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Advanced Modulation and Random Access Techniques for
5G Communication Systems
Carles Antón-Haro (co-authors: Xavier Mestre, Jesús Alonso)
Director of R&D Programs, Senior Research Associate
10 May 2016
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Motivation
… an increase in available capacity1000x higher mobile data volumes, 10-100x higher end user rates
… an increase in the number of connected devices10-100x up to 300.000 devices per cell.
… an increase in offered reliability99.9999% for e.g. mission critical communications, control functionalities
… decreased latencydown to the millisecond scale.
… increased efficiencyresource utilization (e.g. energy and spectrum)
An in-depth re-design of the radio interface is needed to cope with 5G requirements
… an increase in available capacity1000x higher mobile data volumes, 10-100x higher end user rates
… an increase in the number of connected devices10-100x up to 300.000 devices per cell.
… an increase in offered reliability99.9999% for e.g. mission critical communications, control functionalities
… decreased latencydown to the millisecond scale.
… increased efficiencyresource utilization (e.g. energy and spectrum)
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Outline
1) Advanced post-OFDM waveform designs (FBMC).
2) MAC protocol for massive random access (DQ).
3) Concluding remarks
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4CONFIDENTIAL
Advanced post-OFDM Waveform Designs
(FBMC)
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• Several post-OFDM waveforms under consideration for 5G • Filtered CP-OFDM, UFMC, UF-OFDM, GFDM, FBMC,…
• Emphasis on FilterBank MultiCarrier (FBMC) solutions based on OQAM symbols.
• These modulations achieve the maximum spectral efficiency.
Post-OFDM waveform designs
Staggering
... ......
M
M
...
Analysis Filter Bank...... ...
Synthesis Filter Bank
De-staggering
Staggering
Staggering
De-staggering
De-staggering
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FBMC
Advantages of FBMC as 5G candidate
No other 5G waveform candidate has all these properties
• The use of filterbank based multicarrier modulations (FBMC) guarantees good spectral localization and avoids cyclic prefix insertion (OFDM), leading to a much higher spectral efficiency.
• Orthogonal modulation under ideal (frequency flat) conditions.• For mildly selective channels, single tap equalization (like OFDM) is sufficient.• Spectral coexistence with other systems can be guaranteed.
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FBMC challenges…and solutions
• MIMO transceivers for FBMC: In general, MIMO techniques designed for OFDM cannot be directly applied to FBMC/OQAM because:
• Orthogonality in FBMC/OQAM is satisfied in the real domain.• In highly frequency selective channels, have to deal with inter-carrier/symbol/stream interference.
• Simplified channel estimation equalization of FBMC signals: FBMC/OQAM signals sensitive to high frequency selectivity.
• Simple & computationally efficient equalization/channel estimation schemes developed at CTTC.
• Prototyping and product development of FBMC signals. • Based on both polyphase and fast convolution approaches.• Implementing MIMO processing.• Reconfigurable to support FBMC/OQAM, FMT and single carrier with a single transmitter architecture.
Parallelized transceiver architectures for MIMO
FBMC/OQAM developed at CTTC.
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FBMC prototyping: wireless
• FPGA-based implementation of flexible FBMC/OQAM based on fastconvolution (ICT EMPhAtiC Project) and using MIMO.
• Main application: design of a broadband Professional Mobile Radio transmission that is able to co-exist with the narrowband legacy systems(TETRA-TEDS).
Primary Terminals
FBMC TXFBMC RX
FBMC wideband PMR
Narrowband legacy PMR
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FBMC-based system is able to suppress subcarriers and coexist with current TETRAPOL terminals…OFDM is NOT.
FBMC prototyping: wireless (cont’d)
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FMBC product development: powerline
• Design and implementation of a Multicarrier filterbank Multicarrier Transceiver for High Voltage Power Lines (FPGA+DSP).
• This is now commercialized by a local company.
• It is a real-time TX+RX modem implementing a 10bit/s/Hz transmission• Auto-configurable to avoid narrowband interference and maximize throughput.• 3 DSPs + 1 FPGA at each modem.
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Waveform design: CTTC experience
• Research projects: Active participation in several EU-fundedand national research projects, (both algorithms and demos):
• Physical Layer for Dynamic Spectum Access and Cognitive Radio (ICT-211887), PHYDYAS, Jan 2008- June 2010.
• Enhanced Multicarrier Techniques for Professional Ad-Hoc and Cell-Based Communications (ICT-318362), 2012–15. CTTC is the Project Coordinator.
• National research project “Multi-carrier systems with multi-antenna diversity and adaptive coding” TEC2008-06327-C03, Jan. 2009 – Dec. 2011.
• Some publications: • M. Caus, A. I. Pérez-Neira, Transmitter-Receiver Designs for Highly Frequency Selective Channels
in MIMO FBMC Systems , IEEE Transactions on SP, Vol. 60, No. 12, pp. 6519–6532, Dec 2012. • X. Mestre, M. Majoral, S. Pfletschinger, An Asymptotic Approach to Parallel Equalization of Filter
Bank Based Multicarrier Signals , IEEE Trans. on Sig. Proc., Vol. 61, pp. 3592-3606, July 2013.• M. Caus, A.I. Pérez-Neira, "Multi-stream transmission for highly frequency selective channels in
MIMO-FBMC/OQAM systems", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 786-796, February 2014.
