Addressing to Climate ChangeIssue Brief
The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan (FEPC)November 2015
1
About Us➢ Electricity supply in Japan is carried out by privately-owned independent regional electric power companies
and close cooperation among these companies is essential for efficient operations. In 1952, the nine electric power companies established the Federation of Electric Power Companies (FEPC) to promote smooth operations within the industry.
➢ Since then, FEPC has played an important role as a base for close communication between the electric power companies and as a forum for exchanging views to create the electric power industry of the future. Moreover, FEPC undertakes various activities to ensure stable operations of the electric power industry, with an awareness of its role in the energy industry of Japan.
➢ With the return of Okinawa to Japan in 1972, the Okinawa Electric Power Company rejoined Japan’s electric power industry, becoming an FEPC member in March 2000.
The Ten Electric Power Companies by Service Area
2
Basic Approaches to Climate Change
n Voluntary Approaches
➢ Industries institute voluntary approaches because services providers are in the best position to understand the actual state of each business. This enables the establishment and execution of effective measures and the achievement of cost-performance taking account of technical trends and other management elements.
n Simultaneous Achievement of 3Es on the Basic Premise of S (S+3Es)
➢ Resource-poor Japan is dependent on imports for 95% of its primary energy supply; even if nuclear energy is included in domestic energy, dependency is still at 94%.
➢ Thus, Japan’s energy supply structure is extremely vulnerable. Following the two oil crises in the 1970s, Japan has diversified its energy sources through increased use of nuclear energy, natural gas and coal, as well as the promotion of energy efficiency and conservation. Despite these improvements, oil still accounts for approximately 40% of Japan’s primary energy supply, and nearly 90% of imported oil comes from the politically unstable Middle East. Moreover, although Japan has one of the highest proportions of electricity demand in total energy demand at over 40%, prospects for importing electricity from neighboring countries are very poor because Japan is an island nation. In addition, there is an urgent need for global warming countermeasures such as reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from the use of energy.
➢ As such, given conditions in Japan, providing the best mix of power sources able to achieve energy security, economy and environmental conservation (3Es) at the same time, all premised on safety (S), is extremely important for the supply of electricity.
Energy security
Economy Environmental conservation
Safety
n Supply- and demand-side efforts
➢ Promoting both supply- and demand-side efforts towards the realization of a low carbon society.
• Using nuclear power with safety as a major premise
• Using renewable energy • Improving efficiency of thermal power• Development of innovative technology
• Provide energy conservation and CO2emission reduction services that contribute to realization of a low carbon society
• Development of innovative technology
Supply side Demand side
a low carbon society
3
Promotion of the Action Plan for Achieving a Low Carbon Society
n Action Plan for a Low Carbon Society of Electric Power Industry
➢ The 10 member companies of the Federation of Electric Power Companies, together with the Electric Power Development Co., Ltd., the Japan Atomic Power Company and 23 Power Producers and Suppliers (PPSs) collaborating on a volunteer basis, established the Action Plan for a Low Carbon Society of Electric Power Industry and is taking the leading role in addressing climate change.
n Overview of the Action Plan for a Low Carbon Society of Electric Power Industry
Using nuclear power with safety as a major premise
Expanding the useof non-fossil
energy sourcesEfforts indomesticbusiness
operations
Strengthenedcooperationwith otherinterested
groups
Contributions atthe international
level
Developmentof innovativetechnologies
Improvingthe efficiency
of power facilities
Provide energyconservation and CO2
emission reduction services
Energy saving
Efforts byelectric power
industry as users
International efforts
Research anddevelopment
Improving the efficiency of thermal power
Provide energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction services in electricity retail field
Promoting high-efficiency electrical devices to enhance the efficient use of electricity
PR activities and providing information on energy-saving and CO2 reduction
Introducing smart meters for the efficient useof electricity
Efforts in office-use energy saving and the use of company-owned vehicles
Assisting developing countries to reduce carbon through international partnership (GSEP) activities
Low carbonization on a global scale through development and introduction of electric technology
R&D for use of nuclear power
Using renewable energies
Thermal power technology to reduce the environmental load
Countermeasures for large amount introduction of renewable energy
Development of technologies on the efficient use of energy
4
Efforts in domestic business operations
n CO2 emission reduction targets for 2020
➢ We will continue to strive for the realization of a low carbon society by promoting various initiatives to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission at both the demand and supply sides of electricity in light of an optimal combination of power sources, which fit together with simultaneous achievement of Energy Security, Economic Efficiency and Environmental Conservation, under the major premise of Safety (S+3Es).
