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ACIDS, BASES, & THEIR
SOLUTIONS
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The pH Scale
Is a substance an acid or a base?
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ACIDS• a compound that increases the
number of hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
• tastes sour• An acid can change the color of
certain compounds
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What is an ion?
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained an electron giving it a positive (+) or
negative (-) charge.
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USES OF ACIDS• Citric & ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) =
orange juice• Carbonic & phosphoric acid give a “bite”
to soft drinks• Acids in your stomach aid in digestion• Sulfuric acid is the most widely used
industrial acid in the world. It’s used in making metals, paper, paints, and fertilizers.
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BASES• any compound that increases the
number of hydroxide ions (OH-) when mixed with water
• tastes bitter• feel slippery• A base can change the color of certain
compounds
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Uses of Bases• used in soaps (remember, bases
are slippery)• used to make paper, in oven
cleaners, and to unclog drains• Ammonia is a base and is used in
many household cleaners
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Detecting Acids and Bases
• You can detect an acid or a base using an indicator.
• INDICATOR - A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base.
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INDICATORS• Litmus paper is an indicator
An acid turns blue litmus paper redA base turns red litmus paper blue
• Cabbage juice can be used as an indicator.• pH paper- turns a color & then match it to
the pH scale given.• pH meter- will give you a number for the
solution.
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HOW DO WE MEASURE pH & WHAT IS pH?
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pH= stands for powers of Hydrogen.
---It’s a measure of the hydronium ion
concentration in a solution.
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ACID BASE
NEUTRAL
The pH Scale
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ACID BASE
NEUTRAL
The pH Scale
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Let’s see what you’ve learned!Mrs. Borras wants to
know what you’ve learned. Answer the following questions carefully.
DO NOT ANSWER OUT LOUD!!!!! Write it down.
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Question #1
• Lemon juice has a pH of 2.2. Is it an acid or a base?
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Question #2• Detergents
such as Tide have a pH of about 10. Is Tide an acid or a base?
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Question #3• Seawater has
a pH of 8.2. Is seawater an acid or a base?
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Question #4• The inside of
your mouth has a pH of 7. Is it an acid or a base?
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Question #5• How do you
think we came up with the term “acid rain”?
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Question #6• 409 cleaner
contains ammonia that has a pH of 12. What will 409 do to red litmus paper?
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Question #7• A soft drink
has a pH of 3.2. What will it do to a piece of red litmus paper?
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You’ve just completed Mrs.
Borras’ Quiz
Let’s see how you did!