Download - A Living Planet Chapter 2
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A Living PlanetChapter 2
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Inside the Earth◦Inner Core-solid metallic
center
◦Outer core- melted iron/nickle hotter than mantle
◦Mantle- Thick layer of hot rock/ about 1800 miles thick
◦Magma- molten rock from the mantle. Will rise through crust.
◦Crust-thin layer of rock on earth’s surface
www.kidscosmos.org
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On and above the earth Atmosphere- air that surrounds the earth
Lithosphere-surface land areas of the earth’s crust including continents and ocean basins 30-90 miles deep
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Hydrosphere- 71% of earth surface◦Oceans, lakes, rivers, bodies of water, glaciers, permafrost
Biosphere- part of the earth where life is found
www.rsmas.miami.edu
www.sws.uiuc.edu
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Amount of water on earth constant. 97% salt water. 3% fresh water
◦2% locked up in glaciers. ◦.5% is locked up in lakes, rivers, ◦.5% ground water-water held in pores of rock.
Hydrological cycle- continuous circulation of water
Water table- The level at which the rocks become saturated (can rise or fall depending on precipitation and use)
Chapter 2.2 Bodies of water
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Landforms: Naturally formed features on Earth’s surface.
Oceanic Landforms◦Continental shelf-earth’s
surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean.
◦Have canyons, plains, ridges
Continental Landforms◦Relief: the difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to highest point.
http://www-class.unl.edu/geol101i/images/tectonics%20images/continental%20shelf.jpg
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TopographyCombination of the surface shape and
composition of the landforms in a region.
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Four categories of Topography
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Mountains
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Hills
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Plains
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Plateaus
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Continental Drift Pangea◦1912 Alfred Wegener of Germany
◦Idea that earth was once a supercontinent that divided slowly millions of years ago
◦Split into many plates
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Tectonic plates
Internal forces
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Convergent: Collision Boundary
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Convergent Boundary
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Transform boundary
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Weathering:• Breaking down of rocks,
soils and minerals and other artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, biota and waters.
• Occurs with no movement
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Mechanical Weatheringbreakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice and pressure.
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Chemical Weatheringinvolves the direct effect of atmospheric chemicals or biologically produced chemicals (also known as biological weathering) in the breakdown of rocks, soils and minerals.
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Erosion: • process by which material is removed from a
region of the Earth surface.• occurs due to transport by wind, water, or ice or
gravity