Adapted from Susan M. Pojer
The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty
•Land•Reparations•War Guilt•League of
Nations•Military
Restrictions
The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty
• German army reduced
• Germany barred from having tanks, an air force, or submarines
• Occupied DMZ west of the Rhineland
Map showing German territory lost and the Rhineland DMZ
The Versailles TreatyThe Versailles Treaty
Although President
Wilson was the driving
force behind the creation
of the League of Nations, the United
States did not join it.
The League of NationsThe League of Nations
The “Stab-In-The-Back” TheoryThe “Stab-In-The-Back” Theory
German soldiers are German soldiers are dissatisfied.dissatisfied.
The Great DepressionThe Great Depression
Economic
• economic functions controlled by state corporations or state
Cultural
• Censorship• Indoctrination• Secret police
Social• Supported by
middle class, industrialists and military
Chief Examples
• Italy
• Spain
• Germany
Political
• nationalist
• racist (Nazism)
• One-party rule
• Supreme leader
Basic principles•Authoritarianism•State more important than the individual
•Charismatic leader•Action oriented
Characteristics of Fascism
Italy
Dictator Benito Mussolini addresses his followers
Rise of the Nazis
• Germany’s economic woes
• Political instability
• Fascism• National
Socialist German Workers’ Party
Adolf Hitler
The Nazis promoted a
view of Germany as surrounded by enemies
and threatened on all sides
Hitler sworn in as Chancellor, 1933
The Nazis Gain Power
Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Italy Attacks Ethiopia, 1935
Emperor Emperor Haile Haile
SelassieSelassie
IlIlDuceDuce
Germany Rearms
German troops march back into the Rhineland, March 1936
Hitler and MussoliniRome-Berlin Axis
Signing of Tripartite pact to form the Axis Alliance
Building an Axis
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
The Spanish Civil War: 1936 - 1939
Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco
The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?
The Spanish Civil War:A Dress Rehearsal for WWII?
Italian troops in Madrid
Italian troops in Madrid
The Destruction of Guernica