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WATER BALANCEWATER BALANCENEXT GENERATION NEXT GENERATION
A TOOL FOR THE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
PRESENTED BY: ANA DEISY LOPEZ – EL SALVADOR
NINTH WATER INFORMATION SUMMIT –(WIS-9)
WEST PALM BEACH, FLORIDA, JUNE 5 – 7 , 2007
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Traditionally in our countries the Hydrologist have been Traditionally in our countries the Hydrologist have been working in Water Balances that consider just the working in Water Balances that consider just the elements of the surface water supply elements of the surface water supply ––How much is the How much is the precipitation, how much is lose by the precipitation, how much is lose by the evapotranspiration, how much is the quantity of the evapotranspiration, how much is the quantity of the water that became surface runoff and how much of the water that became surface runoff and how much of the quantity of water goes to the ground.quantity of water goes to the ground.But in order to be useful to the water planning and But in order to be useful to the water planning and water management, is necessary to have more water management, is necessary to have more information: What is the real availability of the water due information: What is the real availability of the water due its quality? What can be the changes on the water its quality? What can be the changes on the water availability if the use of the land changes or if there are availability if the use of the land changes or if there are changes on the precipitation or temperature? Where can changes on the precipitation or temperature? Where can be planned water related projects? be planned water related projects?
JUSTIFICATION
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To answer those questions is necessary to go further To answer those questions is necessary to go further with the analysis and investigationwith the analysis and investigation
The objective is to determine the actual status and its The objective is to determine the actual status and its future projections of the water resources in quantity and future projections of the water resources in quantity and quality, determining the pressure over the water quality, determining the pressure over the water considering its spatial and temporal distribution, the considering its spatial and temporal distribution, the availability and the demand, to be a tool that allows to availability and the demand, to be a tool that allows to the planning people and the decision makers the the planning people and the decision makers the guidelines to the use and protection of the resources and guidelines to the use and protection of the resources and improve the life quality of the population, and finally, improve the life quality of the population, and finally, ensure the investments of the water related projects.ensure the investments of the water related projects.
OBJECTIVE
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“The water balance is the fundamental tool that allow us to know the real availability of the water in quantity and in quality to achieve and adequated management and ensure the availability of the water for the future
generations”
Water Monitoring and Research
Hí
Protection AreasVulnerabilityScarcity IndexesPressure Indexes
DINAMIC AND INTEGRATED WATER BALANCE
Meteorology
Precipitation
Evapotranspiraton
Hidrology
Evaluation of the surface andGroundwater
SUPPLY
Quality Restrictions
÷ =Real Availability Demand
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SURFACE RUNNOFF
STORAGE CHANGES
EVAPOTRANSPIRATIONPRECIPITATION
WATER SUPPLY: QUANTITY AND SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS
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INTEGRATION OF THE QUANTITY WITH THE QUALITY
The water in the basin is not always available, due that is important to know its quality and with this quality, which can be its potential use – or to know the actual limitations of the quality of the water to be used for the desired and planned use
