SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN TOURISM:
A Lesson from Sustainable Tourism through Adaptation and Mitigation Measures (STREAM) - Creating Low Carbon Destination
Framework Indonesia
byDR. Frans Teguh, MA
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia
UNWTO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGELegazpi City, 20 May 2014
Sustainable Tourism Development :Low Carbon Destination Framework
in Indonesia
Initiative, Action and Practices: STREAM Programme
Challenges and Steps Forward
SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
1
2
3
2
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT:LOW CARBON DESTINATION FRAMEWORK IN INDONESIA
1
3
BACKGROUNDImpact of Climate Change
Source : Philipp Ehmer, 2008, DB Research
Natural Hazards : increasing temperature, decreasing rainfall, increasingprecipitation, sea level rise, floods, tropical cyclones, drought, weatherextremes; Carbondioxide emissions; Vulnerability, Susceptibility, Lack ofCoping Capacities, Lack of Adaptive Capacities
4
Emission share from Tourism Industry
Source: UNWTO-UNEP, 2008
Sub - sector CO2 in MT Percentage Air transport 515 40%Car 420 32%Other transport 45 3%Accomodation 274 21%Activities 48 4%Total tourism 1.302 100%Total world according to IPCC 2007 26.400Share of Tourism in total world 5%
Tourism sector’s contribution to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions is in the order of just 5% (in 2005). Accommodation is responsible for an estimated 21% of emissions from tourism (UNWTO-UNEP-WMO
2008).
5
Economic EnvironmentSocial
IMPACTS
VisitorsIndustryHost
Community
NEEDS
Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia
Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs, which leads to the needs of tourists,industry, the environment and local communities in destinations (UNWTO, 2002)
One of the lessons from the drive to implement the MDGs is that full andproductive employment and decent work for all is both an objective and ameans of achieving sustainable development with social inclusion andgreater equity (Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, 2013)
6
7
8
Spatial Entity
Economics/Business
Entity
Social CultureEntity
Ecological and
Environment Entity
TOURISM DESTINATION ENTITY
Production base of creating experiences, quality of resources and quality of life
Uniqueness/Authenticy/Originality, Locality , Point
of Difference
9
TOURISM VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT
Value Changes Covering Forward and Backward linkages
Agriculture Marine & Fishery
Forestry Economics Environment Land use Community
10
STRATEGY: THE LINK BETWEEN DESTINATION AND ITS ENVIRONMENT
THE DESTINATION
CO2 Mitigation:
(Estimate the size current and future emissions, analysis cost of mitigation initiates)
Economic Development :
(Analyze strength and weakness, new sources of growth but less carbon emissions)
Adaptation :
(Analyze future climate treats, explore adaptation measures and cost occurred)
Institution Enablers :
(Develop strategy for critical enablers – money, spatial planning, community engagement, and cost occurred)
STRATEGY
DESTINATION MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTSUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
CO2Mitigation
AdaptationEconomic Development
Institutional Enablers
11
(Chapter I - Law No. 10 .2009 about Tourism)
1
Mandate of Sustainable Tourism Development
2 3
Tourism development in Indonesia is in line with the ethics and
principles of sustainable Tourism
Development.
Tourism development in Indonesia is based on
benefit, kinship, fair and equitable, balance, self-
reliance, continuity, participatory, sustainable development, democratic,
equality, and unity.
Tourism Destination Development Goals: increase economic growth,
improve people’s welfare, eradicate poverty, overcome unemployment,
preserve the nature, environment and resources, promote the culture, raise the nation’s image, foster a sense of patriotism, strengthen the nations’
identity and unity, and strengthen the intern-nation friendship.
(Chapter II - Law No. 10 .2009 about Tourism)
(Chapter II, Article 3 - Law No. 10 .2009 about
Tourism)
POLICYSustainable Tourism Development Policy
12
Low Carbon Destination Framework: Concept and Understanding
...
Low Carbon Destination significantly emphasizes on anenvironmental-friendly approach with regards to a measurablyneutral/zero carbon practices through mitigation andadaptation of climate change’s actions for all affected cross-sectors in the value chain of destination (water, agriculture,marine and fishery, health, energy, forestry and peat land,waste, industry, and transportation sector).
