Download - A Look Inside the Digestive System
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A Look Inside
By : Samantha Maldonado
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Table of Contents
The Amazing Digestive System ..............................................p.3Digestion's Helpers ................................................................p.4On The Way Down..................................................................p.5-6Digestion At Risk.....................................................................p.7-8A Mighty Clean System...........................................................p.9
Conclusion...............................................................................p.10Glossary ..................................................................................p.11-12Bibliography..........................................................................p.13
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Do you know about the digestivesystem? Do you know why it is important?The digestive system is a complex seriesof organs that break down your food andget rid of waste. Food contains vitamins,nutrients, and minerals your body needs.Your body uses food to grow, stay
healthy, mend itself, and give you energy.To be able to use the food we
eat, our body has to break it downinto very small molecules it can
use. Some parts of the system aretube like that contain the food. Otherparts contain or make digestivejuices.
The AmazingDigestive System
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Digestions
Helpers
The main organs of the digestive
system have important jobs.You will
learn what the main parts are called and
what they do.
The mouth is first in the digestive
system. The mouth partly breaks down
food by chewing. Enzymes also helpwith the breakdown of food.
The esophagus forces food down
the throat after you swallow. It uses wave-
like muscle movements to get the food tothe stomach.
The stomachs job is to churn food
in a very strong acid called gastric acid.
The small intestine uses bile
and enzymes to break down the food.
It then absorbs all the nutrients from
the food.
In the large intestine, most of thewater and electrolytes are removed from
the food. Microbes also help the large
intestine in the digestive process.[a]
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On The
Way Down
Your mouth is the start of the
digestive process. Teeth chew your
food into pieces. Saliva and enzymes
partly break down the food. Then,
your tongue pushes that bit of food
into a bolus and into the opening of
the esophagus.
Now the food is inside the
esophagus. You cant just expect thefood to drop into the stomach. The
esophagus uses rhythmic, wave-like
muscle movements to force food
down toward the stomach.
Your stomach now has to
churn and mash the bits of food that
had come from the esophagus into
smaller and smaller pieces. To be able
to do this, the stomach needs helpfrom very strong muscles in its walls. It
also uses gastric acid to digest food.
Aside from breaking down food,
gastric acid also helps kill bacteria that
might be in the eaten food. Then the
stomach slowly empties the mixtureinto the small intestine.
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The food then enters the large
intestine. By now, whats left over is
stuff your body cannot use. It needs to
pass out of the body.But before it goes,
it passes through the part of the large
intestine called the colon. This is where
the body gets its last chance to absorb
the water, minerals and electrolytes. As
the water leaves the waste, whats left
gets harder and harder until it becomes
solid.
The large intestine then pushes
the waste into the rectum. It staysthere until you get the urge to use the
bathroom where it then exits through
the anus.
Once in the small intestine, it breaksdown the food even more so your bodycan absorb all the vitamins, minerals,proteins, carbohydrates and fats. In thesmall intestine, your food first enters the
duodenum . It then enters thejejunumand then the ileum . Theliver makes bile. The gallbladder
stores bile so the small intestine can use itlater on. Inside the small intestine, bile anddigestive enzymes help break down food.
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Digestion at Risk
Almost everybody gets a
digestive problem at a time or another.Some conditions like indigestion or
diarrhea are common. They can result
in a little discomfort and get better on
their own or are easy to treat. Other
conditions like inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) can be long lasting ortroublesome. GI specialists (doctors
who research the digestive system)
can be helpful when dealing with
these kinds of conditions.
Conditions affecting the
esophagus can be congenital
or non congenital. These
include:
Tracheoesophageal fistula andesophageal atresia are examples ofcongenitalconditions.Tracheoesophageal fistula iswhen there is a connection between the
esophagus and the tracheawhere there shouldnt be one. Withesophageal atresia in babies, theesophagus doesnt connect to thestomach, instead it comes to a deadend. Both of these conditions areusually detected soon after a baby isborn and sometimes even before. Theyneed surgery to be able to repair it.
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Esophagitis orinflammation of the esophagusis an example of a noncongenital condition.Esophagitis is usually causedby gastroesophageal refluxdisease, a condition in whichthe esophageal sphincterallows the acidic contents ofthe stomach to move backwardup into the esophagus.