The inner circle correspond to the Water Quality Index considering the Environmental Quality of the water that can be (depending of the value of the Index): Worst, Bad, Regular, Good and Excellent
This will indicate the capability of the water to accept aquatic life
The external band correspond to the use aptitude, and can be divided in three sections (The color means its aptitude to this use)
Green: Irrigation
Turquoise: Raw Water to covert on drinkable with conventional methods
Light Blue: human contact – tourism
WATER NATIONAL DIAGNOSIS AND USES PROPOSAL
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http://www.kulmbach.net/~MGF-Gymnasium/bilderdaten/latinoam-elsalvador/Bilder/Lago de Coatepeque_jpg.jpg
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WATER THAT CAN BE USE FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES
http://www.kulmbach.net/~MGF-Gymnasium/bilderdaten/latinoam-elsalvador/Bilder/Lago de Coatepeque_jpg.jpg
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SERVICIO HIDROLOGICO SERVICIO HIDROLOGICO NACIONALNACIONAL
EVALUATION CARACTERIZATION CARACTERIZATIONOF THE AQUIFER OF THE RESERVOIR OF THE WATER
Medición de niveles piezometricos
PrecipitacionesEvapotranspiraciónCaudales
HIDROLOGIA
Mapas geol. y topo.Columnas litológicasCarac. de los terrenos
Pruebas de bombeoCálculos hidráulicos
HIDRAULICA
ProspeccioneselectromagnéticasProspeccioneseléctricasRegistros eléctricos
GEOFISICA
Param. de campoAnálisis químicos
AREA DE ESTUDIO
MONITOREOGEOLOGIA
(actualmente niveles freáticos)
INTEGRATION OF THE SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER
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INTEGRATION OF THE AVAILABILITY AND THE INTEGRATION OF THE AVAILABILITY AND THE DEMANDS DEMANDS –– SCARCITY INDEXESSCARCITY INDEXES
INTERNAL DEMANDS EXTERNAL DEMANDS FUTURE NEEDS
• Sectors demands: irrigation, water supply, hydroelectricity, tourism, ecological needs
•Quantification of the returns to the system
INDICE DE INDICE DE ESCASEZ %ESCASEZ %
CATEGORIACATEGORIA
< 1< 1 NO SIGNIFICATIVONO SIGNIFICATIVO
1 1 -- 1010 MINIMOMINIMO
11 11 -- 2020 MEDIOMEDIO
21 21 -- 5050 MEDIO ALTOMEDIO ALTO
> 50> 50 ALTOALTO
http://images.google.com.sv/imgres?imgurl=http://quantum.ucting.udg.mx/admin010/img/agua.jpg&imgrefurl=http://quantum.ucting.udg.mx/noticias/&h=183&w=273&sz=7&tbnid=I1uQMJfQA20J:&tbnh=72&tbnw=107&start=23&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dllave%2Bde%2Bagua%26start%3D20%26hl%3Des%26lr%3D%26sa%3DN
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DINAMIC ANALYSISDINAMIC ANALYSISAnnual Water Balance
• Impacts on the availability of water on Niño or Niña years
• Impacts due extreme events (droughts, hurricanes)
Future Scenarios
• Land Use changes
• Water demand changes
• Climate variability and climate changes
SISTEMATIZATION
http://www.lademajagua.co.cu/IMAGES/reforestacion.jpg
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WATER BALANCE IN ACTUAL CONDITIONS
pp RET. EV CUERPO DE AGUA EVT REAL EV URB.Q
REGISTRADO
DEM. INT DEM. EXT.CAMBIO DE
ALMAC.
ANUAL (Mm3) 334.26 7.91 130.51 122.65 3.84 44.11 15.82 5.59 19.65IE = 33.58 %
BALANCE HIDRICO CUENCA LAGO DE ILOPANGO
ESTACION DESAGUE
-150.00
-50.00
50.00
150.00
250.00
350.00
ENER
O
FEB
RER
O
MA
RZO
AB
RIL
MA
YO
JUN
IO
JULI
O
AG
OST
O
SEPT
IEM
BR
E
OC
TUB
RE
NO
VIEM
BR
E
DIC
IEM
BR
E
CA
NTI
DA
D (m
m)
PRECIPITACION
IM PORTACIONES
RETORNO DE DEM ANDA INTERNA
EVAPORACION DE CUERPOS DE AGUA +EVAPOTRANSPIRACION REAL + EVAPORACIONAREAS URBANASCAUDAL REGISTRADO EN ESTACION DESAGUE
DEM ANDA INTERNA
DEM ANDA EXTERNA
CAM BIO DE ALM ACENAM IENTO
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BALANCE HIDRICO CUENCA LAGO DE ILOPANGO
ESTACION DESAGUEESCENARIO 1
-150.00
-50.00
50.00
150.00
250.00
350.00
ENER
O
FEB
RER
O
MA
RZO
AB
RIL
MA
YO
JUN
IO
JULI
O
AG
OST
O
SEPT
IEM
BR
E
OC
TUB
RE
NO
VIEM
BR
E
DIC
IEM
BR
E
CA
NTI
DA
D (m
m)
PRECIPITACION
IM PORTACIONES
RETORNO DE DEM ANDA INTERNA
EVAPORACION DE CUERPOS DE AGUA +EVAPOTRANSPIRACION REAL +EVAPORACION AREAS URBANASCAUDAL REGISTRADO EN ESTACION DESAGUE
DEM ANDA INTERNA
DEM ANDA EXTERNA
CAM BIO DE ALM ACENAM IENTO
PP RET. EV CUERPO DE AGUA EVT REAL EV URB.Q
REGISTRADO
DEM. INT. DEM. EXT.CAMBIO DE
ALMAC.
