A CLEVELAND NATURALISTS' FIELDCLUB BULLETIN
Cleveland Flora 1985-2002
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20021
In 1994 Cleveland County Council published “A Guide to the Wild Flowers of Cleveland” by Ian Lawrence.Shortly after its publication Cleveland was divided into four Unitary Authorities: Langbaurgh, (now Redcar andCleveland), Middlesbrough, Stockton and Hartlepool. Despite these changes plant records continued to bekept so that when “New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora” was published in 2002 it was possible to send inour records.
Recently a number of computer systems have been installed in the North of England and elsewhere aroundthe British Isles with a new “Recorder 2003” system. Many botanists are now using Global Positioningmachines in the field so accurate grid references of plant sites can be obtained Also the introduction ofGlobal Imaging systems gives us some insight into the type of habitats where these plants grow. It isimportant that all new records should be put into these computer systems for future reference so that stepscan be taken to preserve our local flora. This list is an attempt to update the plant records that were listed in Ian Lawrence’s book. The plants listed inthis document have come from various sources. It would be impossible to mention everyone by name butfirst of all we must thank Ian for helping to keep botanical recording alive in this area and passing on hisknowledge to so many people. Many of these records would not have been possible without the field workcarried out by his two botanical study groups. Other records have also been obtained during the summermeetings of the Cleveland Naturalists’ Field Club. I would also like to thank Russell Mc Andrew, SteveRobbins and John Durkin for supplying records of the Hartlepool area and Vincent Jones for his work on theHawkweeds and Dandelions and many other species. Don Grant has also visited our area and helped withthe identification of some of our Brambles.
There are a number of other botanists who helped Ian with the original surveys for his book. The followingsupplied many important records for the Cleveland area:
David Anderson, ThornabyPat Appleyard, HartlepoolJohn Blackburn, StocktonAngela Cooper, Wass, N.Y.Maurice Hallam, BillinghamRob Scaife, EaglescliffeMike Yates, Saltburn
Records have also been supplied by The Tees Valley Wildlife Trust, The Durham Wildlife Trust and theNatures World Ark Group. Also as part of Cleveland’s Wildlife Strategy Plan Chris Lowe surveyed manyareas of Cleveland and greatly increased our knowledge of our local flora. I would also like to thank Darroll Fryer for all the computer work he has done over many years for producingthis final document and also Alan Bunn, who helped to check the lists. Computer advice has also beensupplied by Malcolm Birtle, who has also been responsible for the printing of many of our lists and articles inthe “Proceedings of the Cleveland Naturalists’ Field Club”.
Two other books were published before Ian’s “A Guide to the Wildflowers of Cleveland” which covered partsof Cleveland. “The Flora & Vegetation of County Durham” was published in 1988 and “Wild Plants and TheirHabitats in the North York Moors” by Nan Sykes in 1993. Both of these provided valuable information aboutthe flora of our area.
Old Cleveland in name has disappeared but I would like to quote a section from the preface of Ian’s book asover the years he has inspired so many botanists to do what he wrote in 1995: “We are living in an era ofrapid changes to our natural environment and it is vital that some picture is provided of the present status ofour native and naturalised vegetation so that changes taking place can be monitored in the years to come.These changes are nowhere more evident than here in Cleveland where the natural environment isundergoing a constant battle for survival. It is only through the acute awareness of this fact by local wildlifegroups and the liaison and co-operation afforded by the local authorities and industries that a status quo isbeing maintained. It has been essential, therefore that an accurate record is kept of the wildlife habitatswithin the county based on intensive survey work”.
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20022
Pat WoodSeptember 2003
Additional Notes
Plants
Many plants are easily classified as alien or native. Alien plants are introduced species whilst native plantshave arisen without man’s intervention. The problem is whilst some plants may be classed as native in otherparts of Great Britain they may have been introduced here and become established so it is often impossibleto separate introduced species and native species. In the present list if a plant is classed as native in GreatBritain it has been classed as native in our area even through this may not apply to some of our plants. Thisparticularly applied to many of our pond plants. Further study and records are needed on these species.
Trees
All the native species of trees have been included and some others. Many alien trees have now become wellestablished in Cleveland and are an important part of our flora. The local councils have lists of many ofthese trees, particularly those found in parks and cemeteries and on road sides, but there are many areaswhere records have not been kept of these species.
Hieracia Species
As this group is still being studied it is not possible to categorize these species into alien/native.
Taraxacums
For alien/native species the BSBI publication ‘Dandelions of Great Britain and Ireland’ by A.A. Dudman andA.J. Richards book was consulted. * Indicates that alien/native status is uncertain.