Almost everyone experiencesdiarrhea or constipation at some pointin their lives. With diarrhea, musclecontractions move the contents in theintestines along too quickly. So there
isnt enough time to absorb most ofthe water before it gets out of thebody. Constipation is the exactopposite. The contents of the largeintestine move too slow causing thelarge intestine to absorb too muchwater. Then the feces become hard.Other conditions include:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome(IBS) is a common intestinaldisorder that affects thecolon. When muscles in thecolon dont work smoothly, aperson can feel the cramps,bloating, constipation anddiarrhea that might be signsof IBS. There is no cure, butit can be managed by makinglifestyle and diet changes.Sometimes medications can
be used as well.Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
is an inflammation of the intestines thataffects older kids, teens and adults.There are two main types: UlcerativeColitis, which usually only affects the
large intestine and rectum. Crohn'sDisease, which can affect the entiresystem from the mouth to anus as wellas other parts of the body. They aretreated with medications but sometimessurgery may be needed to removeinflamed or damaged parts.
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A Mighty Clean System To take care of our digestive system, itsimportant to choose the kind of food we eatfirst. Is this going to benefit my body? Is ithelping me maintain a well balanced diet?These are a few things we need to askourselves before we eat what is in front of us.
Eating foodsthat containfiber can behealthy for thedigestivesystem.Itmakes it easier
for waste to gothrough yoursystem.
Eating slowly andproperly is a goodway to helpdigestion. Mostly,when people eat,
they chew for a bitand then swallow. Itturns out thatchewing slowly andproperly can help ourbodies improve
digestion even better.
You also need to avoid oily foods. Oilmakes it hard for enzymes to break downthe piece of food you took. Eating too manygrains is also unhealthy. They can helpclean our intestines but eating too much is
unhealthy. Lastly, drinking water can also help with
digestion. It can help make it easier for wasteto go through the body. It is also advised notto drink cold water after a meal.
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Conclusion
Learning about the digestive
system has made me realize howimportant it is. It helps us get thenutrients we need to survive.Without it, our cells wouldn't beable to get the nutrients they need.I hope you realized that too.
Even though thedigestive system help us
get nutrients, we have tohelp the digestive systemstay healthy. If you don'twatch what you eat, it willaffect the system. Soplease try to take care ofyour digestive system.
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GlossaryAnus - The opening at the end of the
digestive system, through which
waste is excreted.
Bile - A digestive chemical that ismade in the liver, stored in thegallbladder and secreted in thesmall intestine.
Bolus - A soft, roundish lump ofchewed food.
Colon - The part of the largeintestine extending fromthe cecum to the rectum.
Congenital - Any kind of conditionpresent at birth.
Duodenum - The first part of the smallintestine.
Electrolytes - A kind of chemical.
Energy - The power that lets something move ordo work.
Enzymes - Any of various proteins capable ofproducing certain chemical changes indigestion.
Esophagus - The long tube between the mouthand stomach.
Gallbladder - A pear shaped muscular sackattached to the liver, in which bile isstored and concentrated.
GastricAcid - Digestive secretions of thestomach glands that help indigestion.
Ileum - The final part of the small intestine.Jejunum - The mid section of the small
intestine.
LargeIntestine - The widest part of thedigestive track that stores
waste.
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Liver - A body part that stores nutrientsfrom your food and also cleanspoisons from it.
Microbes - A kind of bacteria.
Molecules - Any very small particle.
Non Congenital - Any kind of conditionthat is not present atbirth.
Organs - A grouping of tissues into adistinct structure that performsa task.
Rectum - The last section of thedigestive track in which fecesis stored until it is eliminated
from the body.Saliva - A watery spit that forms in
your mouth.
Small Intestine- The narrowest part of thedigestive tract wheremost digestion happens.
Stomach - A sack like, muscular organthat is attached to theesophagus.
Trachea - The windpipe.
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Bibliography
websiteshttp://kids health.org www.Thedigestivesystem.net
booksYour Digestive SystemBy: Anita Ganeri Food and DigestionBy: Steve Parker Your Body Battles aStomachache
By: Vicki Cobb
www.EnchantedLearning.com
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