➢ We estimate that CO2 emissions can be reduced by a maximum of approximately 7 Mt-CO2 by utilizing the economically achievable best available technologies (BATs) in accordance with the capacity of plants when building new thermal power plants.
Reference: CO2 reduction targets for 2030
➢ We set a nationwide emission factor target at approximately 0.37kg-CO2/kWh (end user).➢ We estimate that CO2 emissions can be reduced by a maximum of approximately 11 Mt-CO2 by utilizing
the economically achievable best available technologies (BATs) in accordance with the capacity of plants when building new thermal power plants.
n CO2 emission reductions achieved by adopting BATs in FY 2014
➢ Results from 12 electric power-related companies and PPS companies. (Includes results of PPS companies only in this section for this fiscal year.)❍ CO2 reduction achieved by adopting BATs at thermal power plants
• Annual CO2 reductions achieved by introducing highly efficient thermal power plants that began operations from FY 2013*1: approximately 3.8 Mt-CO2/year
• Primary electric power plants that began operations from FY 2013
Date Name of facility
December 2013 Unit No. 6, Hirono Thermal Power Plant, Tokyo Electric Power
December 2013 Unit No. 2, Hitachinaka Thermal Power Plant, Tokyo Electric Power
May 2014 Unit 2-2, Joetsu Thermal Power Plant, Chubu Electric Power
July 2014–March 2015 New units 4 to 6, Himeji No. 2 Thermal Power Plant, Kansai Electric Power
❍ CO2 reductions achieved with improved thermal efficiency at thermal power plants• Annual CO2 reductions achieved by renovating thermal power plants from FY 2013*2:
approximately 0.4 Mt-CO2/year• Primary initiatives since FY 2013
Date Name of facility Initiatives
July 2013 Unit No. 1, Tsuruga Thermal Power Plant, Hokuriku Electric Power
Replacement of high-and-intermediate pressure turbine (improved efficiency type)
September 2014 Unit No. 3, Kawagoe Thermal Power Plant, Chubu Electric
Replacement of gas turbine
March 2015 Unit No. 1, Yanai Thermal Power Plant, Chugoku Electric Power
Replacement of gas turbine
❍ Total reduction: approximately 4.2 Mt-CO2/year
*1: Comparison on the assumption that the high-efficiency thermal power plants that began operating from FY 2013 operate at an efficiency equivalent to the previous plants.
*2: Comparison to a case in which measures to improve efficiency are not taken from FY 2013.
5
Efforts in domestic business operations
CO2 emissions in FY 2014
FY 2014 FY 2013 (Reference)
Electric power consumption (TWh) 823 849
CO2 emissions (Mt-CO2) 456 484
CO2 emission factors user end electricity (kg-CO2/kWh)
0.554 0.570
Note: CO2 emissions and emission factors reflected the Feed-in Tariff, etc.
Reference
373 365 417
332 301 317
409 415 484 456
0.423 0.410
0.453
0.373 0.351 0.350
0.476
0.487
0.570 0.554
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
CO2em
ission factors (kg‐CO
2/kW
h)
CO2em
issions (M
t‐CO
2)
CO2排出量CO2排出…CO2 emissions (right scale)CO2 emission factors (left scale)
Reflects credit, etc.
(Fiscal year)
Trend in CO2 emissions and emission factors
Note: CO2 emissions and emission factors in FY 2008–2014 reflected the Kyoto Mechanism credits and the Feed-in Tariff, etc.