ANUAL (Mm3) 334.26 7.91 130.51 112.50 3.84 44.11 15.82 5.59 29.80
RESULTS: INCREASE ON THE STORAGE VOLUME IN 10.15 Mm3
IE = 28.97 %
BENEFIT:
Water for 160.000 additional persons = 32.000 families
SCENARIO 1: INCREASE OF 50% OF FOREST AREA
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PP RET. EV CUERPO DE AGUA EVT REAL EV URB.Q
REGISTRADO
DEM. INT. DEM. EXT.CAMBIO DE
ALMAC.
ANUAL (Mm3) 334.26 7.91 130.51 122.65 3.84 44.11 15.82 5.59 19.65IE = 33.58 %
BALANCE HIDRICO CUENCA LAGO DE ILOPANGO
ESTACION DESAGUE
-150.00
-50.00
50.00
150.00
250.00
350.00
ENER
O
FEB
RER
O
MA
RZO
AB
RIL
MA
YO
JUN
IO
JULI
O
AG
OST
O
SEPT
IEM
BR
E
OC
TUB
RE
NO
VIEM
BR
E
DIC
IEM
BR
E
CA
NTI
DA
D (m
m)
PRECIPITACION
IM PORTACIONES
RETORNO DE DEM ANDA INTERNA
EVAPORACION DE CUERPOS DE AGUA +EVAPOTRANSPIRACION REAL + EVAPORACIONAREAS URBANASCAUDAL REGISTRADO EN ESTACION DESAGUE
DEM ANDA INTERNA
DEM ANDA EXTERNA
CAM BIO DE ALM ACENAM IENTO
WATER BALANCE IN ACTUAL CONDITIONS
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BALANCE HIDRICO CUENCA LAGO DE ILOPANGO
ESTACION DESAGUEESCENARIO 2
-150.00
-50.00
50.00
150.00
250.00
350.00
ENER
O
FEB
RER
O
MA
RZO
AB
RIL
MA
YO
JUN
IO
JULI
O
AG
OST
O
SEPT
IEM
BR
E
OC
TUB
RE
NO
VIEM
BR
E
DIC
IEM
BR
E
CA
NTI
DA
D (m
m)
PRECIPITACION
IM PORTACIONES
RETORNO DE DEM ANDA INTERNA
EVAPORACION DE CUERPOS DE AGUA +EVAPOTRANSPIRACION REAL + EVAPORACIONAREAS URBANASPOSIBLE CAUDAL REGISTRADO
DEM ANDA INTERNA
DEM ANDA EXTERNA
CAM BIO DE ALM ACENAM IENTO
PP RET. EV CUERPO DE AGUA EVT REALEV
URBANAS
Q REGISTRA
DODEM. INT. DEM. EXT.
CAMBIO DE ALMAC.
