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If you want to be the best, you have to do more than
the rest.
Gary Player
Gr 9’s
Gr 9’s
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Hydrochloric acid HCℓ
Sulphuric acid H2SO4
Nitric acid HNO3
Well known acids:
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Acetic acid CH3COOH
Well known household acid:
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Sodium hydroxide NaOH
Potassium hydroxide KOH
Sodium carbonate Na2CO3
Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
Ammonia NH3
Well known bases:
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Acidic solutions have
a sour taste.
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Acids react
with most
metals to
release H2.
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A base reacts with acids
(neutralises) to form a salt
and water.
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Aqueous solutions of acids
and bases conduct electricity.
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Soluble bases are called
alkalis.
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General acids and bases (strong and weak)
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pH, indicator and pH range
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Litmus:
Acid - red
Base - blue
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Phenolphthalein:
Acid - colourless
Base - pink
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Bromothymol blue:
Acid - yellow
Base - blue
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Methyl orange:
Acid - red
Base - yellow
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Characteristic reactions of acids:
Acid + base → salt + water
Acid + metal → salt + hydrogen
Acid + metal oxide → salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate → salt + water + carbon dioxide
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Complete and balance each of the following equations:
2HCℓ + Mg →
SALT + H2
MgCℓ2 + H2
Mgione en Cl1-ione
MgCl2
Mg2+ ions and Cl1- ions
MgCl2
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Acid + metal oxide → salt + water
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Complete and balance each of the following equations:
2HCℓ + Ca(OH)2 →
SALT + H2O
CaCℓ2 + 2H2OAnother example:
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Complete and balance each of the following equations:
H2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 →
SALT + H2O
MgSO4 + 2H2O
Acid + metal hydroxide → salt + water
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Reaction of an acid with a metal carbonate
Acid + metal carbonate salt + water + carbon dioxide
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Homework (Acids and bases)
Homework:
❖ Page 139
Questions: 1, 2, 3
❖ Pages 139, 140
Questions: 4, 5
❖ Pages 141, 142, 143
Questions: 6, 7, 8, 10