N.B. In compiling these lists the following two books were referred to:
“New Flora of the British Isles”. Second Edition, Cambridge University Press 1997 “List of Vascular Plants of the British Isles” by D.H. Kent, Botanical Society of the British Isles
1992
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20023
alien Abies alba European Silver-firalien Abies grandis Giant Firalien Abies procera Noble Firalien Acer campestre Field Maplenative Acer cappadocicum Cappadocian Maplealien Acer negundo Ashleaf Maplealien Acer platanoides Norway Maplealien Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamorealien Acer saccharinum Silver Maplealien Achillea millefolium Yarrownative Achillea ptarmica Sneezewortnative Aconitum napellus Monk's-hoodnative Aconitum x cammarum hybrid Monk's-hoodalien Acorus calamus Sweet-flagalien Adiantum capillus-veneris Maidenhair Fernnative Adoxa moschatellina Moschatelnative Aegopodium podagraria Ground-elderalien Aesculus carnea Red Horse-chestnutalien Aesculus hippocastanum Horse-chestnutalien Aethusa cynapium
ssp.cynapiumFool's Parsley
native Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimonynative Agrostemma githago Corncocklealien Agrostis canina Velvet Bent native Agrostis capillaris Common Bentnative Agrostis gigantea Black Bentnative Agrostis stolonifera Creeping Bentnative Agrostis vinealis Brown Bentnative Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heavenalien Aira caryophyllea Silver Hair-grassnative Aira praecox Early Hair-grassnative Ajuga reptans Buglenative Alcea rosea Hollyhockalien Alchemilla filicaulis
ssp.vestitanative Alchemilla glabranative Alchemilla mollisalien Alchemilla xanthochloranative Alisma plantago-aquatica Water-plantainnative Alliaria petiolata Garlic Mustardnative Allium oleraceum Field Garlicnative Allium paradoxum Few-flowered Garlicalien Allium scorodoprasum Sand Leeknative Allium sphaerocephalon Rond-headed Leeknative Allium triquetrum Three-cornered Leekalien Allium ursinum Ramsonsnative Allium vineale Wild Onion
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20024
native Alnus cordata Italian Alderalien Alnus glutinosa Aldernative Alnus incana Grey Alderalien Alopecurus geniculatus Marsh Foxtailnative Alopecurus myosuroides Black-grassnative Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtailnative Alstroemeria aurea Peruvian Lillyalien Alyssum saxatile Golden Alisonalien Amaranthus hybridus Green Amaranthalien Ambrosia artemisiifolia Ragweedalien Ammi majus Bullwortalien Ammi visnaga Toothpick-plantcasual Ammophila arenaria Marramnative Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchidnative Anagallis arvensis
ssp.arvensisScarlet Pimpernel
native Anagallis arvensisssp.caerulea
Scarlet Pimpernel
native Anagallis tenella Bog Pimpernelnative Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly Everlastingalien Anchusa arvensis Buglossnative Anchusa azurea Garden Anchusaalien Anemone apennina Blue Anemonealien Anemone blanda Anemonealien Anemone nemorosa Wood Anemonenative Anemone x hybrida Anemone hybridhybrid Angelica sylvestris Wild Angelicanative Anisantha diandra Great Bromealien Anisantha sterilis Barren Bromenative Anthemis arvensis Corn Chamomilenative Anthemis cotula Stinking Chamomilenative Anthemis tinctoria Yellow Chamomilealien Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal Grassnative Anthriscus caucalis Bur Parsleynative Anthriscus cerefolium Garden Chervilcasual Anthriscus sylvestris Cow Parsleynative Anthyllis vulneraria
ssp.vulnerariaKidney Vetch
native Antirrhinum majus Snapdragonalien Aphanes arvensis Parsley-piertnative Aphanes australis Slender Parsley-piertnative Apium graveolens Wild Celerynative Apium inundatum Lesser Marshwortnative Apium nodiflorum Fool's Water-cressnative Aquilegia vulgaris Columbine
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20025
native Arabidopsis thaliana Thale Cressnative Arabis arenosa Sand Rock-cressalien Arabis caucasica Garden-Arabisalien Arabis hirsuta Hairy Rock-cressnative Araucaria araucana Monkey-puzzlealien Arctium minus Lesser Burdocknative Arctium nemorosum Lesser Burdocknative Arenaria serpyllifolia
ssp.leptocladosThyme-leaved Sandwort
native Arenaria serpyllifoliassp.serpyllifolia
Thyme-leaved Sandwort
native Armeria maritimassp.maritima
Thrift
native Armoracia rusticana Horse-radishalien Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grassnative Artemisia absinthium Wormwoodnative Artemisia vulgaris Mugwortnative Arum maculatum Lords and Ladiesnative Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Black Spleenwortnative Asplenium ruta-muraria Wall-ruenative Asplenium trichomanes
ssp.quadrivalensMaidenhair Spleenwort
native Aster lanceolatus Narrow-leaved Michaelmas-daisy
alien Aster novi-belgii Confused Michaelmas-daisyalien Aster tripolium Sea Asternative Aster x salignus Common Michaelmas-daisyalien Aster x versicolor Late Michaelmas-daisyalien Astragalus danicus Purple Milk-vetchnative Athyrium filix-femina Lady-fernnative Atriplex glabriuscula Babington's Orachenative Atriplex laciniata Frosted Orachenative Atriplex littoralis Grass-leaved Orachenative Atriplex longipes Long-stalked Orachenative Atriplex patula Common Orachenative Atriplex portulacoides Sea-purslanenative Atriplex prostrata Spear-leaved Orachenative Atropa bella-donna Deadly Nightshadenative Aubrieta deltoidea Aubretiaalien Aucuba japonica Spotted-laurelalien Avena fatua Wild-oatalien Avena sativa Oatalien Avena strigosa Bristle Oatalien Azolla filiculoides Water Fernalien Ballota nigra Black Horehoundnative Barbarea vulgaris Winter-cressnative Bellis perennis Daisynative Berberis aggregata Clustered Barberry