Reference
6
Efforts in domestic business operations
27.3 27.8 28.9 32.0 32.3 34.0 34.6 35.6 36.8 34.5 34.3 34.6 31.225.7 29.1 30.8 30.5 25.6 26.0 29.2 28.6
10.71.7 1.0 0.0
12.1 12.9 10.912.7 8.6
10.5 10.2 11.2 11.3 10.3 10.2 10.29.8
11.310.9 9.1 10.0
8.6 8.8 9.4 9.7
10.4
10.0 10.7 12.2
9.7 10.3 11.212.2 12.7
13.7 14.215.0 14.9 16.7 18.4 20.5 22.2
24.024.7 25.6 24.5
25.3 25.2 24.9 25.0
25.0
27.6 30.3 31.0
22.223.1 22.7
22.5 22.622.3 23.3
24.0 24.6 26.226.4 26.8 26.6 27.9
25.7 23.7 25.9 27.4 28.3 29.429.3
39.542.5
43.2 46.228.6
25.9 26.320.6
23.819.5 17.7
14.2 12.3 12.310.7 7.9 10.2 11.2
9.7 10.8 9.1 13.211.7 7.1
7.5
14.418.3 14.9 10.6
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Electricity
outpu
t (TW
h)
(Fiscal year)
Oil LNG Coal Hydro, etc. Nuclear
Lowest record
NuclearPower
TotalThermalPower87.8%
910.1
Highest record
Trend in power generation volume by source
Note 1: Total of 10 electric power companies, including power purchased from other companies. Oil includes LPG and other gasses.
Note 2: Figures within the graph represent the composition ratio (%), which may not add up to 100% due to rounding.
Reference
➢ Because Japan relies on imported energy resources for most of its power, there is a pursuit for a good balance of sources rather than depending on only one.
➢ The structure changed greatly after the long-term suspension of nuclear power triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake.
7
Efforts in domestic business operations
Analysis and evaluation of CO2 emissions in FY 2014
Comparison with previous fiscal year
Reference
➢ Nuclear power plant usage rates fell further in FY 2014 from FY 2013 rates as a result of the long-term suspension of nuclear power plants following the Great East Japan Earthquake, reaching 0% for the first time since nuclear power plants began operating for commercial purposes. <1>
➢ At the same time, renewable energy is being introduced, <2> and as a percentage of non-fossil fuel energy, it is about the same as in the previous fiscal year. <1+2>
➢ Thermal power plants began operating as a primary alternative energy source to nuclear power to ensure energy capacity after the earthquake. The amount of thermal power generated as a percentage of total power generated has been unchanged since FY 2012 (past maximum level). <3>
➢ Cutting edge, highly efficient thermal power is being introduced, raising thermal efficiency for thermal power overall. <4>
CO2 emission factor in FY 2014: 0.554kg-CO2/kWhDecrease of 2.8% over FY 2013 (0.016kg-CO2/kWh)
FY 2013 FY 2014Increase or Decrease
Nuclear power [TWh]Utilization factor [%]
9.3 (1.0%)2.3%
0 (0%)0%
-9.3-2.3%
Hydroelectric power and others [TWh]
100.4 (10.7%) 111.3 (12.2%) +10.9
Total non-fossil fuel [TWh] 109.7 (11.7%) 111.3 (12.2%) +1.6
Total thermal power [TWh]
Thermal efficiency (LHV*) [%]
830 (88.3%)
45.3%
798.7 (87.8%)
46.1%
-31.3
+0.8%
Total [TWh] 939.7 910.1 -29.6
*LHV: lower heating valueNote: Parentheses indicate percentage of total power generation
1
2
4
1+2
3
8
Efforts in domestic business operations
n Using nuclear power with safety as a major premise
➢ We will take extensive safety measures based on the lessons and knowledge acquired from the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. We will go beyond the regulatory standards and take independent and ongoing steps to improve safety.
➢ We will provide careful explanations to gain the general public’s understanding including the local community where nuclear power plants are located. Once the individual plant’s safety has been confirmed and the plant operations are restarted, we will strive to safely and stably operate the plant.
n Initiatives for the improved safety of nuclear power
Impr
ovin
g sa
fety
and
relia
bilit
y
Emergency safety measures
• Secure power source
• Secure cooling• Preventing
inundationetc.
