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ACIDS, BASES, & SALTS
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ACIDSContain hydrogen ions, H+ also called hydronium ions, H3O+
Taste sour (remember not to taste chemicals as a rule)Dangerous to skinFormed from hydrogen and a non metal
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Acids - ExamplesHydrochloric acid HCl – cleans metals; stomach acidNitric acid HNO3 – component of fertilizerSulfuric acid H2SO4 – car batteries; plastics. This is the single most produced chemical.
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Acids - Examples
Lactic acid HC3H5O3 – milk, muscle crampsCitric or Ascorbic acid HC6H7O7 – fruit juice, flavored candyCarbonic acid H2CO3 – soda popAcetic acid HC2H3O2 – vinegar, photographic chemicals
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Bases, Alkalines, AntacidsContain hydroxide ions OH-
Taste bitterFeel slippery because they dissolve the fats in skinGood grease cleanersContain a metal and a hydroxide group
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Bases - ExamplesAmmonium hydroxide NH4OH – ammonia, found in many cleanersSodium hydroxide NaOH – lye, most common base, found in soap and drain cleanerMagnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 – milk of magnesiaCalcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 – lime water, found in cementSodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 – baking soda, component of antacids
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IndicatorsAn indicator is a chemical that changes color to show whether a solution is an acid or base.
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Examples of IndicatorsLitmus
Red in an AcidBlue in a Base
PhenolphthaleinClear in an AcidPink in a Base
There are many, many others.
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Litmus PaperOn the left in KOH and on the right in HCl.
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PhenolphthaleinOn the left in an acid and on the right in a
base.
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Bromothymol BlueOn the left in an acid and on the right in a
base.
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pHHow strong is that acid
or base?
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