![Page 1: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidanceand probability distribution function formulations
for flood mitigation
Pat Fitzpatrick
Mississippi State University (research professor)
• Rules of thumb
• Forecast guidance examples for Hurricane Florence
• Empirical and climatology applications for return-level studies
• Considerations for post-Harvey and post-Florence research
• Time period for general questions on hurricanes
![Page 2: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Rules of thumb
![Page 3: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Kraft equation (inches)
Maximum rainfall=100/speed (in knots)
• TRopical Rainfall Potential (TRaP)
Maximum rainfall=Avg measured rain rate X Length of rain shield/speed
![Page 4: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Forecast guidance examples for Hurricane Florence
Links, class notes, and video lectures available on JSU teaching website:
http://weatherclasses.com
![Page 5: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Comparison global, regional, high-resolution models
18-h forecast rain totalInitialized Sept. 14, 18Z
![Page 6: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Comparison global, regional, high-resolution models
30-h forecast rain totalInitialized Sept. 14, 18Z
![Page 10: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Comparison global, regional, high-resolution models and hurricane model
18-h forecast rain rate or radar reflectivity (derived from rain rate)Initialized Sept. 14, 18Z
![Page 14: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Comparison global, regional, high-resolution models and hurricane model
30-h forecast rain rate or radar reflectivity (derived from rain rate)Initialized Sept. 14, 18Z
![Page 19: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ensemble Tropical Rainfall Potential (eTRaP)
Examples shown for 6-hr forecast
Initialized Sept. 14, 18Z
![Page 24: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Probability of Precipitation (POP)>25 mm
25 mm ≈ 1 inch
![Page 25: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Probability of Precipitation (POP)>50 mm
50 mm ≈ 2 inches
![Page 26: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Probability of Precipitation (POP)>75 mm
75 mm ≈ 3 inches
![Page 27: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ETRAP 6-hr rain totals
![Page 28: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
NOAA’s Weather Prediction Center (WPC) generalized graphics
Initialized Sept. 14, 18Z
![Page 29: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Hydrology tools
![Page 34: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
NOAA’s Water Model
![Page 41: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
USGS Flood Page
![Page 46: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Empirical and climatology applications for return-level studies
![Page 50: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Rainfall CLImatology and PERsistence (R-CLIPER)
Variants used for baseline skill metrics (models should perform better!) and FEMA’s Mitigation division (HAZUS software)
![Page 51: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Satellite-derived rainfall rate pdfs
Reference: Lonfat, M., F. D. Marks, and S. S. Chen, 2004: Precipitation distribution in tropical cyclones using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM) microwave imager: A global perspective. Monthly Weather Review, 132, 1645-1660.
![Page 52: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
From Fitzpatrickand Lau (2011)Based on Lonfat et al.(2007)
R-CLIPER for TS, Min Hurr, and Major Hurr, with avg, ± 10%, ± 20%, ± 34%, ± 68%,
![Page 53: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
P-Cliper PDF equations ( -90% ≤ f ≤ 90%)
For tropical storms
027499.0995207.2
)838964806.3
r 2-
10672969851.1 - 2
r5-
1005957684.2
TSTS
TS
TS
TSTSTS
B,A
50r;f)(Bexp
((r,f)R
50r;f)(BexpA(r,f)R
==
=
=
+
For Category 1 and 2 hurricanes
0213.0539108.5
)656484399.6
r3-
10840501651.6 2
r4-
10444507808.4
3
r6-
10935560971.1 4
r9-
10474340293.2
12C12C
12C
12C
12C12C12C
B,A
30r;f)(Bexp
((r,f)R
30r;30
rf)(BexpA(r,f)R
==
=
=
+
+−
+−
For Category 3, 4 and 5 hurricanes
018433.094344.10
)25059433.14r1-
10088545019.1
2
r4-
10033414728.3 3
r7-
10984284245.2
35C35C
35C
35C
35C35C35C
B,A
30r;f)(Bexp
((r,f)R
30r;30
rf)(BexpA(r,f)R
==
=
=
+−
+−
Reference
Geoghegan, K. M., P. J. Fitzpatrick, R. L. Kolar, and K. M. Dresback, 2018: Evaluation of a synthetic rainfall model, P-CLIPER, for use in coastal flood modeling. Natural Hazards, 92, 699-726.
![Page 54: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Asymmetry and width should be added through wind shear, topography, dry air intrusion, 2D wind structure, and size
A version of R-CLIPER, known as R-PHRaM, considers only shear and topography. No known CLIPER model’s for other parameters.
More complicated terms could also incorporate frontal and trough interactions, as well as extratropical transitions
![Page 56: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Also not considered in mitigation formulations are PredeccorRainfall Events (PRE).
A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct from its main precipitation shield, but still indirectly related to the storm.
Potential for excessive flooding before cyclone’s arrival
River flooding could also coincide with surge event (most studies assume river rise lags surge event)
![Page 57: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Considerations for post-Harvey and post-Florence research
![Page 60: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
General questions and discussion
![Page 61: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: A review of hurricane rainfall prediction guidance and ...€¦ · Rainfall Events (PRE). A PRE is a coherent area of heavy rainfall poleward of a tropical cyclone, which is distinct](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051806/5ffdd1d4ed08ae0c9a32d897/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)