Reflecting the best practices and new knowledge of Japan
and abroadLed by JANSI
• Measures regarding electrical facilities on the premises
• Cooling• Measures regarding irrigation equipment• Containment failure• Hydrogen explosion countermeasures• Strengthening disaster prevention
measures• Response to external events
Before the accident
Immediately after the accident Now
Initiatives for safety at the world’s highest level
JANSI, a self-regulatory organization
Established by company leaders after expressing full
commitment
Preventing an accident similar to Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Plant
Highest level in the world
Further measures to improve safety
Countermeasures against natural disasters
Mountain fires Volcanos Tornados
• Double routing of external power source
• Power supply vehicles
Emergency station
Cooling measures
Fire engines and pump cars
Watertight doors, seawall
Tsunami countermeasures
Strengthening power source
• Underground structure survey
• Boring survey • Trench survey
Earthquake countermeasures
n Effects of CO2 emission reduction by nuclear power
➢ Estimated in accordance with total power source averages, the reduced CO2 emissions for nuclear energy (per 1 GW) amount to approximately 3.1 Mt-CO2 per year.
n Comparison of lifecycle CO2 emissions factor in Japan by energy sources
➢ Nuclear power has high energy density and excellent supply stability. Because it does not emit CO2 during power generation, using nuclear power under the premise of safety plays an important role in measures against climate change.
0.0790.043 0.123 0.098
0.864
0.695 0.4760.376
0.943
0.738
0.599
0.474
0.038 0.025 0.020 0.013 0.011 0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Combustion
Facility/Operation
CO2em
ission factors a
t transmiss
ion en
ds
(kg‐CO
2/kW
h)
Source: Report by Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
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Efforts in domestic business operations
n Using renewable energy
➢ Electric utilities develop hydro, geothermal, solar PV*, wind, and biomass power generation.➢ We develop and popularizing renewable energy, connecting power from solar PV and wind power
generation facilities to the power grid based on feed-in tariffs.➢ Because the weather particularly causes great output fluctuation in solar PV and wind power generation,
a number of measures are necessary for mass connection to the power grid. As a solution, efforts are also underway towards the development and installation of a new type of systems control.
* PV: photovoltaic
n Effects of CO2 emission reduction by renewable energy for FY 2014 (estimate)
Type of energyPower generation volume (actual)
(TWh/year)Annual effects of CO2 emission reduction
(Mt-CO2/year)
Hydro (excludes PSPP*) 65 Approx. 34
Geothermal 2.4 Approx. 1.2
Biomass 0.37 Approx. 0.4
Solar PV 0.089 Approx. 0.05
Wind 0.034 Approx. 0.02
*PSPP: pumped storage power plant
➢ For renewable energy, it is important to maintain maximum use while considering technical and location potential, and decisively reducing costs through technical innovation.
Advantages Disadvantages
•Domesticallyproducedenergy•Noworryofdepletion•Lowenvironmentalimpactandother
•Highcost•Outputfluctuation•Sitingproblems(hugeamountofland,limitedlocations)
and other
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Efforts in domestic business operations
n Countermeasures for output fluctuation of solar PV and wind generation
➢ The weather impacts output fluctuation in solar PV and wind power generation. Output variation measures are needed in order to supply power with stable voltage and frequency.
n Development of next-generation supply and demand control systems
➢ We will reflect the results of output projections at solar PV power plants and others in power generation plans, and research and develop next-generation supply/demand control systems that combine existing power generators and storage batteries to optimize supply/demand and frequency control in actual operations.
Hz
50 51 49
Supply (electricity output)
Demand (consumption)
Solar PV power
First, the accumulation and analysis of data regarding solar PV power output is
necessary.
Tracking and forecasting solar PV power output
Demand forecast for the next day
Amount of electricity output and consumption must be constant to prevent varied levels of output, which can affect the production process.
Technological development roadmap
Thermal power
Next generation supply and demand control system
(Issuing orders to the target power source for output adjustment)
Battery cells Hydropower (dam)
Developing high‐performance battery cells that can endure
frequent charging and discharging
Storing and analyzing data (Solar PV power output, etc.)
Developing forecasting technology for solar PV power
Developing a next‐generation supply and demand control system
n Initiatives aimed at expanding the adoption of wind power generation through the use of interregional transmission lines
➢ If the ability to make adjustments addressing fluctuations in the output of wind power generation in a particular area is inadequate, we are considering expanding the adoption of wind power generation by using interregional transmission lines and the adjustment capacity of areas with relatively substantial system capacity.
