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A Framework to Engineer A Framework to Engineer Communities of Web ServicesCommunities of Web Services
Jamal BentaharConcordia University (Montreal, Canada)
Royal Holloway, University of London Royal Holloway, University of London
July 09, 2007July 09, 2007
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Overview
• Context and Motivations
• Communities of Web Services: Definitions
• Communities of Web Services: Engineering
• Argumentation between Web Services
• Conclusion and Future Work
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Context
• Web services (WSs): A new breed of Web application
• Self-contained
• Self-describing
• Can be published, located, and invoked across the Web
• Functions: anything from simple requests to complicated
business processes
• Once a Web service is deployed, other applications (and other
Web services) can discover and invoke the deployed service
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Technologies
• Web service (WS)
• Software application identified by a URI
• XML artifacts: Interface definition and discovering
• Web Service Description Language (WSDL)
• Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)
registry, ebXML
• Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)
• SOAP defines a common standard that allows different
systems to interoperate
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Standards and Projects
• Standards for Services definition, discovery, and
security
• Projects for Web services composition,
personalization, and contextualization
• Composition: • A user's request cannot be satisfied by any single, available
Web service
• A composite Web service obtained by combining available
Web services may be used
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Service-Oriented Architecture
Service Provider
Service RequestorService Broker
Bind(SOAP)
Publish(WSDL) Find
(UDDI)
ServerServer
ClientClientNaming ServiceNaming Service
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Motivations
• Communities of Web services
• Gathering WSs with similar functionalities (e.g.
FlightBooking)
• How to initiate, set up, and specify a community of WSs?
• How to specify and manage the WSs that reside in a
community?
• How to conciliate conflicts within a community and
between communities?
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Motivations
• What can agent technology do for communities of
WSs?
• The notion of agent: software-based computer system that
enjoys the following properties:
• Autonomy
• Reactivity
• Pro-activeness
• Social ability
• Interest of agent reasoning and communication capabilities
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Overview
Context and Motivations
• Communities of Web Services: Definitions
• Communities of Web Services: Engineering
• Argumentation between Web Services
• Conclusion and Future Work
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• Collection of WSs with a common functionality
• These WSs could have distinct non-functional
properties
• A means for providing a common description of a
desired functionality
• Objective: To ease and improve the process of Web
services discovery and composition
Communities of WSs
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Architecture of WSs Communities
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Operations for Community Management
LeavingLeaving
WS1WS1
Community of Web Services
JoiningJoining
WS3WS3 WS8WS8
WS6WS6
WS2WS2 WS7WS7
WS4WS4
WS5WS5
• A community of Web services is dynamic by nature:
Temporarily UnavailableTemporarily Unavailable
Resuming operation after
suspension
Resuming operation after
suspension
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Overview
Context and Motivations
Communities of Web Services: Definitions
• Communities of Web Services: Engineering
• Argumentation between Web Services
• Conclusion and Future Work
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• Community management:1. Development
• Functionality definition
• Master WS deployment:
• A dedicated Web service plays the role of master for the time being of a community
• Identifying a Web service from the list of Web services populating a community to act as a master
2. Dismantlement • Number of active WSs
Operations for Community Management
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• Web services:
3. Attraction
• UDDI consultation
• Joining persuasion
4. Retention
• Active behavior
• Collaborative environment
Operations for Community Management
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Community Management
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• Master WS leads the community:
• Inviting and convincing Web services to
sign up in the community
• Checking the credentials of Web services
before they get admitted
Development
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• A master WS responsibility:
• Attracting new Web services to and
retaining existing Web services in a
community
• Consulting UDDI and checking the
functionality description of existing WSs
Attraction and Retention
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• Web services in a community should expose a
cooperative attitude
• Web services should be aware of some peers in
the community that could replace them in case of
failure
• Web service should be satisfied with their
participation rates in composite Web services
Retention
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WSCD Protocol
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CN Protocol: WS Selection
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Master WS Architecture
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Slave WS Architecture
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Protocol Interactions
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Overview
Context and Motivations
Communities of Web Services: Definitions
Web Services Communities: Engineering
• Argumentation between Web Services
• Conclusion and Future Work
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Agents for WSs
Agent 1Agent 1 Agent 2Agent 2
Negotiation
Persuasion
Cooperation
Conflict solving
…
Negotiation
Persuasion
Cooperation
Conflict solving
…
Conversations: Coherent sequences of utterancesConversations: Coherent sequences of utterances
Reasoning
Capabilities
Reasoning
Capabilities
Reasoning
Capabilities
Reasoning
Capabilities
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• The notion of argument:
a pair <Premises, Conclusion>
• An argument is a pair (P, c) where P is a
set of beliefs and c is a formula, such
that:
i) P is consistent, ii) P c
Argumentation
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• Argumentation is a dialectical process
• Attack relation: binary relation between
arguments
Argumentation Dynamics
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Community Management Operations
Argumentative Agent Framework
Dialogue game protocols: specification, implementation, and verification
Global View
Argumentation-based Framework for Communities of WSs
Argumentation-based Framework for Communities of WSs
Communication, Negotiation and Persuasion between WSs
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New Architecture of WSs Communities
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Dialogue Games
• Abstract structures that can be composed:• Sequencing:
• Embedding:
• Parallelization:
• Decision making process
• Computational analysis
Game 1 Game 2,
Game1
Game 2… …
Game 1 Game 2//
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Specification of Dialogue Games
• A persuasion/negotiation protocol
• Specification language
Entry gameExit conditions (Termination)
Chaining gamesChaining games
Action_Ag1 Action_Ag2Cond
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Entry Game
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Defense Game
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Attack Game
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PNAWS Protocol
• PNAWS: Persuasion/Negotiation for Agent-based
Web Services protocol
• BNF grammar
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Protocol Dynamics
Defense game
Attack game
Justification game
t1 t2 t3 t4
Acceptance
Challenge gameAcceptanceChallenge game Attack game
Refusal Termination
Entry game
t0
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• For any dialogue games, the PNAWS
protocol always terminates
• Recursive definition
• The same move is prohibited
• The content of communicative acts is finite
• Challenge and attack moves are finite• The agent-based WS’s knowledge bases is finite
Termination Proof
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• Effect of using argumentative agents on
QoS
• Reasoning about small knowledge base is
efficient
• Polynomial time algorithms when using
Horn clauses
Complexity
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• (1) XML used for request and response specification
between users and WSs and also between master
WS and slave WSs
• (2) JDK 1.4 used for operation processing,
• (3) Jack for argumentative agents and dialogue
games
• (4) Eclipse 3.1 as an integrated development
environment
Implementation
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Implementation: System Architecture
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Conclusion
• From WSs to Communities of WSs
• Specification and development of an argumentation-based framework for communities of WSs
• Advantages:• Autonomous and flexible WSs and composite
WSs
• Intelligent and dynamic WSs
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Future Work
• Specifying other protocols using the developed framework
• Defining operational and denotational semantics
for these protocols
• Verifying these protocols by model checking
• Developing security policies for the communities
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Collaborators
• Zakaria Maamar: Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• Djamal Benslimane: Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
• Philippe Thiran: University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
• Sattanathan Subramanian: University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
• Muhammad Younas: Oxford Brookes University, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UKOxford, UK
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A Framework to Engineer A Framework to Engineer Communities of Web ServicesCommunities of Web Services
Jamal BentaharConcordia University (Montreal, Canada)
Royal Holloway, University of London Royal Holloway, University of London
July 09, 2007July 09, 2007