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20026
alien Berberis darwinii Darwin's Barberryalien Berberis julianae Chinese Barberryalien Bergenia crassifolia Elephant-earsalien Berula erecta Lesser Water-parsnipnative Beta trigyna Caucasian Beetalien Beta vulgaris ssp.maritima Sea Beetnative Betula pendula Silver Birchnative Betula pubescens
ssp.pubescensDowny Birch
native Betula x aurata Birch hybridhybrid Bidens tripartia Trifid Bur-marigoldnative Blackstonia perfoliata Yellow-wortnative Blechnum spicant Hard-fernnative Blysmus compressus Flat-sedgenative Bolboschoenus maritimus Sea Club-rushnative Borago officinalis Boragealien Botrychium lunaria Moonwortnative Brachypodium sylvaticum False Bromenative Brassica napus ssp.oleifera Oil-seed Rapecasual Brassica nigra Black Mustardnative Brassica oleracea Cabbagenative Brassica rapa
ssp.campestrisWild Turnip
casual Briza media Quaking-grassnative Bromopsis erecta Upright Bromenative Bromopsis inermis
ssp.inermisHungarian Brome
casual Bromopsis ramosa Hairy-bromenative Bromus commutatus Meadow Bromenative Bromus hordeaceus
ssp.hordeaceusSoft-brome
native Bromus x pseudothominei Lesser Soft-bromehybrid Brunnera macrophylla Great Forget-me-notalien Buddleja davidii Butterfly-bushalien Buddleja globosa Orange-ball-treealien Butomus umbellatus Flowering-rushnative Buxus sempervirens Boxnative Cakile maritima Sea Rocketnative Calamagrostis epigejos Wood Small-reednative Calendula officinalis Pot Marigoldalien Calla palustris Bog Arumalien Callitriche brutia Pedunculate Water-starwortnative Callitriche hamulata Intermediate Water-starwortnative Callitriche hermaphroditica Autumnal Water-starwortnative Callitriche obtusangula Blunt-fruited Water-starwortnative Callitriche platycarpa Various-leaved Water-
starwort
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20027
native Callitriche stagnalis Common Water-starwortnative Callitriche truncata Short-leaved Water-starwortnative Calluna vulgaris Heathernative Caltha palustris Marsh-marigoldnative Calystegia pulchra Hairy Bindweedalien Calystegia sepium
ssp.sepiumHedge Bindweed
native Calystegia silvatica Large Bindweedalien Campanula glomerata Clustered Bellflowernative Campanula lactiflora Milky Bellflowernative Campanula latifolia Giant Campanulanative Campanula persicifolia Peach-leaved Bellfloweralien Campanula rapunculoides Creeping Campanulaalien Campanula rotundifolia Harebellnative Cannabis sativa Hempalien Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-pursenative Cardamine amara Large Bitter-cressnative Cardamine flexuosa Wavy Bitter-cressnative Cardamine hirsuta Hairy Bitter-cressnative Cardamine pratensis Cuckooflowernative Cardamine raphanifolia Greater Cuckoofloweralien Carduus crispus
ssp.multiflorusWelted Thistle
native Carduus nutans Musk Thistlenative Carduus tenuiflorus Slender Thistlenative Carex acuta Slender Tufted-sedgenative Carex acutiformis Lesser Pond-sedgenative Carex arenaria Sand Sedgenative Carex binervis Green-ribbed Sedgenative Carex caryophyllea Spring Sedgenative Carex curta White Sedgenative Carex diandra Lesser Tussock-sedgenative Carex dioica Dioeceous Sedgenative Carex distans Distant Sedgenative Carex disticha Brown Sedgenative Carex divulsa ssp.divulsa Grey Sedgenative Carex echinata Star Sedgenative Carex elata Tufted-sedgenative Carex extensa Long-bracted Sedgenative Carex flacca Glaucous Sedgenative Carex hirta Hairy Sedgenative Carex hostiana Tawny Sedgenative Carex muricata Prickly Sedgenative Carex nigra Common Sedgenative Carex otrubae False Fox-sedgenative Carex ovalis Oval Sedgenative Carex pallescens Pale Sedgenative Carex panicea Carnation Sedge
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20028
native Carex pendula Pendulous Sedgenative Carex pilulifera Pill Sedgenative Carex pseudocyperus Cyperus Sedgenative Carex pulicaris Flea Sedgenative Carex remota Remote Sedgenative Carex riparia Greater Pond-sedgenative Carex rostrata Bottle Sedgenative Carex spicata Spiked Sedgenative Carex sylvatica Wood-sedgenative Carex vesicaria Bladder-sedgenative Carex viridula
ssp.brachyrrhynchaYellow-sedge
native Carex viridulassp.oedocarpa
Yellow-sedge
native Carlina vulgaris Carline Thistlenative Carpinus betulus Hornbeamnative Carum carvi Carawayalien Castanea sativa Sweet Chestnutalien Catabrosa aquatica Whorl-grassnative Catapodium marinum Sea Fern-grassnative Catapodium rigidum Fern-grassnative Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedaralien Cedrus deodora Deodaralien Cedrus libani Cedar-of-Lebanonalien Centaurea cyanus Cornfloweralien Centaurea macrocephala Armenian Knapweedalien Centaurea montana Perennial Cornfloweralien Centaurea nigra Common Knapweednative Centaurea scabiosa Greater Knapweednative Centaurea x moncktoniihybrid Knapweedhybrid Centaurium erythraea Common Centaurynative Centaurium pulchellum Lesser Centaurynative Centranthus ruber Red Valerianalien Cephalaria gigantea Giant Scabiousalien Cerastium arvense Field Mouse-earnative Cerastium diffusum Sea Mouse-earnative Cerastium fontanum
ssp.vulgareCommon Mouse-ear
nativeCerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear
native Cerastium semidecandrum Little Mouse-earnative Cerastium tomentosum Snow-in-summeralien Ceratocapnos claviculata Climbing Corydalisnative Ceratophyllum demersum Rigid Hornwortnative Ceterach officinarum Rustybacknative Chaenomeles speciosa Japanese Quincealien Chaenorhinum minus Small Toadflax
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 20029
native Chaerophyllum temulum Rough Chervilnative Chamaecyparis lawsoniana Lawson's Cypressalien Chamaecyparis pisifera Sawara Cypressalien Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherbnative Chelidonium majus Greater Celandinenative Chenopodium album Fat-hennative Chenopodium bonus-
henricusGood-King-Henry
native Chenopodium ficifolium Fig-leaved Goosefootnative Chenopodium glaucum Oak-leaved Goosefootnative Chenopodium polyspermum Many-seeded Goosefootnative Chenopodium rubrum Red Goosefootnative Chionodoxa forbesii Glory-of-the-Snowalien Chionodoxa sardensis Lesser Glory-of-the-Snowalien Chrysanthemum segetum Corn Marigoldalien Chrysosplenium
alternifoliumAlternate-leaved Golden-saxifrage
native Chrysospleniumoppositifolium
Opposite-leaved Golden-saxifrage
native Cicerbita macrophylla Common Blue-sow-thistlealien Cichorium intybus Chicorynative Circaea lutetiana Enchanter's-nightshadenative Cirsium arvense Creeping Thistlenative Cirsium heterophyllum Melancholy Thistlenative Cirsium palustre Marsh Thistlenative Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistlenative Claytonia perfoliata Springbeautyalien Claytonia sibirica Pink Purslanealien Clematis tangutica Orange-peel Clematisalien Clematis vitalba Traveller's-joynative Clinopodium acinos Basil Thymenative Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basilnative Cochlearia danica Danish Scurvygrassnative Cochlearia officinalis Common Scurvygrassnative Coeloglossum viride Frog Orchidnative Colchicum autumnale Meadow Saffronnative Colutea arborescens Bladder-sennaalien Colutea x media Orange Bladder-sennaalien Conium maculatum Hemlocknative Conopodium majus Pignutnative Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweednative Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabanealien Cornus mas Cornelian-cherryalien Cornus sanguinea Dogwoodnative Cornus sericea Red-osier Dogwoodalien Coronopus didymus Lesser Swine-cressalien Coronopus squamatus Swine-cressnative Cortaderia selloana Pampas-grass
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200210
alien Corylus avellana Hazelnative Cotoneaster bullatus Hollyberry Cotoneasteralien Cotoneaster dammeri Bearberry Cotoneasteralien Cotoneaster dielsianus Diel's Cotoneasteralien Cotoneaster frigidus Tree Cotoneasteralien Cotoneaster horizontalis Wall Cotoneasteralien Cotoneaster integrifolius Small-leaved Cotoneasteralien
Cotoneaster salicifolius Willow-leaved Cotoneasteralien
Cotoneaster simonsii Himalayan Cotoneasteralien Cotula coronopifolia Buttonweedalien Crassula helmsii New Zealand Pigmyweedalien Crataegus laevigata Midland Hawthornnative Crataegus monogyna
ssp.nordicaHawthorn
native Crataegus x macrocarpa Hawthorn hybridhybrid Crepis biennis Rough Hawk's-beardnative Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawk's-beardnative Crepis paludosa Marsh Hawk's-beardnative Crepis setosa Bristly Hawk's-beardcasual Crepis vesicaria
ssp.taraxacifoliaBeaked Hawk's-beard
alien Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora Montbretiahybrid Crocus chrysanthus Golden Crocusalien Crocus nudiflorus Autumn Crocusalien Crocus speciousus Bieberstein's Crocusalien Crocus tommasinianus Early Crocusalien Crocus vernus Spring Crocusalien Crocus vernus ssp.albiflorus Spring Crocusalien Crocus x stellaris Yellow Crocusalien Cruciata laevipes Crosswortnative Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Red-cedaralien Cupressocyparis leylandii x Leyland Cypresshybrid Cupressus macrocarpa Montery Cypressalien Cymbalaria muralis
ssp.muralisIvy-leaved Toadflax
alien Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tailnative Cyperus longus Galingalenative Cytisus scoparius
ssp.scopariusBroom
native Dactylis glomerata Cock's-footnative Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common Spotted-orchidnative Dactylorhiza incarnata
ssp.coccineaEarly Marsh-orchid
native Dactylorhiza incarnatassp.incarnata
Early Marsh-orchid
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200211
native Dactylorhiza incarnatassp.pulchella
Early Marsh-orchid
native Dactylorhiza maculatassp.ericetorum
Heath Spotted-orchid
native Dactylorhiza praetermissa Southern Marsh-orchidnative Dactylorhiza purpurella Northern Marsh-orchidnative Dactylorhiza traunsteineri Narrow-leaved Marsh-orchidnative Dactylorhiza x
aschersonianaNorthern Fen-orchid
hybrid Dactylorhiza x grandishybrid Spotted-orchidhybrid Dactylorhiza x latirella Northern Fen-orchidhybrid Dactylorhiza x venustahybrid Spotted-orchidhybrid Danthonia decumbens Heath-grassnative Daphne laureola Spurge-laurelnative Darmera peltata Indian-rhubarbalien Daucus carota ssp.carota Wild Carrotnative Deschampsia cespitosa
ssp.cespitosaTufted Hair-grass
native Deschampsia flexuosa Wavy Hair-grassnative Descurainia sophia Flixweedalien Dianthus barbatus Sweet-Williamcasual Dianthus deltoides Maiden Pinknative Digitalis purpurea Foxglovenative Diplotaxis muralis Annual Wall-rocketalien Diplotaxis tenuifolia Perennial Wall-rocketnative Dipsacus fullonum Wild Teaselnative Doronicum pardalianches Leopard's-banealien Doronicum plantagineum Plantain-leaved Leopard's-