Kyushu
Chugoku Kansai
Shikoku
Chubu
Respond to expansion in wind power by utilizing the ability of other companies to make
adjustments
Hokuriku
Companies with leeway in their adjustment capacity
Tokyo
Tohoku
Hokkaido
Make adjustments
Make adjustments
Make adjustments
Make adjustments
11
Efforts in domestic business operations
n Higher efficiency thermal power generation
➢ Introduce high-efficiency facilities when aged thermal power plants are replaced and new facility is adopted ⇒ In FY 2014, a total of approximately 4.8 GW in cutting-edge high-efficiency thermal plants were introduced. ➢ Appropriate maintenance of existing facility ⇒ Thermal efficiency of thermal power plants was 46.1% in FY 2014 (LHV: lower heating value), up 0.8%
over FY 2013 (45.3%).
n Implementation of the economically achievable best available technologies (BATs)
➢ While taking into account a variety of factors in a comprehensive manner, we will implement BATs in accordance with the capacity of the plants❍ Implementation of LNG combined cycle generation
•Achievedroughly60%(LHV)oftheworld’shigheststandardofthermalefficiency.(2014,FY-end)Going forward, we will work to plan and construct a combined cycle power generation of the world’s highest standards with thermal efficiency of higher than 60%.
❍ Implementation of high-efficiency equipment such as ultra-super-critical thermal power generation•Forbetterthermalefficiency,weareimprovingsteamconditions(temperature,pressure)andhavenow
installed a state-of-the-art 600°C-class ultra super critical (USC) coal-fired power generation.•Inconjunctionwithhighefficiency,weplantoexpandtheuseofcoaltypesbydevelopingand
installing a 1200°C-class integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) that can use coal with a low-ash melting point that is difficult to use in conventional coal-fired power generation.
n Trends in thermal efficiency of thermal power generation
➢ In addition to the introduction of high-efficiency thermal power plants, even amidst aging of the plants due to increased firing after the Great East Japan Earthquake, rigorous operational management maintained the thermal efficiency of thermal power.
n Trends in thermal efficiency of thermal power plants
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010(Fiscal year)
(%)
Gross thermal efficiency（maximum designed value）
Gross thermal efficiency（actual average）
48.6
55.6 (1999)
51.8
59.0 (2007)60.0 (2013)
46.1(2014)
Thermal efficien
cy (LHV
)
Source: Japan Electric Utilities Handbook, etc.* LHV (lower heating value) is estimated based on the HHV (higher heating value) using the conversion factor of explanation of the comprehensive
energy statistics (2010 revised edition).
12
Efforts in domestic business operations
Thermal efficien
cy (LHV
)
USA
India
Japan
China
Germany
South Africa
Korea
Russia
EU (27)
World Average
(Year)
(%)
26%
28%
30%
32%
34%
36%
38%
40%
42%
44%
46%
Thermal efficien
cy (LHV
)
(Year)
Japan
UK and Ireland
Northern Europe
France
Germany
USA
China
India
South Korea
Australia
(%)
International comparison of thermal efficiency of coal-fired thermal power plants
International comparison of thermal efficiency of thermal power plants
To date, coal-fired power in Japan has stably maintained the world’s highest level of efficiency
Thermal efficiency of thermal power generation in Japan, through the installment of highly efficient equipment and commitment to appropriate operation and maintenance, stably continues to maintain the world’s highest standards.
Source: Report “Comprehensive Evaluation of Voluntary Action Plan compiled by study group” (April 2014)* Gross thermal efficiency (LHV based). Includes private power generation and CHP (Combined Heat and Power).
Excludes peat power. (calculated from IEA statistics)
Sources: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF FOSSIL POWER EFFICIENCY AND CO2 INTENSITY, 2015 (Ecofys)* Thermal efficiency is the gross generating efficiency based on the weighted averages of efficiencies for coal, oil and gas
(LHV based).* Comparisons are made after converting Japanese data (higher heating value standard) to lower heating value standard,
which is generally used overseas. The figures based on lower heating value are around 5–10% higher than the figures based on higher heating value.
* Private power generation facilities, etc. not covered.* Figure is based on fiscal year for Japan.
