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CSP RESEARCH IN FRANCE
AlainFERRIERE
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The solar resource for CSP inFrance: good for research and
demonstration projects
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CSP research institutions andprivate sector actors
CNRS: national center for scientific research
CEA: atomic energy commission
Universities: Perpignan, Montpellier, Pau, Savoie
Mines ParisTech, EMAC Albi-Carmaux
EDF
AREVA
TOTAL
GDF-SUEZ
CNIM
EXOSUN
SOLAR EUROMED
ENERTIME
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Worldwide reference CSP technologies
Parabolic trough + Thermal Oil: 98 % of the market410 MW in US, 900 MW in Spain
Linear Fresnel collectors + Direct Steam Generation
Novatec 1,5 MW (+30 MW in construction)
Tower + Direct Steam GenerationBright Source (Ivanpah 330 MW in construction),
E-Solar (5 MW demo)
Tower + Molten saltsTorresol (Gemasolar 20 MW)
Solar Reserve (projected)
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Objective = cost reduction + lowenvironmental impact
Innovation in components
Innovation in system design and integration
Increase in size of units
Volume production
17.2
6.7
12.7
5.0
0
5
10
15
20
c e n t s / k W h
Seville, Spain2000 kWh/ma
Desert climate2700 kWh/ma
CSP cost reduction
Today2020
0.14
0.17
0.30
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Relative costreduction
Technical
innovation
Scaling of unitsize beyond 50MW
Volumeproduction
0.61
(50400 MW e)
(+600 MW e /an)
Source: ECOSTAR, 2005
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Solar collectors Reflective materials increased reflectance (>94%)
Protective films increased lifetime (>20 years) Motors and drivers strength, reliability, diagnosis
New optical designs higher optical efficiency
Cost target: < 150 /m 2
Heliostat Sener
PCHA (PSA CIEMAT)
Eurotrough
Ganged heliostats
Multi-towersBrightSource (USA) / Luz II (IL)E-solar (USA)
(Source: BrigthSource)
Heliostat Luz II WIS
Beam-down Sener (E), WIS (IL)
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Solar receivers HT materials: SiC T > 800 C
New concepts: volumetric, plane, channels enhanced heat transfers ( h > 90 %) Selective coatings a sol > 96%, e < 6%
Source: ENEA
Source: DLR
Source: SCHOTT
Pressurized air solar receivers RS-PEGASE SICSOL
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?
Buffer thermal storage0.5 h
X . 10 MWhflux density (250 kW.m -2)
Production thermal storageSeveral hours
X 102 MWhY 104 Tons
MW50
40
30
20
10
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
To storage
Solar electricity
Fossil back-up Fromstorage
Thermal energy storage (1/3)
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Thermal energy storage (2/3) Materials: PCM, glass, ceramics, ionic liquids
Systems: 1 tank (+filler), 2 tanks
Concepts: heat exchanger/storage
Reversible chemical reactions (long term storage)
Cost target: 40 b15 MWh_th
Source: Abengoa Solar
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Materials
Valorization of industrial waste materials
Abestos recoveringCast
GlassPlasma torch@ 1400C
In France250 000Tons/year
8 /ton
Research project (ANR Solstock): utilization of abestos waste (patent 2009)
Cofalit (neutral)
Ceramics
Materials HT
Ceramics
Molten salts Cofalit
r Cp[kJ/(m 3 K)]
3 030 1 300 3 900 2 680
l [W/(m K)] 1.35 0.2 2
Price[/ton]
4500 500-700 8
Thermal energy storage (3/3)
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System design and integrationComponents integration
Thermal energy storageHybridizationCSP + dessalinationCSP + industrial process heat /
heating and cooling
System analysisOptimal designPerformance evaluationDry cooling
Control and operationAssistance for operation
Energy production optimizationEconomical optimization
Environmental and social impactsLife cycle analysis
Power plant & dessalinationplant in Fujeirah (Emirats
Arabes Unis) (MSF RO:378500 m 3/jour)
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The PEGASE project
Increased conversion efficiency: 20 % 25 - 30 %Solar field efficiency 70 %
Solar receiver efficiency 80 %
Power block efficiency (CC) 55 %
Solar-electric conversion efficiency 30 %
Reduced water consumption from 30 % to 60 %according
to capacity
Firm capacity and dispatchable electricity
High potential for cost reduction (< 10 c/kWh in 2020)
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The PEGASE project
107 heliostats
in operation(5800 m 2)
Project status 10/2011
Receiver technologyselected (CNRS/CEA)
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