Serve as detailed policy guidance and mainstreaming tool andaffirmative implementation for the sectoral and cross-sectoraldevelopment programs responding to climate change.Neutral/zero carbon practices onto all aspects of developmentof tourism destination (planning and controlling)
13
Low Carbon Destination Framework: Objective & Output
Mitigation and adaptation aims to reduce GHG emissions through low carbondestinationGoal
Objective
Output
• Serve as detailed policy guidance and mainstreaming tool for the sectoraland cross-sectoral development programs to take up climate change into allaspects of development planning
• Increase community awareness on Ecological protection• relate to global climate change and on how low carbon destination will
positively contribute in sustainable tourism destination• Reduce unnecessary resource waste, improve energy management, increase
energy efficiency, and utilizing energy storage technology.• Reduce the use of fossil fuels: Adopt renewable energies and fossil fuel
alternatives, use bio-degradable materials, and reduce our dependence onfossil fuels
• Repositioning and rebranding destination’s image as low carbon destination
To preserve environment, better life quality of community, visitors andcommunity satisfaction and reduce emission through mitigation and adaptation
14
Low Carbon Destination Framework: : Indicators & Measurements
Sustainable Development in Tourism
Low Carbon Destination
• Existing and Future Climate Threats
• Adaptation measures
• Capacity Building
• Promoting Green Product
• Lower –neutral/zero carbon emissions
• Size of current and future GHG emission
• Energy Efficiency and Audit in Hotel, Restaurant, services, food
• Carbon footprint
• Utilization of Green IT
•Sustainable measurement
Reducing ecological threats : flooding, landslide, droughts, fires, pollution and ecosystem and supply chain degradation
Measuring, Reporting and Verification
Certification and Labeling in Sustainable Development
•Sustainable livelihood
•Involvement Community based development
•Local incentive and initiative
•Research and development
AdaptationProgram
MitigationEmissionsand Energy Efficiency
Ecological protection
Community engagement
15
Low-carbon tourism development
Media [Propaganda &
supervision]
Acedemia[Education and
technology support]
Non-profit organization [Supervision, assistance
and mutual help]
Agriculture and industry [Low-carbon production
and processing]
Visitors [Low-carbon
consumption]
Local community [Low-carbon production and life]
Protection organization [Supervision and
coordination]
Other entities
Volunteer organization [Propaganda with
supervision]
Government [management & plan]
Low Carbon Destination Framework: Stakeholder Involvement
Sumber: Adaptasi Berbagai Referensi , 2014
Concept of Sustainable Development Framework in Tourism
SDSN
GSTC
Sustainalble Development Goal
Agenda 21
Sustainable Consumption and Production
BACKGROUND
Sustainable Development in
Torurism
Sustainable Development
Tourism
Development
Konvergensi Sustainable Development in Tourism
Stream-lining Sustainable Develoment in Tourism
Strategic Issue
Strategic Value
Economic
PROGRAM
National Sustainable Tourism Council dan/ Sustainable Tourism Stewardship Council
Launch and global network
Destination Scoping
Sustainable Development in Tourism training
On Site Destination Assesment
Monitoring, blue
Recration Education Ecology
Social/Culture
Local Community
Marine & Fishery Forestry
Finance
QUALITY OF TOURISM
ACTION PLAN
Ecolabel and LCD
Green Tourism, Green Hotel
Akreditasi
Sertifikasi
Adaptasi Mitigasi
School of Interpretation
KLH DNPI
UKP4 BAPPENAS Depdagri
Sustainable Principles
Sustainable Livelihood
Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC), Sustainable Travel
International (STI), Rainforest Alliance (RA) dan United Nations
Concept of Sustainable Development Framework in Tourism
17
Low Carbon Destination Model & Platform
-Baseline- Indicator
- Audit- Monitoring
Culture - Tourism
Slow Tourism
Ecotourism
Sustainable LivelihoodSustainable DevelopmentSustainable Resources
Low Carbon Destination &
STD
BlueEconomy
Green Economy
ClimateChange
Energy AuditMitigationAdaptation
- Sustainability- low carbon
- social inclusiveness- efisiensi sumber daya
- Green products- Green service
- nature’s efficiency- zero waste- social inclusiveness - cyclic system of
production- innovation and
adaptation - social- geographical- economical- cultural
Geo-tourism
Profit/Benefit
People Planet
Bussiness Management
Extrintricvalue
LeadershipCoordination
PolicyAccountability
InstrumentValue
IntrinsicValue
EnduranceAwarenessParticipationOwnership ethics aesthetic economy
Destination
Value Orientation
Asimetric Balance/Dinamiic Balance
Source: Teguh, Frans 201218
Initiatives, Actions and Practices: STREAM Programme2
19
Roadmap on Sustainable Development in Tourism: Initiative and Action
Trihita Karana AwardCipta Award
Convergence ASEAN Tourism
Standard
Green HotelStandard Award
International Conference on Sustainable Development
Launching National Council on STD
Southeast Asia Regional Hub UNSDSN
Annual event on January: recognizes
environmentally-conscious hotels that
have shown excellence in green practices and
performed exceptionally-well under the ASEAN Green Hotel Standard
Annual event on October: a form of appreciation on the management of a
destination that have shown sustainability
measures pertaining to the environment, the economy, and culture
Annual event on December; award given to hotel
industry that have shown commitment to educate and
work on this initiative, particularly through our
ongoing support towards education, social welfare
and environmental initiatives
ASEAN criterias, standards and
