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ABSOLUTISM 17TH CENTURY
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THE BIG CHANGE…F
eudal monarchy had been a balance between king and nobles
Kings stopped convening medieval parliaments
Attacked castles of nobles who opposed
Became known as absolute monarchs
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DEFINITION OF ABSOLUTISM
D
ivine right theory
k
ing was God’s
representative on earth
o
bedience to king =
obedience to God
K
ing could do no wrong
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ABSOLUTISMT
itle was inherited
D
ecisions of king were final
K
ing controlled lawmaking body
K
ing controlled all foreign affairs
P
eople had no voice
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TIMELINE OF REIGNS
S
panish King Phillip II ~ 42 years ~1556-1598
E
nglish Queen Elizabeth ~ 45 years ~ 1558-1603
E
nglish King James I ~ 22 years ~1603-1625
F
rench King Louis XIV ~ 72 years ~1643-1715 became King at age 5
A
ustria and Prussia’s King Ferdinand ~ 19 years ~1618-1637
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THREE EXAMPLES
P
hillip II of Spain
L
ouis XIV of France
E
lizabeth I of England
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SPAIN- PHILIP II 1556-1598
Son of Charles V
Believed in Divine Rights of Kings
Strengthened Catholic power
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Emergence of the nation state
All territory under a common (dominant) language united. Territory becomes a single country rather than dozens of
locally controlled areas.Centralized power under a strong monarchy. The king or queen rules the entire country from one
location – usually the city that became the capital.Powerful armies loyal to the monarch enforce against nobles who might challenge.
P4 17/12
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SOCIETY
L
ived very simply, his palace doubled as church,
house, tomb
D
evoted his life to government work
M
arried Mary (Bloody Mary)
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FRANCE
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ECONOMICS
W
ar drained wealth
N
eglected farming and trade in own country- occupied with silver in
Americas (lead to inflation)
G
ov.- taxed middle class- no support for royal power
G
ot rid of Muslims and Jews from Spain- artists and merchants
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WAR: RELIGION AND LAND
• Spanish Armada – powerful navy
• Spain & Italy beat Ottoman fleet at Battle of Lepanto 1571 (Off coast of Greece)- huge victory
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ARTS: 1550-1650- GOLDEN CENTURY
Phillip II- patron of arts and founded schools for science and math
Theatre, writing blossomed
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RELIGION
K
icked Muslims and Jews from Spain.
1
560s riots against the Spanish Inquisition.
Netherlands gained independence
D
efended the Catholic Reformation • Enforced religious unity
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QUEEN ELIZABETH
England
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ELIZABETH IELIZABETH ITT
he red-haired daughter of he red-haired daughter of
Henry VIII and Anne Henry VIII and Anne
Boleyn, Boleyn,
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GOVERNMENTR
ule • Became Queen at age 25 after
• Her father Henry VIII• Brother Edward VI• Sister Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary)
• Believed it was her Divine right to rule• Last Tudor to Rule
How she maintained control:
• refusing to marry anyone• playing one noble against another – many
hoping to marry the Queen.
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ECONOMICS S
ir Francis Drake – Best Sea Dog (privateer)E
xplored West Indies P
oor Laws – to aid the poorI
ssues a new currency – standard amount of metalP
romoted trade E
ast India Company (spices etc from Asia)
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DOMESTIC/ RELIGIOUS CONNECTIONS
Before she ruled – Religious Strife
Protestant (Church of England)Act of Supremacy – stated that she was the head of the church
Act of Uniformity – attendance to church was required by all, book of common prayers created and penalties were enforced.
She organized public debates on religion
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P
oor• Helpless Poor, Able-
Bodied Poor, Vagabonds & Rogues
• Compassion towards poor
• Poor Laws (1570s) collected tax to distribute to the poor, people expected to provide work for the poor
SOCIETY
N
obles• Land owning=power• Titles inherited• Ruffles showed status• Supposed to aid the
monarch in governing • Peasants take their
problems to their lord
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WAR
H
ated war
1
588 – Spanish Armada
R
ivalry between Phillip II and Elizabeth
E
ngland was involved in military campaigns in • Netherlands• France• Ireland
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ARTS/EDUCATION
E
lizabethan Age – Amazing literature – Faire Queen
E
lizabeth had a good education
C
ould speak French, Italian, and English. She could write in
Greek and Latin
W
illiam Shakespeare began his career during this time.
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FRANCE- LOUIS XIVM
ost powerful ruler in French historyP
hilip II’s Great Grandson“
L’etat, c’est moi”- (lay tah se mwah)- “I am the state”
Sun King
Economic, political and cultural advances
Mercantilism- gov. control over agriculture
CONTROL
1643 – ruled for 72 years!
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VERSAILLES
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Gains of Louis XIV
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Europe against the Sun King
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TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
W
hat types of government can you think of?
W
hat are the strengths and weaknesses of each type of political system?
W
hat is the best system for war? For peace, for the economy, for social
order and for international power.
W
hat classes benefit the most from each system? And which system will
cause the most suffering?