Reference
Reference
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Efforts in domestic business operations
n Provide energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction services that contribute to realize a low carbon society
➢ Based on customers’ needs in a low carbon society, we will make an effort to provide energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction services in power retailing.❍ Specific initiatives
• Use web sites to provide customers with information on energy conservation, such as “Checkpoints for Energy Conservation” and “How to Use and Select Home Appliances”
• Distribute calendars and household account books containing energy-saving ideas, and introduce customers to energy-saving ideas for the home tailored to each season
• Hold exhibits with energy-saving proposals and seminars on energy conservation, and provide education on environmental energy
• Visit customers to measure the current of electric equipment and give advice on contracts and conservation
• Provide environmental education to employees through environmental trainer programs and e-learning
Power source configuration and CO2 emission factors of major countries and regions
* Figures from 2013* Japanese figures include private power generating equipment* Figures include CHP plants (thermoelectric supply)* FEPC calculations based on IEA, Energy Balances of OECD Countries 2015 Edition/Energy Balances of Non-OECD
Countries 2015 Edition
Reference
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Strengthened cooperation with other interested groups
n Popularization of high-efficiency equipment for efficient use of energy
➢ Reducing CO2 emissions and conserving energy through “hot water” in the home is extremely effective against climate change, as it makes up roughly 30% of energy consumed in the residential sector.
➢ “Eco Cute,” a heat pump hot water heater using CO2 as the refrigerant, has advanced energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction features. We are working together in a collaboration between the private sector and the government to popularize this hot water heater as a key measure in countering climate change in the civil sector.
➢ We will actively promote the use of heat pump technology for higher efficiency of air conditioners for commercial use and other equipment.
n Installation of smart meters
➢ From the viewpoint of controlling peak hours from the customer’s side and using electricity more efficiently, we commit to the government goal of installing smart meters in all homes and all factories by the early 2020s.
n Plans to adopt smart meter Figures in table are plans in low-pressure sector (as of July 2015)
Hokkaido Tohoku Tokyo Chubu Hokuriku Kansai Chugoku Shikoku Kyushu Okinawa
Start of full-scale adoption
Started Started Started Started Started Started April 2016 Started April
2016April 2016
Adoption complete
End of FY 2023
End of FY 2023
End of FY 2020
End of FY 2022
End of FY 2023
End of FY 2022
End of FY 2023
End of FY 2023
End of FY 2023
End of FY 2024
Effect of wider use of heat pumps in reducing greenhouse gases
Smart meter scheme example
Reference
Reference
➢ According to the Report on the Effect of Wider Use of Heat Pumps in Reducing Greenhouse Gases (August 2015), issued by the Heat Pump & Thermal Storage Technology Center of Japan, greenhouse gases (converted to CO2) could be reduced by 48.3 Mt-CO2/year by FY 2030 (compared to FY 2012) if the boilers used to provide heat in the civil sector (households and business sector) and industrial sector were replaced by heat pump equipment.
➢ The new metering system allows metering-related tasks and opening and closing of the meter to be performed remotely via an optical fiber network covering the entire area, by integrating telecommunications functions in the electricity meters in the homes. The system can measure the electricity consumption of a household every 30 minutes, and the data can be used for sophisticated purposes such as improving the efficiency and safety of on-site work and the speed of recovery from a power cut, improving energy consulting, and streamlining the configuration of facilities by analyzing the electricity consumption pattern of customers.
System overview
15
Contributions at the international level
n Assisting developing countries to reduce carbon through international partnership (GSEP) activities
➢ Electric utilities participated in GSEP,*1 a public/private partnership cooperation*1: Global Superior Energy Performance Partnership
➢ In October 2014, the Third GSEP Workshop was held with the aim of sharing best practices for power generation, transmission and distribution and demand management technology in Mongolia. At the Ulaanbaatar Thermal Power Plant No.4 (coal) that we visited, Japan’s electronic power companies in particular checked equipment and analyzed operations data, and presented proposals for improvements to operations and maintenance (peer review).
➢ We will continue to contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions on a global scale through the activities of GSEP in the action plan for achieving a low carbon society.*2
*2: In July 2015, the Fourth GSEP Workshop was held in Turkey. Similarly, Japanese electric power companies took a central role in carrying out peer reviews of coal-fired thermal power plants.