banealien Drosera rotundifolia Round-leaved Sundewnative Dryopteris affinis ssp.affinis Scaly Male-fernnative Dryopteris affinis ssp.borreri Scaly Male-fernnative Dryopteris carthusiana Narrow Buckler-fernnative
Dryopteris dilatata Broad Buckler-fernnative Dryopteris filix-mas Male-fernnative Dryopteris x complexahybrid Dryopteris x deweverihybrid Echinochloa crus-galli Sockspuralien Echinops bannaticus Blue Globe-thistlealien Echinops sphaerocephalus Glandular Globe Thistlealien Echium vulgare Viper's-buglossnative Eleocharis palustris
ssp.vulgarisCommon Spike-rush
native Eleocharis quinqueflora Few-flowered Spike-rushnative Eleocharis uniglumis Slender Spike-rush
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200212
native Eleogiton fluitans Floating Club-rushnative Elodea canadensis Canadian Waterweedalien Elodea nuttallii Nuttall's Waterweedalien Elymus caninus Bearded Couchnative Elytrigia atherica Sea Couchnative Elytrigia juncea Sand Couchnative Elytrigia repens ssp.repens Common Couchnative Elytrigia x laxa Common Couchhybrid Elytrigia x obtusiusculahybrid Empetrum nigrum Crowberrynative Empetrum nigrum
ssp.nigrumCrowberry
native Epilobium brunnescens New Zealand Willowherbalien Epilobium ciliatum American Willowherbalien Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherbnative Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherbnative Epilobium obscurum Short-fruited Willowherbnative Epilobium palustre Marsh Willowherbnative Epilobium parviflorum Hoary Willowherbnative Epilobium roseum Pale Willowherbnative Epilobium tetragonum Square-stalked Willowherbnative Epilobium x brevipilumhybrid Epilobium x erroneumhybrid Epilobium x
hausskenchtianumhybrid Epilobium x interjectumhybrid Epilobium x limosumhybrid Epilobium x nuntaniflorumhybrid Epilobium x subhirsutumhybrid Epilobium x subhirsutumhybrid Epilobium x vicinumhybrid Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborinenative Epipactis leptochila
var.dunensisNarrow-lipped Helleborine
native Equisetum arvense Field Horsetailnative Equisetum fluviatile Water Horsetailnative Equisetum hyemale Rough Horsetailnative Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetailnative Equisetum sylvaticum Wood Horsetailnative Equisetum telmateia Great Horsetailnative Equisetum x litorale Shore Horsetailhybrid Eranthis hyemalis Winter Aconitealien Erica cinerea Bell Heathernative Erica tetralix Cross-leaved Heathnative Erigeron acer Blue Fleabanenative Erigeron karvinskianus Mexican Fleabanealien Eriophorum angustifolium Common Cottongrassnative Eriophorum vaginatum Hare's-tail Cottongrass
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200213
native Erodium cicutarium Common Stork's-billnative Erodium lebelii Sticky Stork's-billnative Erodium moschatum Musk Stork's-billnative Erophila verna Common Whitlowgrassnative Erucastrum gallicum Hairy Rocketnative Eryngium maritimum Sea-hollynative Erysimum cheiranthoides Treacle Mustardalien Erysimum cheiri Wall-floweralien Escallonia macrantha Escalloniaalien Escholzia californica Californian Poppyalien Euonymus europaeus Spindlenative Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp-agrimonyalien Euphorbia corallioides Coral Spurgealien Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress Spurgenative Euphorbia cyparissias x3 hybrid Spurge-hybridhybrid Euphorbia exigua Dwarf Spurgenative Euphorbia helioscopia Sun Spurgenative Euphorbia lathyris Caper Spurgenative Euphorbia peplus Petty Spurgenative Euphorbia x pseudovirgata Twiggy Spurgealien Euphrasia arctica
ssp.borealisEyebright
native Euphrasia micrantha Eyebrightnative Euphrasia nemorosa Eyebrightnative Euphrasia tetraquetra Eyebrightnative Fagopyrum esculentum Buckwheatalien Fagus sylvatica Beechnative Fallopia baldschuanica Russian-vinealien Fallopia convolvulus Black Bindweednative Fallopia japonica Japanese Knotweedalien Fallopia sachalinensis Giant Knotweedalien Festuca arenaria Rush-leaved Fescuenative Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescuenative Festuca filiformis Fine-leaved Sheep's-fescuenative Festuca gigantea Giant Fescuenative Festuca ovina ssp.hirtula Sheep's-fescuenative Festuca ovina ssp.ovina Sheep's-fescuenative Festuca pratensis Meadow Fescuenative Festuca rubra
ssp.commutataRed Fescue
native Festuca rubra ssp.juncea Red Fescuenative Festuca rubra ssp.litoralis Red Fescuenative Festuca rubra
ssp.megastachysRed Fescue
native Festuca rubra ssp.rubra Red Fescuenative x Festulolium
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200214
hybrid Fescuehybrid Filago vulgaris Common Cudweednative Filipendula kamtschatica Giant Meadowsweetalien Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweetnative Filipendula vulgaris Dropwortnative Foeniculum vulgare Fennelalien Fragaria ananassa Garden Strawberryalien Fragaria moschata Hautbois Strawberryalien Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberrynative Fraxinus excelsior Ashnative Fritillaria meleagris Fritillarynative Fumaria bastardii Tall Ramping-fumitorynative Fumaria capreolata
ssp.babingtoniiWhite Ramping-fumitory
native Fumaria muralis ssp.boraei Common Ramping-fumitorynative Fumaria officinalis
ssp.officinalisCommon Fumitory
