureole1
23
(i) Name and describe the characteristic rocks and index minerals found in each of thethreezones.
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(ii) Drawalabelleddiagramanddescribethemetamorphicrockproducediftheparentrockwassandstone.
0 5mm
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(iii) Explainthedifferencebetweenametamorphicaureoleandabakedmargin.
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[Total: 19]
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5 The diagram below shows part of Bowen’s Reaction Series. The table shows some of thecharacteristicpropertiesoftherockformingminerals.
Specific gravity
Cleavage Hardness Composition Colour Name
2.7 none 7 silicondioxideglassygreyorwhite
quartz
2.6 twogood 6Krichaluminiumsilicate
pinkorwhite Kfeldspar
2.7 twogood 6NaorCarichaluminiumsilicate
whiteorgreyplagioclasefeldspar
3oneperfectsplitsintothinelasticsheets
2.5K,Mg,Ferichaluminiumsilicate
darkbrowntoblack
biotitemica
2.8oneperfectsplitsintothinelasticsheets
2.5Krichaluminiumsilicate
palesilverymuscovitemica
3.2twogoodat120°
5.5NaorCarichaluminiumsilicate
blackorgreenishblack
hornblende(amphibole)
3.4twogoodat90°
6Ca,Mg,Ferichaluminiumsilicate
blackorgreenishblack
augite(pyroxene)
3.4 none 6.5 Mg,Alsilicate green olivine
Bowen’s Reaction Series
1
2
hornblende
biotite Narichplagioclasefeldspar
Carichplagioclasefeldspar
K feldspar
3
4
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(a) (i) Drawa labelledarrowon thediagramofBowen’sReactionSeries toshow increasingtemperature. [1]
(ii) Identifytheminerals1 – 4onBowen’sReactionSeries.Writeyouranswersintheboxesonthepreviouspage. [3]
(iii) Explainhowplagioclasefeldsparformsacontinuousreactionseries.
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(b) (i) Nametwoof theminerals likelytobefoundinmafic igneousrocks.Giveareasonforeachofyouranswers.
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(ii) Usingthedataprovidedexplainhowyouwoulddistinguishbetweenthewhitemineralsquartzandplagioclasefeldspar.
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(c) (i) Thephotographbelowisofagranite.Identifyfromthephotographthecorrectmineralsfromthedescriptionsbelow.Putthecorrectletterineachbox.
• black,withperfectcleavagethatformsflakes
• pinkphenocrystsofhardness6 [2]
M
N
P
Q
0 10 20mm
(ii) Statetwoothermineralsthatarepresentinthegranite.
1……………………………………………2…………………………………………… [1] (d) Describehow fractionalcrystallisationandgravitysettlingallowan intermediate rock tobe
formedfromamaficmagma.
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[Total: 16]
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6 Describethegradesofregionalmetamorphismandtherocksproducedateachgrade.Youmayusediagramstoillustrateyouranswer.
In your answer you should make clear how the rocks are linked to metamorphic grade.
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7 Describeandexplaintheessentialfeaturesofstrato-volcanoesandshieldvolcanoes.Youshouldusediagramstoillustrateyouranswer.
In your answer you should refer to:• magma viscosity• lava type• gas content • shape and structure of the volcanoes in your answer.
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[Total: 10]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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