• X. Mestre, D. Gregoratti, “A parallel processing approach to filterbank multicarrier MIMO transmission under strong frequency selectivity”, IEEE ICASSP, 4-9 May 2014, Florence (Italy).
• Patent:• X. Mestre et al. “Method for equalizing filterbank multicarrier modulations”,
USA 13/847,020, EP13159897.1, Granted 2014.
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12CONFIDENTIAL
MAC Protocol for Massive Random Access (DQ)
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• However in
Random Access mechanisms mostly based in ALOHA and variants(Frame Slotted with/out feedback, Dynamic FSA, Diversity FSA, + SuccessiveInterference Cancellation, + Duty Cycling, + Reservation)
• “Medium Access Control” is a popular research topic:• Google: 496.000 hits• Google Scholar: 107.000 hits• IEEE Xplore: 6.169 papers
…as of 21st April 2016.
Interestingly…
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• New stringent requirements for future wireless systems (MTC, 5G)• Huge number of devices (10x-100x), simultaneous access.• Small Data Transmissions (few bps)• Constraints on maximum latency/access delay.• Energy efficient operation, extended lifetime, energy harvesting.
• Lots of research on random access enhancements:
Interestingly…
• Go for an alternative approach?
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Distributed Queuing Random Access
• “Infinite” number of connected devices. • Overall performance independent of network size /
composition.• Congestion-free under any load conditions:
• Random access -> reservation access.• Fair allocation of radio resources.• Traffic prioritization: QoS-enabled• Collision-free data transmissions • Minimization of idle periods (no random backoff).• PHY-layer agnostic.
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Distributed Queuing Random Access
• Frame structure:
• Collision Resolution Algorithm (CRA) separate from Data Transmission.• If CRA faster than DT stable system.• No random back-off mechanism…just queues !!
• Two (virtual) distributed queues• Data Transmission Queue (DTQ):
• For devices with successful access requests (ARS).• Device in the first position of DTQ transmits data (DATA) in next frame.
• Collision Resolution Queue (CRQ)• For devices with collisions when requesting access (ARS).• Devices in the first position of CRQ send new requests (ARS) in next frame.
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Example of DQ with 6 devices
• 6 data packets transmitted in 8 frames…just 2 idle frames !!
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Experimental validation: IoTWorld
IoTWorld Testbed @ CTTC (Zigbee part)
Frame slotted-ALOHA (5 slots, 5 devices) DQ(5 slots, 5 devices)
DQ(5 slots, 10 devices)
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Current Status and Prospects• Extensively validated at the simulation level: LTE, WiFi, WBAN, 3G.
• A. Laya, C. Kalalas, F. Vazquez-Gallego, L. Alonso, and J. Alonso-Zarate, “Goodbye, ALOHA!“, IEEE Access, no. 99, April 2016 (OPEN ACCESS)
• A. Laya, L. Alonso, and J. Alonso-Zarate, "Contention Resolution Queues for Massive Machine TypeCommunications in LTE," in proc. of the IEEE PIMRC, Workshop on Machine-to-Machine Communications, July 2015.
• A. Laya, L. Alonso, and J. Alonso-Zarate, "Efficient Contention Resolution in Highly Dense LTE Networks forMachine-Type Communications", in Proc. of to IEEE Globecom 2015, December 2015.
• A. Laya, L. Alonso, J. Alonso-Zarate, “Is the Random Access Channel of LTE and LTE-A Suitable for M2M Communications? A Survey of Alternatives”, IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, Special Issue on Machine-to-Machine Communications, vol. 16, issue 1, Jan 2014.
• Research projects:• Advanced Communications and Information processing in smart grid systems
(FP7-607774), ADVANTAGE, Jan 2014 - Dec 2017.• Virtual Small Cells for Spectral and Energy Efficient Communications in 5G
Networks (TEC2014-60130-P), CELLFIVE, Jan 2015 – Dec. 2017.• Potential application areas:
• Next generation cellular communications (MMC-Massive Machine Communications, 3GPP, 5G, RACH-LTE-A).
• Evolution of Wi-Fi / short-range communication standards (amendments). • RFID…
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20CONFIDENTIAL
CONCLUDING REMARKS
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Concluding remarks
• Presented research work @ CTTC on:• Advanced waveform and transceiver design based on FBMC• Novel MAC protocols for massive random access (DQ)
• Extensively validated via simulations and/or prototyping/product development.
• Outcome of publicly-funded research projects and/or industrial contracts.
• Widely described in publications from the literature.• Ready for standardization work / additional product development?
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THANKS FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION !
Carles Antón-Haro, PhD, MBADirector of R&D Programmes, Senior Research AssociateCentre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de CatalunyaParc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 708860 Castelldefels (Barcelona) - SPAIN
[email protected] Tel: +34.93.645.29.23
QUESTIONS ?