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Defence iQ - Surface Warships Conference
London - 25/26 January 2017
Adaptable and Ready
Training & Simulation for Surface Warships
Andy FawkesPixabay
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My Background
• Royal Corps Naval Constructors
• 1985 – SSBN Main Machinery Project
• 1990 – Taught Naval Nuclear Engineering
• 2000 – MoD Lead for Simulation Policy
• 2006 – Chair NATO Modelling & Simulation Group
• 2012 – Consultant and BISim Academic Outreach
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Little Warning
• Wide Subject
• May Stray beyond Maritime
• A Lot of Slides!
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Will Consider…
• Inspirations
• A Little History
• Simulation Now
• Why Simulation?
• Other Training Technologies
• Are Humans Redundant?
• Simulation and Decision Support/C2
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Human Factors and
Training often the
Last Among Equals
in Defence Procurement
Wikimedia
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Training is an Essential Component of
Military Capability
UK MoD Defence Lines of Development:
• Training
• Equipment
• Personnel
• Information
• Concepts and Doctrine
• Organisation
• Infrastructure
• Logistics
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Training Requirement
Better
Faster
Cheaper
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Drivers
Less Certainty
Less People
More Autonomous Systems
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Adaptability
People
Digital
Metal
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People are the Most Adaptable
Component of Military Capability
Pixabay
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Some Inspirations
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source - http://youtu.be/va-4dicX8DA - International Spy Museum, Washington
Is this
Serious
?
Unforgettable?
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Sir Jock Stirrup
Chief of Defence Staff2007 RAeS Edwin Link Lecture
• “…the crew of a submarine when it is
submerged in many ways are already
operating in a virtual environment…”
• “…we can see emerging the fuzing of synthetic and real world environments
such that would be it would it make
increasingly difficult to distinguish
between training carried out in simulation
and the real thing.”
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A Little History
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Oldest Surviving Training Media
13th Century German Sword & Buckler Manual
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1812 - Kriegsspiel (lit: "war play")
• Key features:map grid; different terrain types; gaming pieces;
dice; fog of war and communication difficulties; impartial third
party referee
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1904 – Royal Navy Portsmouth
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Link Trainer (1940s)
YouTube
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UK Fleet Air Arm Link Trainer (1943)
Wikipedia
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Source - UK Urban Exploitation Forums - Crail Airfield [HMS Jackdaw/HMS Bruce/JSSL]
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1970s/80s Flight Simulation
Source - British Movietone/YouTube - 1972
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Naval Flight Simulation (1970s)
Phantom/HMS Ark Royal
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1990 - US Navy
Battle Force In-Port Training (BFIT)
YouTube
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Computer Games!
(2005)
Wikipedia
• Dangerous
Waters -
Sonalysts
Combat
Simulations
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Computer Games in Training - 2008
YouTube
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Digital Media Consumption
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Simulation Now
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Simulation/Gaming Now
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UK Type 45 Destroyer High-Detail Model
(300 Compartments)
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Boat Launch Training Simulation
• Correct launch sequence in model
• Integrate real control hardware
• Shore based training New crew members
Refresher training
• Sea based training Refresher training
Crew qualification
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Laser Shot - Boat Crew & Naval Gunnery Trainer
Wikimedia
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Navy Programs using VBS3
• PMA-205 F-18F Virtual Reality Part Task
Trainer Concept Demonstrator
• Naval Warfare Development Command
(NWDC) Full Motion Video Program on
Navy Continuous Training Environment
• US Navy Expeditionary Combat
Command – Boat Crew Gunnery Trainer
(Lasershot)
• NAVAIR - NGTS Integrated Pilot Stations
• Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) –
Electronic Warfare M&S
• Office of Naval Research (ONR) – Fleet
Integrated Synthetic Training Testing
Facility
• UK MOD/Royal Navy - Type 45 Destroyer
Simulation for use in amphibious
operations and ship familiarization,
small boat operations, and gunnery
training
• USMC – Full Enterprise License, DVTE,
Squad Level training, Amphibious
Operations Training
• US SOCOM - Seal training
• Australian Defense Force Warfare
Center - Basic submarine, torpedo,
Harpoon, air-to-air refueling
• Royal New Zealand Navy Close-In
Weapons System Trainer (CISW)
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Maritime & Beyond - Simulation Now
BISim VBS3/VBS Blue
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• Games are proven to work for
cognitive or “how to think” training.
• Games are not typically used to train
motor skills, eg. shooting a rifle.
When to use Games in Training?