native Gagea lutea Yellow Star-of-Bethlehemnative Galanthus elwesii Greater Snowdropalien Galanthus ikariaealien Galanthus nivalis Snowdropnative Galanthus plicatus Pleated Snowdropalien Galeopsis bifida Bifid Hemp-nettlenative Galeopsis tetrahit Common Hemp-nettlenative Galinsoga quadriradiata Shaggy-soldieralien Galium aparine Cleaversnative Galium mollugo ssp.mollugo Hedge Bedstrawnative Galium odoratum Woodruffnative Galium palustre
ssp.elongatumCommon Marsh-bedstraw
native Galium palustre ssp.palustre Common Marsh-bedstrawnative Galium saxatile Heath Bedstrawnative Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstrawnative Galium verum Lady's Bedstrawnative Gaultheria mucronata Prickly Heathalien Gaultheria shallon Shallonalien Genista tinctoria
ssp.tinctoriaDyer's Greenweed
native Gentianella amarellassp.amarella
Autumn Gentian
native Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane's-billnative Geranium endressii French Crane's-billalien Geranium lucidum Shining Crane's-billnative Geranium macrorrhizum Rock Crane's-billalien Geranium molle Dove's Foot Crane's-billnative Geranium phaeum Dusky Crane's-billalien Geranium pratense Meadow Crane's-billnative Geranium pusillum Small-flowered Crane's-bill
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200215
native Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Crane's-billnative Geranium robertianum Herb-Robertnative Geranium sanguineum Bloody Crane's-billnative Geum rivale Water Avensnative Geum urbanum Wood Avensnative Geum x intermedium Intermediate Avenshybrid Gladiolus communis Gladiolusalien Glaux maritima Sea-milkwortnative Glechoma hederacea Ground-ivynative Glyceria declinata Small Sweet-grassnative Glyceria fluitans Floating Sweet-grassnative Glyceria maxima Reed Sweet-grassnative Glyceria notata Plicate Sweet-grassnative Glyceria x pedicellatahybrid Gnaphalium uliginosum Marsh Cudweednative Groenlandia densa Opposite-leaved Pondweednative Gymnadenia conopsea
ssp.conopseaFragrant Orchid
native Gymnadenia conopseassp.densiflora
Fragrant Orchid
native Hebe brachysiphon Hooker's Hebealien Hebe x franciscana Sousteralien Hedera colchica Persian Ivyalien Hedera helix ssp.helix Ivynative
Hedera helix ssp.hibernica Ivynative Helianthemum
nummulariumCommon Rock-rose
native Helianthus annuus Sunfloweralien Helictotrichon pratense Meadow Oat-grassnative Helictotrichon pubescens Downy Oat-grassnative Helleborus foetidus Stinking Helleborenative Heracleum
mantegazzianumGiant Hogweed
alien Heracleum sphondyliumssp.sphondylium
Hogweed
native Heracleum sphondylium xH.mantegazzianum
Hogweed
hybrid Herniaria glabra Smooth Rupturewortnative Hesperis matronalis Dame's-violetalien Heuchera sanguinea Coral-bellsalien Hieracium acuminatum
Hieracium diaphanumHieracium eboracenseHieracium grandidensHieracium pulmonarioidesHieracium rubiginosumHieracium sabaudum
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200216
Hieracium salticolaHieracium sublepistoidesHieracium trichocaulonHieracium vagumHieracium vulgatumHippophae rhamnoides Sea-buckthorn
native Hippuris vulgaris Mare's-tailnative Hirschfeldia incana Hoary Mustardalien Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fognative Holcus mollis Creeping Soft-grassnative Honckenya peploides Sea Sandwortnative Hordelymus europaeus Wood Barleynative Hordeum jubatum Foxtail Barleyalien Hordeum murinum
ssp.murinumWall Barley
native Hordeum secalinum Meadow Barleynative Hottonia palustris Water-violetnative Humulus lupulus Hopnative Hyacinthoides hispanica Spanish Bluebellalien Hyacinthoides italica Italian Bluebellalien Hyacinthoides non-scripta Bluebellalien Hyacinthoides non-scripta x
H.hispanicahybrid Spanish Bluebellalien Hydrocotyle vulgaris Marsh Pennywortnative Hyoscyamus niger Henbanenative Hypericum x desetangsii Des Etangs' St John's-worthybrid Hypericum androsaemum Tutsannative Hypericum calycinum Rose-of-Sharonalien Hypericum elodes Marsh St John's-wortnative Hypericum hircinum Stinking Tutsannative Hypericum hirsutum Hairy St John's-wortnative Hypericum humifusum Trailing St John's-wortnative Hypericum maculatum
ssp.obtusiusculumImperforate St John's-wort
native Hypericum montanum Pale St John's-wortnative Hypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wortnative Hypericum pulchrum Slender St John's-wortnative Hypericum tetrapterum Square-stemmed St'John's-
wortnative Hypochaeris radicata Cat's-earnative Ilex aquifolium Hollynative Impatiens glandulifera Indian Balsamalien Inula conyza Plough-man's-spikenardnative Iris foetidissima Stinking Irisnative Iris germanica Bearded Irisalien Iris pseudacorus Yellow Irisnative Isolepis setacea Bristle Club-rush
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200217
native Juglans regia Walnutalien Juncus acutiflorus Sharp-flowered Rushnative Juncus ambiguus Frog Rushnative Juncus articulatus Jointed Rushnative Juncus bufonius Toad Rushnative Juncus bulbosus Bulbous Rushnative Juncus compressus Round-fruited Rushnative Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rushnative Juncus effusus Soft-rushnative Juncus gerardii Saltmarsh Rushnative Juncus inflexus Hard Rushnative Juncus maritimus Sea Rushnative Juncus squarrosus Heath Rushnative Juncus tenuis Slender Rushalien Juncus x diffusushybrid Kerria japonica Kerriaalien Knautia arvensis Field Scabiousnative Kniphofia praecox Greater Red-hot-pokeralien Kniphofia uvaria Red-hot-pokeralien Koeleria macrantha Crested Hair-grassnative Laburnum anagyroides Laburnumalien Laburnum x watereri Laburnumalien Lactuca sativa Garden Lettucecasual Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettucenative Lactuca virosa Great Lettucenative Lagarosiphon major Curly Waterweedalien Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tailalien Lamiastrum galeobdolon
