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A UNIQUE APPROACH TO THE 21ST CENTURY AUTOMOTIVE CHALLENGE
The Hybridized Driveway
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The 21st Century Automotive Challenge
“Design and develop a vehicle that practically reduces a highway vehicle’s carbon footprint and provides for greater fossil fuel efficiency in transporting passengers and cargo from point A to point B. Special attention is given to highway payload efficiency. Speed and cost efficiency is also included. Passenger safety, preservation of cargo, and the over-all environmental impact of vehicle production, cradle to grave, should also be included as important factors.”
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The Problem
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The 21st Century Problem
Global Warming
Greenhouse Gasses
Four sectors: Residential Industrial Commercial Transportation
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The 21st Century Problem
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Transportation
Transportation accounts for 33% of American carbon dioxide emissions
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Transportation in America
Currently 300 million people in the US
230 million people are eligible to drive
115 million workers in the US—99.6 million (86.5%) commute to work in a car, truck, or van
Of those commuting drivers, 84 million (84.6%) drive alone to work and 12 million (12.1%) carpool with only one other person
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Transportation in America
Most American households have two cars
American cities are built around private vehicle usage as the primary means of transportation
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THE HYBRIDIZED SOLUTION
Our Solution
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The Hybridized Driveway
A problem as big as global warming will take more than just new technology, it will require a cultural change as well
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The Hybridized Driveway
There already is a certain degree of specialization of cars in today’s house hold.
Why not have two cars for two different purposes?
Short haul, commuting, errands, around town, etc.
Longer haul, trips, multiple passengers
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MoritzMoritz WoodstockWoodstock
2000 VW Jetta1,300 lbs towing capacityBioDieselLong Range Driving50 mpg
Converted 1994 Ford Ranger
ElectricShort Range Driving92 MPGe
Our Driveway
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Moritz- Volkswagen TDI
Jetta
Speed: 0 – 110 mph
Acceleration:0 – 60 in 9 sec
Passengers:5 people
Fuel Tank Capacity:15 gallons
Range in miles:600 – 700
Cost Efficiency:Using Standard Petro6.3¢ per mileUsing SM’s B1002.1¢ per mile
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Moritz’s Fuel
Moritz runs completely off Biodiesel (B100)
Can also use any ratio of petro diesel to biodiesel
Not a “grease” car (B100 refined from cooking oil)
No conversions were necessary
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Biodiesel
Biodiesel fuels are refined from organic sources
We produce our own biodiesel from used cooking oil
Zero emissions
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Additional Specifications
Moritz trunk space- 13 cubic feetWoodstock cargo space- 48 cubic feet
http://www.internetautoguide.com/car-specifications/09-int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html
Safety- http://www.internetautoguide.com/crash-tests/09-int/2000/volkswagen/jetta/index.html
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Woodstock-1994 Ford Ranger
Speed: 0 – 75 mph
Acceleration:0 – 30 in 5 sec
Passengers:2 people (pickup)
Electrical storage capacity:32.2 kWh
Range in miles:60 – 90
Recharge Time:5 hours
Cost Efficiency:Using “green” electricity 6.5¢ per mileUsing std. grid electricity5.7¢ per mile
Recharge sources:Electrical GridSolar panelsWind turbine
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Electric Vehicle
Woodstock runs on “green” electricity
Green electricity is generated by Wind, Solar and Biomass
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Solar Energy
Woodstock has three solar panels above its cargo bay that run passively
It generates 5% of the total electricity per day needed
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Wind Energy
Woodstock also has a portable wind turbine
Woodstock must be stationary to deploy the turbine
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Negative Emissions
The wind turbine can generate electricity to charge Woodstock’s batteries and produce a surplus as well
This surplus energy can be put back on the electrical grid
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The Benefits of the Hybridized Driveway
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The Benefits of the Hybridized Driveway
The technology to begin to implement this idea is already here
The technology needed is widespread and relatively cheap
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Who are we?
St. Mark’s School is a private boarding high school in Southboro, MA
Woodstock was converted and modified by team members Conor MacKean ’03, Carole Lemos-Wade ‘06, Nick Generous ’07, Peter Smithy ‘08, Max Ziegler ’09, Xander Lodge ‘09, and many others!
Moritz is a ‘00 VW Jetta TDI. Its principal modification is an removable fuel tank for precise fuel measurements.
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Who are our friends?
St. Mark’s Alumni and parents!Evergreen Solar – photovoltaicWayside Ford – technical assistanceConsumer Services Group – “Climate Save” energy
Center for Resource Solutions – “green-e” The Alternative Energy Store – Air-X turbine
FLIK Food Services – raw material for biodiesel
Earth Tech –raw material for biodiesel
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Works Cited
Data on slide 4 from http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/1605/ggrpt/carbon.html - Department of energy report from 2005 on US emissions Picture on slide 5 from http://www.corrosioncost.com/infrastructure/highway/highway2.j Data on slide 6 from http://www.census.gov/population/socdemo/journey/usveh90.txt, http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-12.pdf
Photo on Slide 8 from http://phong.com/imagery/photos/content/2004/04.April/22.suburbia.jpg and http://www.beijinghighlights.com/photos/beijingtoday/traffic.JPG
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Cost for one charge… WS. How many Batts. WS—24 6 volt batteries. 144 volts 200 amp hrs
Cost to fully charge batteries using “green” electricity at 18¢/kWh is $5.70
Cost to charge batteries using “regular” electricity at 16¢/kWh is $5.07