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A day in the life…. Tom McElroy
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Alan Brewer
Alan Brewer Michael McItnyre Kiril Seminiuk Alan Brewer 1999 50th anniversary of the Brewer-Dobson paper
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 2
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Transport Canada
Photo: Canadian Aviation Museum
JetStar aircraft used to make NO2
profile Measurements published in
Nature, November, 1973
The NO2
Measurements
were made
with an early
version of the
Brewer
Ozone
Spectrophotometer
Atlantic Canada
Aviation Museum
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Concorde 002 1973
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 4
Concorde 002 interior
002 landing at Fairford England
Whitey
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1982
Delivered the first Brewer
to Thessaloniki, Greece
and the second to
Norkkoping, Sweden.
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Yorkton, SK 1975 Palestine, TX 1978
STRATOPROBE
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 6
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Tiny Tim
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BOIC Balloon Ozone
Intercomparison Campaign
1983
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Balloon
Intercomparison
Campaign
BIC
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Damage
Former far-IR Michelson UK NPL Pointing system
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 10
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SPEAM-1 Marc Garneau operates
the AES SunPhotometer
on board the Orbiter
Challenger
Note the use of
sunglasses and a special
UV filter on the side-hatch
window to provide
protection from the intense
solar ultraviolet in space.
An ozone profile paper
was published in the
Canadian Journal of
Physics in 1991 by
McElroy et al.
1984: Marc Garneau. Photo courtesy of NASA.
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 11
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Laser Heterodyne Spectrometer
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 12
Lead salt TDL
In vacuum at
38K
Spears
HgCdTe
1 GHz
photodiode
Denver, CO, 1985-1987
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Central Control
Two TI 790 mini computers.
Suntracker microcomputer.
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 13
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A Rat’s Nest On the left:
A backing pump.
On rack above, two
helium coolers for the
lead salt TDLs.
On the right:
The wiring, plumbing
and optical bench.
The system included
2 minicomputers and over
1 dozen microcomputers
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In the mid to late 1980s…
• Much pseudo-scientific debate about ozone
• Public concern but a lack of knowledge
• EC Ozone Watch and UV Index programs
• Ozone watch to let the public judge for themselves
• UV Index to increase awareness of the impact of ozone change and the need to change behaviour
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 15
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Thomas MacMillan 1987: Progressive
Conservative
Environment Minister
Thomas MacMillan
signs the Montreal
Protocol Agreement
for Canada
26 years ago,
September, 1987
" Perhaps the single most
successful international
agreement to date has
been the Montreal Protocol.“
-Kofi Annan, Former
Secretary General
of the UN
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 16
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Montreal Protocol - 1987
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SPEAM-2
Steve MacLean Photo courtesy
Canadian Space Agency
C o nca ve
H o log ra ph ic
G rating
Step pi n g
M ot or
F ilte r
W h eels
F ield
L en sER -2 Pri sm
M o d ule
R eti co n
1024 Elem e nt
Ph o to d io de
A rr ay
St ep pin g
M o tor
F i eld
L en s
K ryp ton
L am p
N eo n Lam p
Zen
ith
Nad
ir
St ep pin g
M o tor
15.0 c m
On STS-52 in October, 1992
EC SunPhotoSpectrometer
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 19
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Chemistry Arctic Stratospheric Experiment
revealed large variations in
chemistry between the best
model results and observations
EC developed the
Composition and
Photodissociative Flux
Measurement pod
based on the
SunPhotoSpectrometer
Flown on STS-52
NASA ER-2
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 20
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MANTRA [Middle Atmosphere Nitrogen TRend Assessment]
Balloon Project Partners
• Meteorological Service of Canada
• University of Toronto
(Strong & Drummond)
• York University
• University of Waterloo
• Service d’Aéronomie, Paris
Funding
• Canadian Space Agency
• Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council
• Canadian Foundation for Climate
and Atmospheric Science
• Meteorological Service of Canada
It turned out to be the
‘Balloon that got Away’ MANTRA 1998
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 21
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Filling an 11Million Cubic Foot
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MANTRA
Jonathan Davies and a
number of students
nanch an Ozonesonde
on a 1000,000 cu ft
Raven balloon
Vanscoy, SK
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Safely Landed!
Photo taken by Finnish journalist.
Borrowed from Canadian Geographic.
After a 10-day jaunt across
the main trans-Atlantic air routes
pursued by Canadian F-18s,
the balloon finally made a safe
landing on Mariehamn Island in
the Baltic Sea.
The payload was damaged but
all instruments returned home
in useful condition.
Our friends in the Finnish Met
Service travelled to the Island,
boxed up the payload and
returned it to Toronto via New
York.
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Borrowed from
Canadian Geographic
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MAESTRO Under Test…2003
~15 cm
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Brewer Work and Workshops
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 27
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Cosy accommodations and 30,000 litres of liquid helium
during 2008 trip to the South Pole
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Arriving McMurdo
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 29
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Loading in McMurdo
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 30
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Hercules LC-130
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 31
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South Pole An Environment Canada
double Brewer was installed
on the roof of the clean air
laboratory of NOAA about
500 m from the South Pole
in 2008.
The Brewer corroborated
the measurements made by
the NOAA Dobson at the
South Pole via a completely
independent calibration path.
The instrument is still running
well in spite of minimal
maintenance.
Summer!
-48 C
10 kts wind
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 32
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Polar-5 2009
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 33
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Survival!
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MAESTRO-B 2011
CNES-CSA
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July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 36
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July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 37
CNES launch of
MAESTRO-B in Kiruna,
Sweden, 2011
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2011 Beijing Brewer Workshop
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Zheng Xiangdong
July 15-19, 2013 UofT CREATE Summer School 39
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Funding for this work is provided by:
July 15-19, 2013 U of T CREATE Summer School -40-
The CSA/ABB/NSERC Industrial Research Chair in Atmospheric Remote sounding at York University
CSA The Canadian Space Agency
ASC Agence spatiale canadienne
ABB Incorporated, Quebec City, Canada
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Conseil de recherches en sciences naturelles et en génie du Canada
Acknowledgement: David Barton, York University
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The End Thank you for your attention
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Some of the folks who have helped me along the way…
Alan W. Brewer David I. Wardle James B. Kerr Gordon Shepherd Bill Gee Aaron Ullberg Clive Midwinter James Drummond Mike Kurylo Bob Hum Ueli Rentsch Art Schmeltekopf
Michael Prather Ralph Nicholls Alex Chisholm Wayne Evans David Barton Bob Hall Stella Melo Heather Mackey Chris McLinden Jack McConnell David Francis And many others…
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In Memoriam
Some of the folks listed on the previous slide passed on in the last few years -
Art Schmeltekopf Ralph Nicholls
Alan Brewer Clive Midwinter
Bill Gee