ssp.argentatumYellow Archangel
alien Lamium album White Dead-nettlenative Lamium amplexicaule Henbit Dead-nettlenative Lamium confertum Northern Dead-nettlenative Lamium hybridum Cut-leaved Dead-nettlenative Lamium purpureum Red Dead-nettlenative Lapsana communis
ssp.communisNipplewort
native Larix decidua European Larchalien Larix kaempferi Japanese Larchalien Larix x marschlinsiialien Lathraea clandestina Purple Toothwortalien Lathraea squamaria Toothwortnative Lathyrus latifolius Broad-leaved Everlasting-
peaalien Lathyrus linifolius Bitter-vetchnative Lathyrus nissolia Grass Vetchlingnative Lathyrus palustris Marsh Peanative Lathyrus pratensis Meadow Vetchling
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200218
native Lathyrus sylvestris Narrow-leaved Everlasting-pea
native Lathyrus tuberosus Tuberous Peaalien Laurus nobilis Bayalien Lavatera thuringiaca Hyeres Tree-mallowalien Lemna minor Common Duckweednative Lemna minuata Least Duckweedalien Lemna trisulca Ivy-leaved Duckweednative Leontodon autumnalis
ssp.autumnalisAutumn Hawkbit
native Leontodon hispidus Rough Hawkbitnative Leontodon saxatilis Lesser Hawkbitnative Lepidium campestre Field Pepperwortnative Lepidium draba ssp.draba Hoary Cressalien Lepidium heterophyllum Smith's Pepperwortnative Lepidium latifolium Dittandernative Lepidium sativum Garden Cressalien Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye Daisynative Leucanthemum x superbum Shasta Daisyalien Leucojum aestivum
ssp.pulchellumSummer Snowflake
alien Levisticum officinale Lovagealien Leycesteria formosa Himalayan Honeysucklealien Leymus arenarius Lyme-grassnative Ligustrum ovalifolium Garden Privetalien Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privetnative Limonium vulgare Common Sea-lavendernative Linaria purpurea Purple Toadflaxalien Linaria repens Pale Toadflaxnative Linaria vulgaris Common Toadflaxnative Linum catharticum Fairy Flaxnative Linum usitatissimum Flaxalien Listera cordata Lesser Twaybladenative Listera ovata Common Twaybladenative Lithospermum officinale Common Gromwellnative Littorella uniflora Shoreweednative Lobelia erinus Garden Lobeliacasual Lobularia maritima Sweet Alisonalien Lolium multiflorum Italian Rye-grassalien Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grassnative Lonicera nitida Wilson's Honeysucklealien Lonicera periclymenum Honeysucklenative Lonicera xylosteum Fly Honeysucklenative Lotus corniculatus
var.sativusCommon Bird's-foot-trefoil
native Lotus pedunculatus Greater Bird's-foot-trefoilnative Lunaria annua Honestyalien Lupinus arboreus Tree Lupin
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200219
alien Luzula campestris Field Wood-rushnative Luzula multiflora
ssp.congestaHeath Wood-rush
native Luzula multiflorassp.multiflora
Heath Wood-rush
native Luzula pilosa Hairy Wood-rushnative Luzula sylvatica Great Wood-rushnative Lychnis coronaria Rose Campionalien Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged-Robinnative Lycium barbarum Duke of Argyll's Teaplantalien Lycopersicon esculentum Tomatoalien Lycopus europaeus Gipsywortnative Lysimachia ciliata Fringed Loosestrifealien Lysimachia nemorum Yellow Pimpernelnative Lysimachia nummularia Creeping-Jennynative Lysimachia punctata Dotted Loosestrifealien Lysimachia vulgaris Yellow Loosestrifenative Lythrum portula Water-purslanenative Lythrum salicaria Purple-loosetrifenative Mahonia aquifolium Oregon-grapealien Malus domestica Applealien Malus sylvestris Crab Applenative Malva moschata Musk-mallownative
Malva neglecta Dwarf Mallownative Malva sylvestris Common Mallownative Mathiola incana Hoary Stocknative Matricaria discoidea Pineapple-weedalien Matricaria recutita Scented Mayweednative Meconopsis cambrica Welsh Poppynative Medicago lupulina Black Medicknative Medicago sativa ssp.falcata Sickle Medicknative Medicago sativa ssp.sativa Lucernealien Medicago sativa ssp.varia Sand Lucernenative Melampyrum pratense
ssp.pratenseCommon Cow-wheat
native Melica uniflora Wood Melicknative Melilotus albus White Melilotalien Melilotus altissimus Tall Melilotalien Melilotus officinalis Ribbed Melilotalien Mentha aquatica Water Mintnative Mentha arvensis Corn Mintnative
Mentha spicata Spear Mintalien Mentha suaveolens Round-leaved Mintnative Mentha x gracilis Bushy Mintalien Mentha x piperita Peppermintalien Mentha x smithiana Tall Mint
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200220
alien Mentha x verticillata Whorled Minthybrid Mentha x villosa Apple-mintalien Mentha x villosa
var.alopecuroidesApple-mint
alien Mentha x villosonervata Sharp-toothed Mintalien Menyanthes trifoliata Bogbeannative Mercurialis annua Annual Mercuryalien Mercurialis perennis Dog's Mercurynative Milium effusum Wood Milletnative Mimulus agg.alien Moehringia trinerva Three-nerved Sandwortnative Molinia caerulea
ssp.caeruleaPurple Moor-grass