UlaanbaatarThermal Power Plant No.4
Confirmation of condition of equipment on site
Discussions
➢ Results of diagnosis (reference) ❍ It was confirmed that repair and operation systems have been developed using Japan and other
countries as a reference. ❍ Japan recommended that inspection rounds be augmented and that remaining life diagnosis be
improved, and the participants agreed that these proposals would help to reduce start-up losses resulting from unplanned stoppages and would maintain and improve thermal efficiency.
229 Mt-CO2
Reference:USA and Japan shown again from left diagram
USAChina India Other
(Asia)Japan
Emerging countries
Total for assessedregions Developed countries
Effects of installing high efficiency plant
Effects of operational repair improvement (New and replaced facilities)
Effects of operational repair improvement (Existing facilities)
Ann
ual C
O2
redu
ctio
n po
tent
ial
(mill
ion
t-CO
2/yea
r)
CO2 emission reduction potential through operation and maintenance (O&M)
Source: Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE) “Evaluation of coal-fired CO2 reduction potential for major countries: effects of operational repair and new establishment (August 2014)”
* Studied measures: Assuming the installation of immediate USC and power generation efficiency equipment equivalent to a 1500°C-class IGCC in 2030
Reference
Potential for reductions (total for all regions) through O&M in key countries is estimated to be 229 Mt-CO2 in 2020.
CO2 reductions when taking countermeasures (compared to base case, 2020)
16
Contributions at the international level
n Other low carbon assistance through overseas activities
➢ In order to contribute to the reduction of CO2 and the conservation of energy overseas, we provide overseas projects and consulting, making use of accumulated experience, know-how and high technology accumulated through domestic business activities.
Indonesia• Gundih Gas Field CCS project
in Indonesia (JCM feasibility study)
• FY 2014 project to promote spread of technology addressing climate change (NEDO)
Mexico• Energy conservation project
for business and industrial sectors (JCM feasibility survey)
• FY 2014 project to promote spread of technology addressing climate change (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry)
Serbia • Energy management system
expansion support project
Bangladesh• CCGT power generation
project (MRV application survey project)
• FY 2014 project to promote spread of technology addressing climate change (NEDO)
Thailand• Participation in wind power
and solar PV power generation business
Note: Only projects selected in FY 2014 are listed here.
17
Development of innovative technologies
Supply side
R&D for use of nuclear power➢ Japanese and foreign cutting-edge technology and knowledge will be rapidly incorporated,
every effort made to ensure safety at nuclear power plants and the world’s highest level of safety pursued. In addition, measures to demolish the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station will be taken safely and promptly. Through these means, the public’s trust will be restored and a stable supply of electric power can be ensured.
Thermal power technology to reduce the environmental load ➢ In terms of ensuring energy security and preserving the environment, coal, which is
advantageous for its stable supply and affordability, will be used efficiently and technology to reduce the environmental load will be developed.
<Example of thermal power technology that reduces environmental load> Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC), CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology
Countermeasures for large amount introduction of renewable energy➢ Research and development will be pursued with government cooperation, such as
examining the negative impact on the overall power network from the large-scale adoption of solar PV power and measures to stabilize the system utilizing storage cells.
Demand side
Development of technologies on the efficient use of energy➢ Technology for efficient electricity usage
• RegardingtheEcoCuteCO2 refrigerant heat pump water heater developed to date, we will develop technologies for higher efficiency in order to further promote environmental protection through energy conservation and CO2 emission reduction.
• Forotherheatpumptechnology,thermalstorage,andstorageutilizationtechnologies,we will also make efforts in higher efficiency and downsizing.
➢ Technologies that contribute to improved convenience for customers• Comparedwithgasolinerunvehicles,electricvehiclescanreduceCO2 emissions and
are highly environmental. The electric utility industry too is making efforts in improving convenience through test runs, developing chargers, and standardizing rapid chargers for use in Japan and abroad. Meanwhile, it is promoting the use of electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid cars for its commercial vehicles.
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The Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan Keidanren-kaikan, 1-3-2 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8118, Japan Tel. 03-5221-1440 (Public Relations Department) http://www.fepc.or.jp/
