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A scientific approach toXenApp farm sizing
Helge Klein
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Who isHelge Klein?
CTP, MVPAuthor of SetACL and Delprof2Independent consultant and developerArchitect of what later became Citrix Profile Management
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talking about?What is he
Scientifically sound farm sizing methodologyHow to calculate farm capacity
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Methodology
1. Determine capacity of existing farm2. Measure load and identify bottlenecks3. Calculate capacity of new farm
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ExampleDescription Farm capacity
old (total)Farm capacity old (per user)
Factor Farm capacity new (per user)
Farm capacity new (total)
RAM for user sessions [MB] 630,000 315 2.0 630 1,575,000
CPU [normalized cores] 1,250 0.63 0.25 0.16 391
Hard disk [write IOPS] 7,300 3.65 1.5 5.48 13,688
Network [MB/s] 24,000 12.00 0.1 1.20 3,000
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Where to get the
numbers?1. Data collection2. Observation3. Measurements4. Calculation
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Data collection
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for /f %i in (AllFarmServers.txt) do wmic /node:%i cpu get name, maxclockspeed, systemname, description, manufacturer, revision /format:csv >> CPUs.txt
Collect CPU dataCreate AllFarmServers.txt with qfarm
Use resulting list to determine server model
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Srv001,x86 Family 15 Model 4 Stepping 10,GenuineIntel,3400,Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.40GHz,1034,Srv001Srv001,x86 Family 15 Model 4 Stepping 10,GenuineIntel,3400,Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.40GHz,1034,Srv001Srv001,x86 Family 15 Model 4 Stepping 10,GenuineIntel,3400,Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.40GHz,1034,Srv001Srv001,x86 Family 15 Model 4 Stepping 10,GenuineIntel,3400,Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 3.40GHz,1034,Srv001Srv002,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv002Srv002,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv002Srv002,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv002Srv002,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv002Srv002,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv002Srv002,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv002Srv002,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv002Srv002,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv002Srv003,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv003Srv003,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv003Srv003,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv003Srv003,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv003Srv003,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv003Srv003,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv003Srv003,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv003Srv003,x86 Family 6 Model 44 Stepping 2,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5640 @ 2.67GHz,11266,Srv003Srv004,x86 Family 6 Model 26 Stepping 5,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Pentium(R) III Xeon-Prozessor,6661,Srv004Srv004,x86 Family 6 Model 26 Stepping 5,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Pentium(R) III Xeon-Prozessor,6661,Srv004Srv004,x86 Family 6 Model 26 Stepping 5,GenuineIntel,2666,Intel(R) Pentium(R) III Xeon-Prozessor,6661,Srv004...
The result
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RAM, NICshard disks
Could be determined via WMI, tooOften knowing the server model is sufficientComponents per model often identical
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Component HP DL360 G4
CPU 2x Xeon dual core 3,0 GHz, no Hyper Threading4 Cores, CPUID: x86 Family 15 Model 4 Stepping 1
RAM 4 GB
NICs 2x Gigabit, 1 connected
RAID Smart Array 6i
Hard disks 2x 70 GB configured as RAID-1, Compaq BF0728A4CB, 3,5“, 15.000 R/Min, Ultra320 SCSI
Spec sheet
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Resulting dataServer model NumberDL360 G7 26DL360 G6 52DL360 G5 70DL360 G4p 60DL360 G4 35
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Observation
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How many users are logged on?Load of CPU, RAM, NICs
Individual processes with a lot of RAM or CPU?
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Physical Disk\% Disk Time
Physical Disk\Avg. Disk Queue Length
„Time“ is equivalent to flickering of hard disk LEDDisk queue length: Number of waiting IOs
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Hypothesis: farm is
memory limited
Limiting factor will differ between farms
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Measurements
Tool: PerfmonNext slides: relevant counters
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Terminal Services\Active SessionsTerminal Services\Inactive Sessions
Terminal Services\Total SessionsSystem\Processes
General system information
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PhysicalDisk(_Total)\% Disk TimePhysicalDisk(_Total)\Avg. Disk Queue Length
PhysicalDisk(_Total)\Disk Reads/secPhysicalDisk(_Total)\Disk Writes/sec
PhysicalDisk(_Total)\Avg. Disk sec/Transfer
Hard disk activityLoad, queue length, operations per second, latency
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Processor(_Total)\% Processor TimeMemory\Available MBytes
Network Interface(*)\Bytes Total/sec
CPU, RAM and networkRAM: total amount must be known!
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logman create counter TSPerf -f csv -cf C:\PerfLogs\Counters.txt -o C:\PerfLogs\Server13.csv -si 60 -rf 24:00:00
AutomationCreate and start data collector set. Format CSV, performance counters are
read from C:\PerfLogs\Counters.txt, output file is C:\PerfLogs\Server013.csv, 60 second sampling interval, duration 24 hours.