ANUAL (Mm3) 334.26 7.91 130.51 119.38 5.78 51.29 15.82 5.59 13.80
RESULTS : DECREASE OF STORAGE VOLUME 5.85 Mm3
IE = 36.97 %
CONSEQUENCE
91.600 persons = 18.400 families affected
SCENARIO 2: INCREASE OF URBAN AREA
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PP RET. EV CUERPO DE AGUA EVT REAL EV URB.Q
REGISTRADO
DEM. INT. DEM. EXT.CAMBIO DE
ALMAC.
ANUAL (Mm3) 334.26 7.91 130.51 122.65 3.84 44.11 15.82 5.59 19.65IE = 33.58 %
BALANCE HIDRICO CUENCA LAGO DE ILOPANGO
ESTACION DESAGUE
-150.00
-50.00
50.00
150.00
250.00
350.00
ENER
O
FEB
RER
O
MA
RZO
AB
RIL
MA
YO
JUN
IO
JULI
O
AG
OST
O
SEPT
IEM
BR
E
OC
TUB
RE
NO
VIEM
BR
E
DIC
IEM
BR
E
CA
NTI
DA
D (m
m)
PRECIPITACION
IM PORTACIONES
RETORNO DE DEM ANDA INTERNA
EVAPORACION DE CUERPOS DE AGUA +EVAPOTRANSPIRACION REAL + EVAPORACIONAREAS URBANASCAUDAL REGISTRADO EN ESTACION DESAGUE
DEM ANDA INTERNA
DEM ANDA EXTERNA
CAM BIO DE ALM ACENAM IENTO
WATER BALANCE IN ACTUAL CONDITIONS
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BALANCE HIDRICO CUENCA LAGO DE ILOPANGO
ESTACION DESAGUE
-150.00
-50.00
50.00
150.00
250.00
350.00
ENER
O
FEB
RER
O
MA
RZO
AB
RIL
MA
YO
JUN
IO
JULI
O
AG
OST
O
SEPT
IEM
BR
E
OC
TUB
RE
NO
VIEM
BR
E
DIC
IEM
BR
E
CA
NTI
DA
D (m
m)
PRECIPITACION
IM PORTACIONES
RETORNO DE DEM ANDA INTERNA
EVAPORACION DE CUERPOS DE AGUA +EVAPOTRANSPIRACION REAL + EVAPORACIONAREAS URBANASCAUDAL REGISTRADO EN ESTACION DESAGUE
DEM ANDA INTERNA
DEM ANDA EXTERNA
CAM BIO DE ALM ACENAM IENTO
RESULTS : OVER EXPLOTATION OF THE AQUIFER
PP RET.EV.
CUERPO DE AGUA
EVT REALEV
AREAS URBANAS
Q ESTIMADO DEM. INT.
DEM. EXT.
CAMBIO DE ALMAC.
ANUAL (Mm3) 209.31 7.91 130.51 104.27 3.09 25.42 15.82 5.59 -67.48
SCENARIO 3: REDUCTION OF 35% ANNUAL PRECIPITATIONSTRONG NIÑO YEAR
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WATER SUPPLY MODULE
CALCULATION PERIODGEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
CALCULATION UNITS
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RESULTADOS DE OFERTA HIDRICA POR CUENCA
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POSSIBILITIES TO CHANGE THE LAND USES TO SEE THE IMPACT ON THE WATER OFERT RESULTS
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WATER DEMAND MODULE
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The irrigation demand is calculated in another module that is integrated after to the system
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DEMANDA HUMANA
UBICACIÓN GEOGRAFICA PERIODO DE CALCULO
RESULTADOS
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DEMANDA INDUSTRIAL
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IRRIGATION DEMAND
OPTION OF THE CALCULATION METHODOLOGY
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RESULTS OF THE WATER OFERT MODULE
DEMANDS AND RETURNS
WATER BALANCE AND SCARCITY INDEX OF THE BASIN
WATER BALANCE�NEXT GENERATION OBJECTIVEINTEGRATION OF THE AVAILABILITY AND THE DEMANDS – SCARCITY INDEXESDINAMIC ANALYSIS