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ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY
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ANATOMICAL POSITIONArms down by
sidePalms upHead and eyes
forwardLegs parallel,
feet together
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CORONAL/SAGITTAL/TRANSVERSE PLANES
Coronal Plane (Frontal Plane)
Sagittal Plane (Lateral Plane)
Transverse Plane (Axial Plane)
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CORONAL PLANE aka Frontal Plane Vertical plane
running from side to side
Divides the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior portions
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SAGITTAL PLANE
aka Lateral Plane vertical plane
running from front to back
Divides the body or any of its parts into right and left sides
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TRANSVERSE PLANE aka Axial Plane Horizontal plane Divides the body or
any of its parts into upper and lower parts
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ANTERIOR/POSTERIOR Anterior—to be
situated near or toward the front of the body
Posterior--to be situated toward the back of the body
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SUPERIOR/INFERIORCRANIAL/CAUDAL
Superior—means to be situated toward the upper part or head of the body, positioned above another organ or structure
Inferior—to be situated toward the lower part of the body or positioned below another organ or structure
Cranial—refers to the head end Caudal—refers to the tail end
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SUPERIOR/INFERIORCRANIAL/CAUDAL
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MEDIAL/LATERAL Medial—to be closer
to the midline of the body or a structure, being internal as opposed to external
Lateral—to be farther away, in the direction of either side, from the midline of the body or a structure
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PROXIMAL/DISTAL Proximal: Toward or
nearest the trunk or the point of origin of a part
Distal: Away from or farthest from the trunk or the point of origin of a part
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AVASCULAR
Without blood circulation
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ECTOPIC Occurring in an
abnormal position or place
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UNILATERAL/BILATERAL
Unilateral—on one side Bilateral—on both sides
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ACUTE/CHRONIC
Acute—symptoms appear and change/worsen rapidly (heart attack)
Chronic—develops and worsens over an extended period of time (atherosclerosis)
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IPSILATERAL/CONTRALATERAL
Ipsilateral—on the same side as another structure i.e. the left arm is ipsilateral to the left leg.
Contralateral—on the opposite from another structure
i.e. the left arm is contralateral to the right arm, or the right leg.
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SUPERFICIAL/INTERMEDIATE/DEEP
Superficial—near the outer surface of the body i.e. skin is superficial to the muscle layer
Intermediate—between two other structures i.e. the naval is intermediate to (or
intermediate between) the left arm and the contralateral (right) leg.
Deep—further away from the surface of the body i.e. the muscular layer is deep to the skin, but
superficial to the intestines.
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BODY CAVITIES Thoracic Cavity Abdominal and Pelvic
Cavity Dorsal Cavity
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THORACIC CAVITY Upper ventral, thoracic or chest cavity
Contains: Heart Lungs Trachea Esophagus Large blood vessels Nerves
Bound laterally by ribs and the diaphragm caudally
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ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY
Lower part of ventral cavity
Abdominal: Gastrointestinal tract Kidneys Adrenal glands
Pelvic: Urogenital system Rectum
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DORSAL CAVITY Smaller of two main
cavities Upper portion:
Cranial cavity Brain
Lower portion: Vertebral canal
contains the spinal cord
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FLEXION/EXTENSION
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ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION
Abduction—moving a body part away from midline
Adduction—moving a body part toward the midline
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ABDUCTION/ADDUCTION
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INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION
Internal rotation—rotation towards the center of the body aka medial rotation
External rotation—rotation away the center of the body aka lateral rotation
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INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION
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HIP INTERNAL ROTATION
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HAND: DORSAL/PLAMAR
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FOOT: DORSAL/PLANTAR
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SUPINATION/PRONATION
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PLANTAR FLEXION/DORSIFLEXION
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ELEVATION/DEPRESSION
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INVERSION/EVERSION
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SUPERFICIAL/INTERMEDIATE/DEEP
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REVIEW
Anatomic planes/position Distal Proximal Medial Lateral Superior Inferior Cranial Caudal Anterior Posterior
Acute Chronic Pronation Supination Inversion Eversion Varus Valgus Avascular Ectopic
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