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Accounting Procedure In Post Primary Institutions (A
Case Study Of Udenu LGA)
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TABLE OF COTET
Title Page
Approval
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Table of content
C!APTE" OE
IT"O#UCTIO
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 tatement of the problem
1.! "b#ective of the study
1.$ %esearch &uestions
1.' %esearch (ypothesis
1.) ignificance of the study
1.* cope and +imitations of the study
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1., Definition of Terms
C!APTE" T$O
2.1 +iterature %eview
2.2 Development of Accounting in post primary institution
2.! ource of funds in post primary institution
2.$ Techni-ue involved in collecting the fundsdepositing
2.' /anagement 0ompliance to the collection of the funds
2.) Accounting for %evenue in tutorial system
2.* Proper and efficient Documentation of all monies collected.
C!APTE" T!"EE
"ESEA"C! %ET!O#OLOG&
!.1 %esearch Design
!.2 Area of the study
!.! Population of the study
!.$ ampling procedures
!.' nstruments for Data 0ollection
!.) alidity f the instruments
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!.* %eliability of the instrument
!., /ethods of Administration f the nstruments
!.3 /ethods of Data analysis
C!APTE" FOU"
#ATA P"ESETATIO
$.1 Testing of hypothesis
$.2 Analysis and interpretation
C!PTE" FI'E
'.1 Discussion implementation and %ecommendation
'.2 Discussion of %esult
'.! %ecommendation
'.$ 0onclusion
Bibliography%eferences
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C!APTE" OE
* IT"O#UCTIO
+ BAC,G"OU# OF T!E STU#&
Accounting procedure in post primary nstitutions of 4nugu tate forms
one of the functions of 4nugu tate post Primary management Board
established in 13*2. Post primary institutions operate under the post primary
school management board 5P.P./B6 in si7 educational 8onal levels each
headed by a chief supervising principal 50P6. The head-uarter is situated
along Abakiliki %oad 4nugu9 near the old government ledge and is headed by a
chairman with other supporting five Board members representing each of the
:ones. The Board has a permanent secretary as the administrative head of
service ad a director charge of finance and supplies. All the polices used for
administration of post;primary institutions are formulated and are adopted at
the head-uarters while the state ministry of 4ducation overseas all bout
4ducational matters in the state9 including primary school which has 5tate
Primary 4ducation Board6 private Approved vocationalcommercial secondary
schools9 and private primary and nursery schools.
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(owever9 this study centres on post;primary institutions in kam9 >sukkam "bolo Afor9 and udi 8ones9 in
each 8one are located an internal Audit and fianc? and supplies unit headed by
8onal Auditor and 8onal bursar respectively. 4ach of the si7 8onal office has an
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administrate head called the chief supervisor principal 50..P6 as stated earlier9
the state post primary schools management Board is headed by a chairman9
who is the chief Accounting officer and a permanent secretary as the
administrative head of services. The chairman is assisted by five other board
members9 all of them representing each 8one including the director of finance
and supplies in charge of revenue generation and accounting to the board.
n post primary institutions as contained in the hand book on schools
administration9 section *9 the principals of schools are the revenue collector9
but the bursars do the practical work of collecting revenue and disbursement as
directed and approved by the principals and e7cept schools where there is no
bursar9 the principal does the revenue collections himself. @hile these duties
are performed9 there are some problem prevalent the system which include.
5a6 Problems from organi8ations ; management
5b6 Problems form organi8ations ; Personnel
5c6 Problems form Bursars9 ; Personnel.
5d6 Problems from Bursars ; Personnel
They problems are e7amined in this study with a view to finding
suggestive solutions to eradicate them and enhance revenue collections.
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- STATE%ET OF T!E P"OBLE%S
The study is designed to evaluate and assess the accounting procedure in
post primary institution notability in
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numbers of receipt booklets9 make returns of used and unused ones before
collection of new stocks of the cash revenue receipts.
There is also in place the central pay rolling system9 and most recently9
they have introduced computer system aimed at computeri8ing the entire
system of the boards accounting9 administration ad management.
(owever9 there are still problems in schools accounting systems.
There are reported cases of fraud9 forgery of purchases invoices and
other records like bank tellers manipulation of tuition4-uipment and other
fees9 issued receipts for government and its organs shares of fees payment
made (owever9 there are observable limitations on the effectiveness of the
internal control measures.
Thirdly9 there are problems of poor non;rendition of revenue. A circular
5%ef 4>40D3C$$!C of 1$the duration commission9 head-uarters
to all principals9 all 8onal Bursars9 all 8onal internal auditors9 (ead of pay9 all
section on the effect of low revenue %eturns stated they9 Ethe post primary
schools management board 4nugu is seriously disturbed by the low revenue
returns form post primary schools in the state.
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pot checks in schools by the internal audit disclose that low revenue
returns are caused by the following
1. The failure of principals to send debtor students home after the
authori8ed two weeks period f grace after each resumption date.
2. The failure of the principals to enforce the lodgment of all revenue
collected on behalf of the government into appropriate government
designated bank accounts.
!. The collection of monthly salaries by principals and bursary with out
obtaining usual clearance form the 8onal international auditors having
met the met the stipulated monthly revenue targets.
$. 0onse-uently9 all the head of salary pay point are directed to black
list form monthly payment of staff salaries9 any school whose
principal and bursar failed to submit usual clearance certificate form
the 8onal internal auditors and the revenue officer.