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logman create counter TSPerf -f csv -cf C:\PerfLogs\Counters.txt –o C:\PerfLogs\Server13.csv -si 60 -rf 24:00:00-s Server13
Execution on remote computer Server13
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for /f %i in (Servers.txt) do logman create counter TSPerf -f csv -cf C:\PerfLogs\Counters.txt -o C:\PerfLogs\%i.csv -si 60 -rf 24:00:00 -s %i
Many serversOne computer name per line in Servers.txt
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Analyzingthe measured data
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CPU and sessions
Server 37
Moderate load during logon phase,
afterwards even less
A lot of overcapacity
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CPU and sessions
Server 89
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Overlaying the CPU load of
many servers
Easily verify the analyis
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HDD and sessions
Server 37
Moderate load, peaks during logon phase
Full load at aprox. 200
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HDD and sessions
Server 89
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Overlaying the HDD load of
many servers
Easily verify the analyis
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RAM and sessions
Server 37
Continually increasing load, maximum in the
afternoon
Available RAM must not go near zero
(because of disk cache)
High load
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RAM and sessions
Server 89
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Overlaying the memory load
of many servers
Easily verify the analyis
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Network and sessions
Server 37
200 = 2 MB/s
Average rate < 200 KB/s
Very low load, a lot of overcapacity
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Network and sessions
Server 89
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Overlaying the network load
of many servers
Easily verify the analyis
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Hypothesis confirmed: farm is limited by
available memoryCPU load: low, network: negligiblehard disk: moderate
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Calculatingfarm capacity
Description Farm capacity old (total)
Farm capacity old (per user)
Factor Farm capacity new (per user)
Farm capacity new (total)
RAM for user sessions [MB] 630,000 315 2.0 630 1,575,000
CPU [normalized cores] 1,250 0.63 0.25 0.16 391
Hard disk [write IOPS] 7,300 3.65 1.5 5.48 13,688
Network [MB/s] 24,000 12.00 0.1 1.20 3,000
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How to compare performance of different CPUs?Benchmarking is difficultBetter: Moore’s law (doubling of performance every 18-24 months)Surprisingly accurate (amongst other things because it is a self-fulfilling prophecy)
NormalizingCPU performance
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Performance after time (in months)Assumed performance doubling every 21 monthsOldest CPU in farm = 1,0
𝐿(𝑡 )=𝑒0,033𝑡
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CPU Cores First sold Performance index Performance index per core
Xeon 7100 „Tulsa“ 3,0 GHz
2 08/2006 1,0 1,0
Xeon 7100 „Tulsa“ 3,4 / 3,6 GHz
2 03/2007 1,26 1,26
Xeon E5430 / E5440
4 11/2007 1,64 0,82
Xeon X5550 4 03/2009 2,78 1,39
Xeon E5640 4 03/2010 4,13 2,06
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CPU Number of CPUs
Number of cores
Number of normalized CPUs
Number of normalized cores
Xeon 3 GHz 70 140 70 140
Xeon 3,4/3,6 GHz
119 238 150 300
Xeon E5430/E5440
70 280 115 230
Xeon X5550 67 268 186 370
Xeon E5640 26 104 107 210
Total 352 1030 628 1250
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Farm capacity:
1250 normalized CPUs
0.63 CPUs / user
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Hard disk performance =
IOPSWith many concurrent accesses transfer rate is mostly irrelevantMore important: IOPS (operations per second)Exact number depends on measurement method do not believe vendors
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PhysicalDisk(_Total)\Disk Reads/secPhysicalDisk(_Total)\Disk Writes/sec
IOPS measurement with PerfmonRead and write IOPS may be very different
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Read and write IOPS
Average: ~15
Including spikes: 30
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Farm capacity:
7300 IOPS
3,7 IOPS / user
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RAM – how muchdo we have?
We need total RAM that is available for user sessions
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Server model RAM / server [GB] #Servers RAM / server total [GB]
DL360 G4 3,5 35 122,5
DL360 G4p 3,5 60 210
DL360 G5 3,25 70 227,5
DL360 G6 3,49 52 181,48
DL360 G7 3,49 26 90,74
Total 243 832
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Description Memory [MB]Session 0 (OS + Presentation Server + antivirus) 325
Kernel (pooled + non-pooled) 175File system cache 400Total 900
Calculate RAM used by the OS (Server 2003)
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Farm capacity:
630 GB
315 MB / user
25% Overhead because 900 MB used by OS
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Network – too much for HDX?
1 Gigabit/second per server~ 100 MB/s
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Farm capacity:
24 GB/s
12 MB/s / user
Extreme overcapacity
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Futurecapacity
Description Farm capacity old (total)
Farm capacity old (per user)
Factor Farm capacity new (per user)
Farm capacity new (total)
RAM for user sessions [MB] 630,000 315 2.0 630 1,575,000
CPU [normalized cores] 1,250 0.63 0.25 0.16 391
Hard disk [write IOPS] 7,300 3.65 1.5 5.48 13,688
Network [MB/s] 24,000 12.00 0.1 1.20 3,000
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Parameters. Calculation includes:Changed user count, different memory requirements of new OS,server replacement, capacity increase for disaster recovery
Parameter ValueFarm users old (CCU) 2,000
Farm users new (CCU) 2,500
RAM for OS new [MB] 1,300
CPU performance new [normalized cores]
1.9
IOPS per disk new 300
Reserve for disaster recovery 1.5
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Servers are memory limited after setting the amount of RAM,the other parameters can be calculated
Virtual server
RAM [MB] 32.768
User sessions 49.9
CPU cores (physical) 4.1
IOPS 273
NICs 0.6
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After setting the number of VMs per host the other parameterscan be calculated.Excel sheet available upon request.
Physical serversVMs per host 3 #Virtual
servers50
RAM [MB] 101,376 #Hosts 25
CPU cores 12 Users / host
150
Hard disks 3
NICs 2
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Thank you!Helge Klein