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Unity
Image - Real Visual Ltd (for BAE Systems)
Simulation in
Acquisition
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UK Thursday War
Weekly war-fighting and damage control exercises
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNaRsFYSPP8
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UK Air Support to Defence Operational Training (ASDOT)
IOC - Q4 2019
Single Statement of User Need
• ‘The provision of live air support to Defence Force Elements in order to achieve the required Readiness States and operational assurance of Defence personnel and materiel’
Key User Requirements include:
• The User requires the ability train and assure its capability to exploit data in order to achieve shared situational awareness.
• The User requires the ability to plan, brief and debrief with ASDOT assets in an integrated and timely manner.
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Fire Fighting Simulator
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Why Simulation?
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Simulation is Safer
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Saves Money
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• Not affected by the Weather
• Less effect on the Environment
• Real Systems not Required
and…
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2010 – UK MoD SDSR Simulation Targets
• Step Change in Exploitation of Simulation for
More Cost Effective Training
• 25% Transfer Current Live Training to
Simulation by 2015
• Further 25% Current Live Training to
Simulation by 2020
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
2010 2015 2020
Simulation
Live
Example
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RN Maritime Composite Training System
Image - BAE Systems
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RN Maritime Composite Training System
An Alternative View
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Other Training Technologies
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loose definitions
• Simulation– Live – People in Instrumented Real World
– Virtual – People in Virtual World
– Constructive – Simulated People and World
• Virtual Reality– immersive multimedia through a computer-simulated
environment
• Augmented Reality– real-world augmented by computer-generated
sensory input
• Mixed Reality– merging of real and virtual worlds
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• Simulation/Visualisation can be rapidly adapted and exploited for mission training and rehearsal
COTS Rapidly Reconfigurable Simulation
Pix4DGoogle Earth VR
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Virtual
Reality
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Daqri Helmet
Augmented
Reality in
the
Workplace
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Wearables
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Not New
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Physical Tracking
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Learning Analytics
The measurement,
collection, analysis
and reporting of data
about learners and
their contexts, to
optimise learning and
the environments in
which it occurs
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Generational Factors?
• Digital Native
• Digital Settler
• Digital Immigrant
• Digital Omnivore
Credit - PwC
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Are Humans Redundant?
The Rise of Autonomous Systems
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Nothing new in the world..
Queen Bee Target Drone – 1930s/40s
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US Air Force Drone Missions
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US Navy X-47B Drone
US Navy Media Content Services
August
2014
April
2015
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Why Aircraft Carriers? - DARPA Tern Project (2016)
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RN’s Unmanned Warrior 2016
Planning Deployment Post Deployment
• 50 Unmanned Vehicles Demoed
• “The first RN exercise planned in the Cloud”
www.esriuk.com/unmannedwarrior
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Rolls-Royce
Remote-
Controlled
Ships Concept
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Non-Defence
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Games/Simulation Training AI
(Google DeepMind)
2015 2016
The Programs only see the Video Streams
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AI v Humans
– Strategy
Games
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So What?
Computers are being
programed to learn how to
play games, not how to
play games
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Pilot v Machine
(2016)
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Training
Autonomous
Systems in
Simulation
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(Humans) Learning to Drive
• Passing the driving test takes, on average, 45
hours of lessons• UK Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency
• The average new driver only feels truly
confident after clocking up more than 20,000
miles• Co-operative Insurance Research
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Computers still aren’t that clever
Google Street View
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AI in Games/Simulation can be Bad!
Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six: Vegas 2
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& Humans
might get
even
better…
The Guardian – 7 Nov 2016
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What About Simulation and Decision
Support/C2?
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A Metaphor for the Military
Images - Wikipedia
Training Mission Preparation
OperationsAnalysis
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Decision Making and Simulation
• Could simulation provide the channel
and destination for all military
operational data?
• Could such a simulation also support a
combined C2/simulation application(s),
providing shared situational awareness
and improved visualisation?
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Ender’s Game - 1985
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Ender’s Game Film - 2013
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Takeaways
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Modern Simulation is Adaptable and
can Support a Wide Range of
Training and Mission Rehearsal
• But, simulation capabilities should be managed on an enterprise level, and not stovepiped, to realise the full potential
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Advances in Artificial Intelligence
are Unceasing and Simulation has a
Significant Role to Play
• But, it AI is still very challenging and
success depends on where it is applied
• We must work towards the optimum
human/machine blend
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People will Remain Our Most
Adaptable Capability
• *************
Pixabay
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Questions?
Bohemia Interactive Simulations