Advanced Hillshading and Layer Tinting Techniques
Advanced methods to create the hillshade
• Swiss method
• MDOW method
• Combining the methods
Swiss hillshade
What this method does is to create two new rasters from the input DEM. The DEM and the two new rasters are used together in the final display.
Explanation of Swiss effect
• “Emphasizes the major geographic features, minimizes the minor features, smoothes irregularities on the slopes, but maintains the rugged characteristics of ridge tops and canyon bottoms…You can then simulate an aerial perspective that makes the higher elevations lighter and the lower elevations darker.”– Barnes, D. 2002. “Using ArcGIS to Enhance Topographic
Presentation”, Cartographic Perspectives 42: 5-11.
Default hillshadeDefault hillshade
Raster calculator gridRaster calculator grid
Median filter gridMedian filter grid
Displaying the Swiss hillshade
Layer tinted DEMLayer tinted DEM
Combined rastersCombined rasters
With bathymetryWith bathymetry
Multi-Directional Oblique Weighting
Explanation of MDOW method
• "Traditional computer-generated shaded-relief maps emphasize structures that happen to be obliquely illuminated, but wash out structures that are illuminated along the structural grain. This … technique, which emphasizes oblique illumination on all surfaces, provides more detail in areas of an image that would otherwise be illuminated by direct light or left in darkness by a single source illumination.“ This model was developed by Dr. Robert Mark, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 94025.
MDOW hillshadeMDOW hillshade
Combining methods
• Order of rasters
• Transparency of rasters
• Other settings
All of the rasters togetherAll of the rasters together
• Swiss Hillshade model
• MDOW model
Models to create the hillshades
Symbolizing the hillshades
• Resampling Method
• Transparency Settings
• Effects Toolbar
Symbolizing the hillshades
• Color ramps
• Modify the color ramp colors
• Create a custom color ramp
• Save the color ramp to a style
Elevation (layer) tints
• Creating a custom color ramp
• Stretching the color ramp
• Setting the No Data values
Demo
Style Manager
Contents of a style• Reference Systems• Maplex Labels• Shadows• Area Patches• Line Patches• Labels• North Arrows• Scale Bars• Legend Items• Scale Texts• Color Ramps• Borders• Backgrounds• Colors• Vectorization Settings• Fill Symbols• Line Symbols• Marker Symbols• Text Symbols• Hatches
Color Selector
• RGB
• CMYK
• HSV
Advanced Selection
• RGB - red, green, blue
• CMYK - cyan, magenta, yellow, black
• HSV - hue, saturation, value
• Gray - gray shade ramp
• Names - ArcInfo color names
Cyan
BLU
E -
z
y - GREEN
RED - x
Yellow
Magenta
White(255,255,255)
Black(0,0,0)White(0,0,0)
Blue
Black(255,255,255)
GreenMagenta
Red
RGB
Cyan
BLU
E -
z
y - GREEN
RED - x
Yellow
White(255,255,255)
Black(0,0,0)
RGB CMYK
• For computer screens and television monitors
• For electrostatic and ink-jet plotters that deposit pigment on paper
Black
Green120° Yellow
Red0°
Blue240°
HUE
SATURATION
100% White
VA
LU
EMagenta
HSV
• When you want to change one component of color
Cyan180°
0% 100%
Tips for working with color
• Custom colors are displayed on the color palette
• Right click a color to see its name
• Use a null color to turn off outline drawing or create transparent areas in your symbols
• The Eyedropper Tool lets you identify the RGB values of colors on your map
Color ramps
• Algorithmic color ramp
• Color models
Graphic list of color ramps
List of color ramp names
Algorithms for color ramps
• HSV
• CIE Lab
• Lab LCh
•
• Knowledge Base articles – 17221 – How are the algorithms for color ramps in ArcMap
different?– 22539 – How to create or edit an algorithmic color ramp
Black
Green120° Yellow
Red0°
Blue240°
HUE
SATURATION
100% White
VA
LU
E
Magenta
HSV
Linear traverse of color space between two colors
Cyan180°
0% 100%
Smooth progression from Color 1 to Color 2
CIE Lab – close to human color sensitivity
xx
yy
Similar to the human optic system
Lab Lch
Blue-yellowtinting
Blue-yellowtinting