requirements for : green hotel, Food and
Beverage Services,Public Restroom,
Home Stay, Ecotourism, Tourism
Heritage
6 October 2013Mobilizing scientific and technical expertise from academia, civil society,
and private sector in support of sustainable
development measures at local, national and
global scales asSDSN Southeast Asia Regional Hubs and
Indonesia
5- 6 october 2013Intensified challenges like climate change,
biodiversity loss, escalating scarcity of natural resources and growing urbanizationAnd plan to have ICSD
2014
20
National Working Group
• Policy on CC & SD, Low Carbon Scheme• Adaptation & Mitigation Program• Community Engagement & Capacity
Building• Stakeholder Involvement (Ownership &
Responsibility)• Scheme of Certification & Labelling in SD• Piloting Sustainable Destination Certified
& Destination Assessment, Standard & Monitoring, Training, Capacity Building
• MRV, Communication Mechanism on CC & Crisis Management
Initiated by Stakeholder Forum on 17 March 2014
and by September 2014Regional Hub for
Sustainable Tourism Council
Carbon Footprint in Tourism : Initiative and Action
Phase III: FacilitiesSetting targets and providing hospitality sector baseline
emission reduction obligations for the hospitality sector segments ready;
Applying the emission trading mechanism basic elements with the option of setting off the other
segments.
Phase II: Activities
Provide emission reporting obligations for certain hotel segment with a mechanism carrot sticks & clear (eg, associated with
the category of assessment);
Provide labeling / green hotel award with one of its parameters is the performance of the benchmark
emissions;
Make emission reduction commitments through union /
association
Phase I: ServiceDetermine the baseline of hospitality sector based on business scenario as
usual and mitigation potential and costs;
Determining benchmarks or standardized baseline for certain hotel groups that are updated periodically;
Socialization of PI mitigation benefits and potential use of carbon markets (CDM /
VCM / SKN) as incentive financing
21
Ministry of Tourism & Creative Economy, NGO, UNWTO
STREAM Programme in PangandaranAs a major tourism destination in West Java, Pangandaran faces both opportunitiesand threats from tourism. Continuous degradation of natural resources and culturalvalues are the cost it has to pay.Supported by UNWTO and MTCE; local community of Pangandaran and localgovernment of Ciamis have initiated tourism planning which combine environmentalconsideration and biodiversity conservation to tourism development. Local communitygroups have started adaptation initiatives by developing coral adoption tours fortourists. UNWTO and MTCE will continue its support until 2012 in developingmitigation measures in Energy Efficiency program; together with local hotel, touroperators, and business.
22
Joint Venture : Initiative and Action
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
23
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
24
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
25
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
26
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
Planning and
Policy
Sabuk Hijauarea
established by the local
village
Village Tourism
Management Body (Badan
PengelolaPariwisata
Desa/LP2B)
Planting Mangrove and Coral
Reef
3000 coastal plants
More than 1000
seedlings
More than 1400
fragments of coral
Renewable Energy
Solar energy boat
Wind power electricity
Solar panel for bulaksetra
Solar panel for coast guard
Tourism Attractions
Development in
Pangandaran
Tourism packages
(mangrove tour)
Around 300 tourists
Tourist supporting
facilities, icon and tourism information
centre
Awareness and
Capacity Building
Mangrove ambassadors program with
18 schools
Guidebook for tourist
guide
Social Media
National and International
Film
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
27
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Mangrove Nursery Ground
28
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Mangrove Plantation
Gradual Plantation:• Initial seedlings taken from outside
Pangandaran• Current seedlings from within
Pangandaran
29
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: AdaptationCreating seedlings nursery ground organized by the community
Mangrove PlantationMangrove Nursery
Mangrove seedlings stock for Pangandaran area and surroundings
30
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Trainings for the community, local government and teachers, were
done gradually according to plantation phase
Mangrove NurseryMangrove Plantation
Capacity building and environmental awareness
31
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Capacity building and environmental awareness
32
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
• Stakeholders agreement;• Local government launched
Bulaksetra as the GREEN BELT AREA in BabakanVillage
Establishing Babakan Village Tourism Management Body (Lembaga Pengelola PariwisataDesa Babakan)
Planning and Policy
Development of New Tourist Attractions
33
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Alternatives for Entry Points Location of Tourism Objects
Mangrove Education Centre and Village
open area
Watertubingand Outbond
area
Shelter and Interpretation
Mangrove bridge and
floating deck
Education hut and
Nursery AreaBoat dock
PutrapingganRiver Bridge
Boat dock
34
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Development of mangrove adoption tour packagesPromotion, tour promo, coordination with tour operators
Development of New Tourist Attractions
35
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Mangrove Ambassadors Programme with 18 schools in PangandaranBE AN ADOPTER!
