Download - Achieving Through People
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Original Title: Achieving Goals through People.
Rephrased Title: Achieving Goals WITH People.
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By the end of this session students should be
able to:
Identify what leadership is and what it means to be a
leader (especially in the context of the workplace)also; Recognise the skills and attributes of effective leaders;
Understand basic theories of Leadership
(Author details are available via Moodle)
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Many definitions of leadership exist:
There are almost as many different definitions ofleadership as there are persons who have attempted
to define the concept
Stodgill (1974)
35,000 definitions of leadership according to
Dubrin (2000).
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Good Leaders are made not born.
To inspire your people into higher
levels of teamwork, there are certainthings you must be, know, and do.
Leadership makes people want toachieve high goals and objectives,
(whereas, bosses tell people to
accomplish a task or objective).
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3 basic ways to explain how people becomeleaders:
Personality traits
Traits Theory
A crisis or
important event
Great Events
Theory
Choosing and
learning to
become leaders
Transformational
Leadership Theory
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Leadership is the art of accomplishing more than the
science of management says is possible
(Colin Powell)
Most Leaders learn their skills, they are not
born with them and therefore people can
choose to become leaders.
Thus, people can learn leadership skills.
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the creation of a vision about a desired future state
which seeks to enmesh all members of an
organisation in its net
Bryman (1986)
Northouse (2004):
Leadership is a process
Leadership involves influence Leadership occurs in groups
Leadership involves goal-achievement
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As Northouse (2004) recognised in the four points justseen:
leaders are people whoexercise influence over others
However - the ability to influence also needs thepermission of those to be influenced - leaders needfollowers.
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The great man theory of history states that thefate of societies, and organisations, is in thehands of key, powerful, idiosyncratic
individuals, who by force of personality reachpositions of influence from which they candirect and dominate the lives of others.
THUS the title of leaders is given to those whoseem to be able to motivate us ordinary peopleto behave in extraordinary ways.
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A trait is a distinguishing quality or characteristic of aperson.
Although we said earlier a leader learns to be a leaderothers argue that some people hold innate qualitiesRowitz (2009)
There are hundreds of personality traits, thisdiscussion will focus on a few that are crucial for aleader.
The more of these displayed by a leader, the morepeople will believe and trust in that leader.
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Physical characteristics (height, appearance)
Personality Characteristics(extroversion)
Skills and Abilities(intelligence)
Social Factors(interpersonal skills)
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Take a look at the Character and Traits in
Leadership article on Moodle
Think in terms of any traits outlined in this article
that could apply to you.
Do you recognise these in yourself at all?
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Intuitively appealing
Century of research to
support it
Conceptual in nature Gives us ideas of what
we need to look for
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1. Does not tell us which are the
essential traits
2. Nor how much of a giventrait/characteristic is required
3. Fails to take the situation into
account
4. Can encourage an elitist
concept of Leadership
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2. Managerial/Leadership Grid developed by
Blake & Mouton.
-Two dimensions similar to Michigan/OhioState Studies.
-Concern for subordinatesand concern for
production/results.
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Fred E. Fiedler's contingency theory
postulates that there is no best way for
managers to lead. Situations will createdifferent leadership style requirements for a
manager. The solution to a managerial
situation is contingent on the factors that
impinge on the situation.
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Leader
TaskTeam
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Path to successrewards and goals
(House)
Power relations (Fiedler et alia) Direction vs Emotional support
(Hersey/Blanchard)
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Two emerging leadershipperspectives:
-Transactional which focuses onleader and followerrelationships.
-Transformational (also calledcharismatic) focuses oncreating vision, purpose, ormission.