'. There are some elements of non;compliance with e7isting financial
guidelines. n a circular 5%eF PP/B>GA
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board >sukka 8one9 to all principalsBursars the 8onal internal
Auditors stated interracial. E our e7perience form schools already
visited for audit e7ercise showed that some schools do not keep
records and custody of there book of account. n view of these lapses
in schools9 henceforth9 schools are e7pected to keep the under listed
booksdocuments9 and where they already e7ist should be properly
safeguarded. Principals and bursars should not treat the books of
account or documents that do not belong to their period with
indifference. Principals and bursars therefore must be ready to
present both the administrativefinancial records to our audit terms
for inspection even when there are not for routine audit of schools.
0ontinuing9 the circular emanated the records as followsF
1. 0lass registers.
2. %eceipt book issued Hnote.
!. Bank statements.
$. 0ash book
'. Daily collection registers
). 0ash analysis
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*. 47penditure files
,. (and over note file
3. P.T.A. minute book
1C. Bank passbook
11. %eport books.
The circular observed that it may not be possible to e7change the
individuals problems of the principals and bursary with regards to the keeping
of good accounting and other records.
"n revenue returns9 the circular stated intereliaF with effect from 1 stterm
13319 bursar in >sukka 8one are re-uired to observe the under listed procedure
with respect revenue returns to internal audit unit9 post primary school
management board >sukka 8one.
5a6 The revenue returns on tweeting and e-uipment fees 5=overnment
shares6 must be rendered to the internal audit unit9 >sukka 8one on
monthly basis.
5b6 At the end of the verification e7ercise9 clearance papers dually signed
by the 8onal internal Auditor9 >sukka 8one9 are issued to the schools
whose returns are in order with these clearance papers the
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principalsbursars will submit their salary vouchers to the 8onal
bursar for the subse-uent months and as it is now will use the
clearance paper to collect their schools salary payment vouchers and
staff pay slips.
. OB/ECTI'E OF T!E STU#&
5a6 This is aimed at evaluating the accounting procedure9 in post primary
institutions in
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0 ASS&OTUIBS% "ESEA"C! 1UESTIOS A# !&POT!ESIS
5a6 Do you keep proper books of accountsI
5b6 (ow often does the audit team visit your schools for spot checks
5c6 Do you think the accounting system in your school work effectivelyI
5d6 Do you lodge into the bank all money collected with in $, hours of
such collectionsI
5e6 Do you think management set aside internal control systemI
2 !&POT!ESIS FO"%ULATIO
(oF There is a significant problem in the accounting procedure in post;
primary institutions and the accounting systems are not effectively
supervised.
(1F There is no significant problem in the accounting procedure on post
primary institutions and the accounting systems operate effectively.
3 SIGIFICACE OF T!E STU#&
The study will be interest to the general public9 policy makers
professionals and other educationist. t will identify the accounting lapses
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associated with post primary institutions and propose suggestive measures and
proper accounting records and standard.
4 SCOPE A# LI%ITATIOS
This work reviews the accounting system9 procedure and methods as is being
operated in post primary institutions with in >sukka 4ducational 8one of
4nugu tate.
This is with a view to determining the problems collecting the relevant
data9 summari8ing9 analy8ing and hence make recommendations.
n compiling a pro#ect or a hand book on any topic9 it has never been
possible to include all the information that might be available. This pro#ect on
accounting system could not possibly be an e7ception. >evertheless9 and
attempt has been made to include all available but preferment in formation
considered to be of good importance. And assignment e7ecuted under three
months cannot be and to have received if e7ecuted under twelve calendar
months. n this regard9 we can easily identify Htime constraint as a limiting
factor. (owever9 this should not suggest that a good Job is not done9 many
administrative problems are encountered in carrying out research assignment
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fre-uently9 co;operation must be sough9 obtained and maintained form
individual employees and managers who might pre#udice the e7ercise as
interfering with normal work. n order to see that the conditions f the research
are maintained as presented9 the researcher should establish and maintain very
close 5an e7pensive6 surveillance. This cost factor in itself is a limiting factor.
naccessibility of some of the roads delay proposed visits to schools.
olume of -uestionnaire was specifically reduced to fill. This reduction
was e-ually made to facilitate data analysis.
5 #EFIITIO OF TE"%S
E#UCTIO6 t has been reali8ed that education is a prime factor of
development. By education here reference is being made to the schools
scattered in the localities of
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A P"OCE#U"E6This is a set of clerical activities through which a company
or organi8ations activities are e7ecuted and controlled which provides
information to management
"E'EUE "ETU"S6 This is a term specifically used in public sector
accounting to demote the process of collecting money on behalf of an
appropriate authority usually the government and remitting such money to that
authority via a pre;set procedure of format.
%ET!O#S6these are the means or ways by which the system in organi8ed
set;ups are operated and implemented.
#ATA6 This is a collection of incoming or soughed facts9 which need to be
processed so that information is produced.
IFO"%ATIO6 This is defined here9 as a product of structured and
processed meaningful data for purposes of satisfying certain desires end or
re-uirements.
POST P"I%A"& SC!OOL6 As it is used in this pro#ect demotes secondary
school post primary institution Accounting in this conte7t can therefore be said
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to be the system of Accounting adopted by post primary institutions in >sukka
8one in 4nugu tate.
ACCOUTIG6 This is a discipline concerned with the recording analy8ing
and forecasting of income and wealth of business organi8ations and other
entities. =enerally it records in money terms the flow of economic values
between and or within economic entities.
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"EFE"ECES
T4%>9 %.A. Principles of Data processing9 second
(>D T4%>9 >.B. 4dition9 >ew Kork9 John @iley and done nc.9
1,*39 P.9 '1)
=A%B0A+ >TT 0(""+ KT4/F 4ast central stated handbook on
school administration 13*2
0%0440D3C$$,C 1332.
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