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• A crude (lower limit) estimation of resolution and event rate
• Development and Construction of an Extensive Air Shower Array in HOU
Antonis Leisos, Hellenic Open UniversityErlangen 11-13 April 2006
Calibration of a km3 ν-Telescope Using Extensive Air Showers
The project is co-funded by the European Social Fund & National Resources EPEAEK-II (PYTHAGORAS)
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Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum
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The General Idea…
•Angular offset
•Efficiency
•Resolution
•Position
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The Example of Amanda-Spase
30 stations (4 scint. 0.2 m2 in a triangular grid, 30m spacing)
B10 resolution 3.8 degrees
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~4km
~20km
Very High Energy
Very High Zenith AngleExtreme low rate
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Floating stations
(Sea Technology?)
The Concept
We propose a minimum of 3 stations with at least 3 m2 scintillator
detectors each
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Single Station
GPSScintillator-PMTScintillator-PMT
Scintillator-PMT
DAQ
~20 m
1 m2
Single Station Set-Up
Triangulation
Shower Direction
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Multi Station Set upMulti Station Set-Up
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The HELYCON Scintillation Module
Scintillator 2
Scintillator 3
GPS timestamp
Station Server
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Prototype Construction
10 x 12 cm tiles
80 tiles ~ 0.96 m2
12 WLS fibers per row
Single PMT read out
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Scintillators & WLS fibers
WLS fibers: Bicron (BCF-91A)
Light attenuation length: 330cm
Scintillators :
Protvino (Russia) Emission spectrum:420 nm Decay time 2 ns
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PMT Testing
Photonis XP-1912Standard, 10-stage, 19 mm (3/4") round tube
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Detector Testing
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DAQ
GPS Input
USB PortTrigger Ouput4 PMT Signal Inputs
25ps accuracy TDC
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DAQ•Handles 4-channels
•Adjustable PMT Thresholds
•Relative Arrival times < 1ns
•Estimates Pulse sizes (TOT) and Shapes
•Synchronization with GPS ~ 25ns
•Digital Interface to PC
•Slow Controls & Environmental Monitoring
HPTDC
• 32 channels (LR) – 8 Channels (HR)
•25ps (HR) to 800 ps (LR) accuracy
•Self Calibrating
GPS
(Motorola M12+Timing Oncore)
• 25 ns UTC accuracy can be better (up to 5ns)
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Software Tools
CORSIKA(Extensive Air Shower
Simulation)
GEANT4(Scintillation, WLS & PMT response)
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Software Tools
DAQSIM(DAQ Simulation)
HOUANA(Analysis &
Track Reconstruction)
Time (ns)
Height (mV)
Zentih (degrees)
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Monte Carlo Studies• Reconstruction of Shower Direction
• Reconstruction of the Shower Core
Properties
Charge (p.e.s)
Distance from core (m)
Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV)
Distance from core (m)
Particles/m2
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Monte Carlo StudiesNeeded corrections
curvature
thickness
ns after 1st particle
Core distance>500m
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Monte Carlo Studies
Time Delay (ns)
Pes
Time Spread (ns)
Pes
Some Corrections (thickness)
Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV)
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Monte Carlo Studies
Θrec-Θtrue Pull
Single Station Performance
Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV) QC: charge(p.e.s)>75.
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Monte Carlo Studies
Distance from core (m) Distance from core (m)
Reconstruction efficiency Resolution (degrees)
Single Station Performance
Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV) QC: charge(p.e.s)>75.
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Monte Carlo StudiesExamples of a 3-Station
Performance
(Crude Analysis)
Vertical Proton Showers (106-107 GeV)
Threshold Charge (pes) Threshold Charge (pes)
Resolution per reconstructed track (degrees) Resolution in determining a possible Angular Offset (degrees)-10 day operation
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HELYCON Online Control & Data Analysis Package
control
real time monitor
shower reconstruction
data analysis
real data & data summary storage
graphics & presenter
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Time SchedulePrototype detector full test
(PMT and Scintillator)
May 2006
Production & test of 15 detectors
July 2006 (2 detectors per week)
Electronics Testing May-June 2006 (the prototype is currently tested)
DAQ Test + Detectors July-September 2006
Online Software-Analysis Tools-Reconstruction Strategy Development
-September 2006
3 station Run Autumn 2006
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Another use of the detectorsHELYCON
1019 eV
1017 eV
1015 eV
2 km