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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Courtney RoggeWeek 8: March 8th, 2007
Power Group
TV Nuclear Power System – with Shielding! Mars Crawler
Nuclear Power CapabilitiesEarth Taxi, Mars Taxi, Electric Propulsion Systems,
Sample Return, Mars Crawler
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Transfer Vehicle Power Supply
Solution from code ReactorSizing_Rogge.m by Courtney Rogge and shielding code by Mike Kowalkowski
Configuration on TV• Reactor inside Tank Truss• Reduces Shielding needed• Eliminates need for
extended Truss
Image provided by Matt Fox
Power Needed kWe 150Duration of System yrs 10System Mass mt 4.1System Volume m3 63.7System Length m 8.2System Max Diameter m 3.7
Mass kg 634Length m 100
Transfer Vehicle PowerThermoelectric Nuclear Power System
Aluminum Wire
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Mars Crawler IMLEO and IVLEO
Figure By Courtney Rogge7 m
5 m
15 m
Power 100 kWeIMLEO 33 mtIVLEO 205 m3
Mars CrawlerLength 8 mWidth 5 mHeight 5 m
Extended Length 20 mStowed Length 11 m
Vehicle Dimensions
Crane Dimensions
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Backup Slides
• Thermoelectric Nuclear Power System (TE NPS)
• Mars Crawler
• Sample Return
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
• Case Shielding ~70mt
• Donut “Shadow” Shield ~10mt
• Position on TV:– Reactor Core inside Tank Truss– Donut Shield against Truss Structure– Reduces Radiation Scatter toward Crew– Propellant Tanks made of Aluminum
• Al used as smaller scale radiation shielding• Reduces radiation absorbed by propellant
TE NPS Shielding Dilemma
Image provided by Matt Fox
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
TE NPS Shielding
Radiation Random Scatter
Core
Shadow Shield
Radiation Blocked: “Shadow” Created
“Shadow”
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
TE NPS Shielding
Placing Reactor Behind Propellant Tanks: Conflicts with Engines
Placing Reactor In Front of Propellant Tanks: Need Case Shielding to Protect Crew
Radiation could scatter off of tanks and rebound back toward crew
Engines TVTanks
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
TE NPS ShieldingExtra Truss Segment
Total Core Needs Shielding: Case Shield
HUGE mass penalty
OPTION 1
OPTION 2
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
TE NPS Shielding
Propellant Tanks Truss Structure
OPTION 3: Selected Design
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
TE NPS Characteristics
Assumptions for basic reactor characteristics based on Edwin Sayre, et al, Ref.1 & Alan Marriot, et al, Ref 2 & Kenneth Metcalf, et al, Ref 4
Fuel Uranium Nitride UNFuel Energy Density 65 MW-days/kgTotal System Efficiency 6.80%Wire Efficiency 98.00%Heat Pipe Capacity 10.7 kW/m2
Lithium Hydride LiHTungsten W
TE Converter Shape CylindricalOverall Shape Cylindrical
TE Nuclear Power System Characteristics
TE Converter Shield
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
TE Nuclear Power System
• Technological Readiness: ready by 2020
• Advantages– Less edge wear on TE converter than flat plate– No moving parts in converter and radiator
systems
• Disadvantages– Low efficiency
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Mars Crawler Design Concept
Isometric Representation of Mars Crawler
Figure By Jon Kubiak
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Mars Crawler Capabilities• 5km/h speed
• 10km range
• 12hrs continuous operation
• Lift 15mt tank to height of 20m
• Lift 17mt TC to height of 3m
• Drag HAB, fuel tanks to location
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Mars Crawler Features• Extendable Crane
– 20m extended length– 11m stowed length– Used to lift fuel tanks and TC
• Auxiliary set of wheels– Attach to other vehicles– Used to drag other vehicles
• Bucket Loader on Front– Move Regolith– Hold regolith as counterbalance when using crane
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Mars Crawler Technical Details• Power Source: Fuel Cells• Material: Aluminum• Communication: 2 video feeds• Operation: Autonomous• Geometry: Flatbed Truck Style
– Crane attached to bed– Horizontal Stabilizers on sides– 6 wheels– Trailer Hitch
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Mars Crawler Logistics• 2 Crawlers
• Arrival– Crawler 1: Caprica (EP ship 1; syn. per. 1)– Crawler 2: Sagittaron (EP ship 2; syn. per. 4)
• Fuel for Power– H2O2: Arrives with ISPP1
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
Sample Return Concept Design
CATIA models created by Steve Kassab
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
1) Sayre, Edwin D., Sam Vaidyanathan, “A Solid Core Heatpipe Reactor with Cylindrical Thermoelectric Converter Modules”, Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF 2006), edited by M.S. El-Genk, AIP, pp456-464.
2) Marriot, Alan, Toshio Fujita, “Evolution of SP-100 System Designs”, JPL, year (after 1992).
3) Lamarsh, John R., Anthony J. Barrata, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, Third Ed.. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2001.
4) Metcalf, Kenneth J., “Lunar PMAD Technology Assessment”, NASA, 1992.
5) Ben Collins, Nuclear Engineering Senior, Purdue University.
References
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AAE450 Senior Spacecraft Design Project Aquarius
6) Spencer, Bruce W., Doctor, Richard D., Wade, David C., Peddicord, Kenneth Lee, Boardman, Charles, Marucci, Dr. Giuseppe, 'A Proposed Modular-Sized, Integrated Nuclear and Hydrogen-Based Energy Supply/Carrier System', International Exchange Meeting on Nuclear Production of Hydrogen, 2000
7) Houts, Dr. Michael, Marshall Space Flight Center
8) Hrbud, Dr. Ivana, Astronautical Engineering Professor, Purdue University
9) Project Infinity: gamma and neutron flux
References