36
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Trainings for BKSDA, yachters, were done gradually for plantation stage
Capacity building and environmental awareness
37
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Adaptation
Ecosystem restoration should be a collective sustainable movement
Everybody’s planting, everybody’s preserving 38
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Intervention: Mitigation
39
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Achievements: Mitigation
40
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
STREAM Lesson Learnt: Mitigation
• Most small hotels have poor knowledge and skills on managing hotel that meet certain quality standard
• Developing energy efficiency program at small hotel and restaurant: Requires flexibility of activities component, yet clear goal and strategies Need patience, determination and creativity
• Build energy efficiency culture in the institution requires continuous assistance and commitment
• Successful energy efficiency program requires leadership and commitment from top management and owners
• Technology is not everything. Institutional capacity to operate and maintain technology is needed to ensure the technology deliver their best performance to cut energy cost
• Seeing is believing – small hotel sees new technology as risk to their business. Once they believe, it is easier.
• In average, energy consumption of small hotel in Pangandaran is 70-80% lower of average typical energy consumption of hotel in Europe (320kWh/m2)
• Engaging local stakeholders at the first place helps to smoothen project implementation41
STREAM Programme in Pangandaran
42
National Cooperation Scheme : Initiative & Action
• Reduce carbon footprint of the tourism sector, in line with the Government ofIndonesia’s policy, to transfer technology and building capacity.
• Increase the sector’s awareness to the importance of direct engagement inensuring healthy ecosystems, while generating revenue streams to fundconservation efforts led by provincial communities.
• Walkthrough energy audit conducted: St Regis, Melia Bali Hotel, Nusa Dua Convention Center (approached to participate: Ayodya, Melia Benoa, Laguna, Clubmed)
• Approaching more hotels in Bali to participate• Identification of financing scheme for energy efficiency implementation in
hotels• Carbon market feasibility study• Developing conservation fund management and distribution scheme
43
National Cooperation : Initiative and Action
• Program on showcase movie on Climate change impacts in 4 Institute of Tourism in Indonesia
• Education is important factor to imply sustainable concept• Training and education direct to Tourism frontline actors (tourist guide etc.)• Climate change and Sustainable tourism should be mandatory in Sekolah Tinggi
Pariwisata (Institute of Tourism) • How to raise community awareness that CSR is not philanthropy act but should be
included within business supply chain• Educating in form of capacity building to procurement actors focusing on sustainable
production and consumption• Improving management system by ISO 50001 certification (energy)
44
National Cooperation Scheme : Initiative and Action
• Encourage hotel willingness to participate in the program as most hotels are member of Indonesian Chamber of Commerce.
• Offers other stakeholder to join Indonesia Business council for working group. A working group in energy efficiency, WBSD (world business for sustainable development).
45
Green Globe 21 CertificationReceived GREEN GLOBE 21 Benchmarked Certificate (2004)under the new GREEN GLOBE 21 Certification program. Ithas a series of mitigation measures, covering its energy andwater consumption, waste production and disposal; as wellas implementing an integrated environmental and socialpolicy. (pic: Gran Melia Hotel, Jakarta)
Lodges IndonesiaEcolodge - local chain hotel is deeply committed to theconservation of this rich biodiversity area. All five lodges tryto implement modest mitigation measures; while alsocontributing to adaptation initiative by putting apercentage of revenue to developing and supporting arange of conservation projects in the surrounding areas.Similar initiatives are also tried by other lodges, i.e.Sambodja. (pic: Sarinbuana Ecolodge, Bali)
Environmentally-friendly HotelAt the moment they are quite many environmentally friendly hotels operating in Indonesia. It ranges from international chain hotels who have received international awards; local chain lodges, and also small lodges.
