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A Nation Divided
The Eve of War(Take notes on the following
slides)
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Names for Sides• North
• Union• United States of America• Federals• U.S.A
• South• Confederacy• Confederate States of America• CSA
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Flag• North
• Stars and Stripes
• South• Stars and Bars• Separate Battle & State Flags
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Population• North
• 22,350,000
• South• 9,100,000
• 3,900,000 were slaves
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Industries• North
• 92% of the Nation’s Industries were in the North
• South• Very little industrial development,
mostly an agrarian (farming) economy
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Railroads Mileage• North
• 75% of the nation’s RR track were in the North
• South• Significantly fewer railroads were in
the South
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Financial Resources• North
• Had 75% of the nation’s wealth• Banking• Manufacturing• Shipping
• South• Most of the wealth was in land and
slaves
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Leadership• North
• Abraham Lincoln • Had extensive experience as a lawyer• Limited experience in Congress• No military experience
• South• Jefferson Davis
• Had been senator from Miss.• Secretary of war• Military experience during the Mexican
War
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Generals• North
• Most were West Point graduates• Few union generals were effective in leading
Unions armies until U.S. Grant’s rise during 1862-1864
• South• General Robert E. Lee• Perhaps the South’s greatest advantage• Brilliant, bold military leaders from
• Virginia Military Institute (VMI)• West Point• Other academies
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Strategies• North
• Bring the South back into the Union ASAP
• Never recognize the South’s independence or its “right” to leave the Union
• Strangle the South with a naval blockade (Anaconda Plan)
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Strategies• South
• Fight a defensive war until the Union no longer has the will to fight
• Stress how secession is same thing as the 13 colonies pulling out of the British empire in 1776
• Capture Washington, D.C.
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Capital• North
• Washington, D.C.
• South• Montgomery, Alabama for awhile• Richmond, Virginia
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Naval Power• North
• Large navy which grew even larger as the war progressed
• South• Virtually no navy at the start of the
war
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Cause for Fighting• North
• To preserve the Union at first• Later the emancipation (freeing) of
the slaves• South
• To gain independence• To save the “Southern Way of Life”
including slavery• States Rights
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Names for troops• North
• Federals• Yanks• Billy Yanks• Yankees
• South• Rebels• Rebs• Confederates• Graybacks• Butternuts• Johnnies
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Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
• North• Battles fought away from home
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• North• Battles fought away from home• Less skills in the military arts
Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
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• North• Battles fought away from home• Less skills in the military arts• Thousands of immigrants fighting for
no purpose that made sense to them
Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
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• North• Battles fought away from home• Less skills in the military arts• Thousands of immigrants fighting for
no purpose that made sense to them• Farm acreage
• 65% of crops were wheat and corn
Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
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• North• Battles fought away from home• Less skills in the military arts• Thousands of immigrants fighting for
no purpose that made sense to them• Farm acreage
• 65% of crops were wheat and corn• Divided politically
Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
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Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life
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• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life• Fought on their own land, which they knew
better than their opponents
Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
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• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life• Fought on their own land, which they knew
better than their opponents• Military tradition- nearly every male citizen
skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully
Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
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• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life• Fought on their own land, which they knew
better than their opponents• Military tradition- nearly every male citizen
skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully
• Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern society
Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
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• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life• Fought on their own land, which they knew
better than their opponents• Military tradition- nearly every male citizen
skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully
• Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern society
• Strong military tradition-Many Army and Navy officers were recruited
Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)
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Civil War Video
@ 29:20 minutes into video #2