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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20051
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan [email protected] GG Brown Building, 2350 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 USA +1-734-936-0407
A 21st CENTURY ENGINEERING EDUCATION FOR LEADING
CONCURRENT DISCOVERY AND INNOVATION
A. Galip UlsoyWilliam Clay Ford Professor of Manufacturing
2005 CIRP General Assembly, Antalya, Turkey
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20052
Engineering Benefits Society
• The 20th Century saw many amazing benefits of engineering to society, e.g.:- Electric power- Automobiles- Assembly lines
- Medical devices and imaging- Water and sewage systems- Computers and internet- Satellites and spacecraft
• A Scientist studies what is, whereas an Engineer creates what never was - T. Von Karman
• Engineering education provides the foundation for these benefits - will it continue to do so in the 21st Century?
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20053
21st Century Context for Engineering
• Societal megatrends:- Accelerating rate of new knowledge generation- Increasing globalization- Changing demographics
Forgac’s Law:
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R& D expense
Sales revenue(%) =
16
Marketable product life (yrs)
USA
Manuf
Jobs
1900 1925 1950 1975 2000 2025
steel mills
printed circuits
(TV)
surface mount (cell
phones)
future technologies
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20054
Current Status and Trends
• About 60,000 engineering bachelors degrees are awarded in the USA annually.
• In the European Union over 170,000 and in Japan over 100,000 awarded.
• Globally engineering degrees awarded in major developing nations (e.g., China, Eastern/Central Europe, India) is over 500,000.
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20055
Current Status and Trends - USA
• About 60,000 to 70,000 engineering degrees are awarded in the USA annually, and are a declining percentage relative to other fields.
• About 30,000 masters degrees and 6,000 doctoral degrees are also awarded annually.
• The majority of engineering graduate students are foreign born.
• About 20% of these degrees are awarded to women.
• About 10% of engineering faculty are female, 3% Hispanic-American, and 2% African-American.
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20056
Preparing Engineers: The Curriculum
• The public image of engineering is not appealing, despite good employment opportunities at favorable salaries.
• In reality engineering prepares students for many diverse careers, e.g., 22% of Fortune 200 CEOs are engineers.
• Engineering curricula emphasize the technology, not the benefits to society.
• No major revisions since the infusion of engineering science in the 1960’s.
• These curricula are now a global commodity; excellent engineers are educated in low-wage countries.
• Many recognize that significant change is needed, and beginning to occur
• ABET’s new EC2000 supports curricular change
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20057
Changes in Academe
Department-based
Campus-centric
Building-block courses
Few links to industry
Research vs. education
Topic-based
Global reach
Holistic curriculum
Robust industry partnership
Integration of research and education
Conventional Emerging
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20058
What Does the 21st Century Engineer Need To Be?
• An agile and independent learner who can acquire new knowledge as needed to tackle new problems.
• Strongly grounded in fundamentals:- Science (including biology)- Math (including statistics, discrete mathematics)- Principles of design and manufacturing- Ability to research new topics
• Skilled in communications and teamwork
• Broadly educated with:- Strategic and global perspectives- Social and ethical perspectives- Economic and business perspectives- Environmental perspectives- Artistic perspectives
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 20059
A Vision of the 21st Century Engineer?
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• Who will be our role model for the 21st Century Engineer?- Dilbert? Leonardo?- Both? Neither?
• Engineering will continue to be a collaborative effort, with teams of individuals who have specific disciplinary and complementary expertise, plus the skills to work together effectively.
• We must have a vision of the 21st Century Engineer
• Engineering education and curricula must support that vision
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A. Galip Ulsoy, William Clay Ford Professor of ManufacturingMechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125 USA
August 25, 200510
The Renaissance Engineer
• Holistic designer
• Astute maker
• Trusted innovator
• Harm avoider
• Change agent
• Master integrator
• Enterprise enabler
• Knowledge handler
• Technology steward
• A scientific basis to structure student-centered learning for the next generation renaissance engineer?
• Multiple Intelligences [H. Gardner, 1999]:- Linguistic
- Logical/mathematical
- Musical
- Spatial
- Bodily/Kinesthetic
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
- Naturalist
• Research-based curriculum [Boyer Commission, 1998]