46
National Scheme : Initiative and Action
National Scheme : Initiative and Action
Waste Management• Stocktaking of current initiatives and challenges• Implementation of several show cases on waste management
Energy efficiency and renewable energy (with hotel and local community)• Organisation of workshops on energy efficiency and renewable energies in hotels and identification of
training needs• Implementation of several show cases on energy efficiency and renewable energy in the hotels and local
communities Eco-certification / eco-label for green tourism products, e.g. accommodation, diving, trekking,
and village activities• Development of a concept for an Indonesian eco-label scheme based on international best practices, e.g.
linkage to the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC)• Feedback from stakeholders on the suggested eco-certification scheme• Development of a concept for an eco-certification scheme and identification of cooperation partners
from the private sector• Needs-based training measures• Introduction of the eco-certification scheme in Lombok
Streamlining Low Carbon Destination• Environment sustainability• Safety and security• Transportation• Infrastructure in Tourism
• Education in human resources• Resources management• Activities• Services
47
• In cooperation with Sustainable Tourism in a global possible consortium scheme involvingWorld Tourism Organization (UNWTO) to determine Destination Scoping, Training,Assessment, Standardization and certification platform in line with international standard
• Increasing Global Networking; formulate an action plan/blue print for selected destination asthe pilot project/demonstration program and to formulate an integrated SustainabilityObservatory with local/regional tourism plan
• Networking and stakeholders cooperation involving elements of academia,bussiness/industry, government (central and local), community, NGOs and Media
• Establishing National working group consist of Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy,Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Marine and Fishery, WWFIndonesia, National Watch for Climate Change, KADIN Indonesia dan Member/Expert
National Scheme : Initiative and Action
48
• Tourism eco region-based development is under GreenInvestment scheme (in cooperation with InvestmentCoordinationg Board)
• Integrating eco region development with the spatialplanning, mid-term development plan and database ofRegency, (cooperation with Eco Regions Indonesia/ERI)
• Hard and soft infrastructure to secure and promotesustainable economic development
• A catalogue of sustainable materials and technologies to beused
• Certified Sustainable Tourism Destination Plan forTamblingan Wildlife Nature Conservation, Komodo Island inFlores and Raja Ampat
National Scheme : Initiative and Action
49
Challenges and Steps Forward3
50
Challenges and Steps ForwardAccelerating National Platform on Sustainable Tourism Master Plan & Sustainable Observatory Program
(incl. technical cooperation with UNWTO and other agencies)Carrying out multilayer partnership and multilevel coordination in the implementation of Sustainable
Development in Tourism & Low Carbon Destination Framework.Promoting Local Knowledge Management (balancing ethics value, aesthetics value, economics value) and
creating a good MRV System for measuring emissions change and implement adaptation measures to makethe destination more resilient to climate change.
Strengthening innovative actions : energy efficiency and audit, renewable resources, education in climatechange, green infrastructure, green city, green building, environmental friendly industry, innovation andtechnology, green investment, carbon market, carbon footprint and green business as well as green programin tourism, for example: bringing best practices of STREAM project to be replicated to other destinationsbeyond Pangandaran under national & international scheme of cooperation
Encouraging Stakeholder awareness on Environmental Friendly Activities as an agent/party of climatechange - not as business as usual
Optimising Synergize all stakeholders efforts to tourism and hospitality sector creating SustainableDevelopment in Tourism & Low Carbon Destination Framework
Establishing National Council on Sustainable Development in Tourism as a strategic institution in creatingSustainable Destination Certified/Label, and promoting quality of destination in cooperation with nationaland international institutions
Undertaking Market analysis and trends on slow tourism product, eco-friendly product of tourismEncouraging resources management program and activity to include social, economic, environment,
competitiveness, attractiveness, and sustainability Strengthening Regional & National Political Will and Political Budgets to integrate sustainable development
targets and measures. 51
Earth, water, and the natural riches they containshall be controlled by the state and used for theprosperity of the people.Indonesian Constitution 1945, Article Number 33
The world is a dangerous place to live, notbecause of the people who are evil, but becauseof the people who don’t do anything about it.Albert Einstein
52
TerimakasihThank You
Maraming Salamat