native Montia fontana ssp.fontana Blinksnative Morus nigra Mulberriesalien Muscari armeniacum Garden Grape-hyacinthalien Mycelis muralis Wall Lettucenative Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-notnative Myosotis discolor Changing Forget-me-notnative Myosotis laxa Tufted Forget-me-notnative Myosotis ramosissima Early Forget-me-notnative Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-notnative Myosotis secunda Creeping Forget-me-notnative Myosotis sylvatica Wood Forget-me-notnative Myosoton aquaticum Water Chickweednative Myrica gale Bog Myrtlenative Myriophyllum alterniflorum Alternate Water-milfoilnative Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked Water-milfoilnative Myrrhis odorata Sweet Cicelyalien Narcissus poeticus Pheasant's-eye Daffodilalien Narcissus pseudonarcissus Daffodilnative Nardus stricta Mat-grassnative Narthecium ossifragum Bog Asphodelnative Nectaroscordum siculum Honey Garlicalien Neottia nidus-avis Bird's-nest Orchidnative Nicandra physalodes Apple-of-Perucasual Nigella damascena Love-in-a-mistalien Nothofagus obliqua Roblealien Nuphar lutea Yellow Water-lilynative Nymphaea alba ssp.alba White Water-lilynative Nymphoides peltata Fringed Water-lilynative Odontites vernus
ssp.chrysanthusRed Bartsia
native Odontites vernusssp.serotinus
Red Bartsia
native Oenanthe crocata Hemlock Water-dropwortnative Oenanthe fistulosa Tubular Water-dropwortnative Oenanthe lachenalii Parsley Water-dropwort
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200221
native Oenothera biennis Common Evening-primrosealien Oenothera cambrica Small-floweredt Evening-
primrose alien Oenothera glazioviana Large-flowered Evening-
primrosealien Olearia macrodonta New Zealand Hollyalien Omphalodes verna Blue-eyed-Maryalien Onobrychis viciifolia Sainfoinnative Ononis repens Common Restharrownative Ononis spinosa Spiny Restharrownative Onopordum acanthium Cotton Thistlenative Ophioglossum vulgatum Adder's-tonguenative Ophrys apifera Bee Orchidnative Orchis mascula Early-purple Orchidnative Orchis morio Green-winged Orchidnative Orchis ustulata Burnt Orchidnative Oreopteris limbosperma Lemon-scented Fernnative Origanum vulgare Wild Marjoramnative Osmunda regalis Royal Fernnative Oxalis acetosella Wood-sorrelnative Oxalis articulata Pink-sorrelalien Oxalis corniculata Procumbent Yellow-sorrelalien Oxalis debilis Large-flowered Pink-sorrelalien Oxalis exilis Least Yellow-sorrelalien Oxalis incarnata Pale Pink-sorrelalien Papaver dubium ssp.dubium Long-headed Poppynative Papaver dubium ssp.lecoqii Long-headed Poppynative Papaver rhoeas Common Poppynative Papaver somniferum
ssp.somniferumOpium Poppy
casual Parapholis strigosa Hard-grassnative Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsianative Parietaria judaica Pellitory-of-the-wallalien Paris quadrifolia Herb Parisnative Parnassia palustris Grass-of-Parnassusnative Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnipnative Pedicularis palustris Marsh Lousewortnative Pedicularis sylvatica Lousewortnative Pentaglottis sempervirens Green Alkanetalien Persicaria amphibia Amphibious Bistortnative Persicaria amplexicaulis Red Bistortalien Persicaria bistorta Common Bistortnative Persicaria hydropiper Water-peppernative Persicaria lapathifolia Pale Persicarianative Persicaria maculosa Redshanknative Persicaria weyrichii Chinese Knotweedalien Petasites albus White Butterburalien Petasites fragrans Winter Heliotrope
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200222
alien Petasites hybridus Butterburnative Petrorhagia nanteulii Childing Pinknative Petroselinum crispum Garden Parsleyalien Petunia x hybrida Petuniacasual Peucedanum palustre Milk-parsleynative Phacelia tanacetifolia Phacelianative Phalaris arundinacea Reed Canary-grassnative Phalaris canariensis Canary-grassalien Phleum arenarium Sand Cat's-tailnative Phleum bertolonii Smaller Cat's-tailnative Phleum pratense Timothynative Phragmites australis Reednative Phyllitis scolopendrium Hart's-tonguenative Picea abies Norway Sprucealien Picea sitchensis Sitka Sprucealien Picris echioides Bristly Oxtonguenative Picris hieracioides Hawkweed Oxtonguenative Pilosella aurantiaca Fox-and-cubsalien Pilosella officinarum Mouse-ear-hawkweednative Pilosella praealta Tall Mouse-ear-hawkweedalien Pimpinella major Greater Burnet-saxifragenative Pimpinella saxifraga Burnet-saxifragenative Pinguicula vulgaris Common Butterwortnative Pinus contorta Lodgepole Pinealien Pinus nigra ssp.laricio Corsican Pinealien Pinus strobus Weymouth Pinealien Pinus sylvestris Scots Pinenative Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantainnative Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantainnative Plantago major
ssp.intermediaGreater Plantain
native Plantago major ssp.major Greater Plantainnative Plantago maritima Sea Plantainnative Plantago media Hoary Plantainnative Platanthera chlorantha Greater Butterfly-orchidnative Platanus x hispanica London Planealien Poa angustifolia Narrow-leaved Meadow-
grassnative Poa annua Annual Meadow Grassnative Poa chaixii Broad-leaved Meadow-
grassalien Poa humilis Spreading Meadow-grassnative Poa nemoralis Wood Meadow-grassnative Poa pratensis Smooth Meadow-grassnative Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grassnative Polemonium caeruleum Jacob's Ladder
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200223
native Polygala serpyllifolia Heath Milkwortnative Polygala vulgaris
ssp.vulgarisCommon Milkwort
native Polygonatum x hybridum Garden Solomon's-sealhybrid Polygonum arenastrum Equal-leaved Knotgrassnative Polygonum aviculare Knotgrassnative Polygonum oxyspermum
ssp.raiiRay's Knotgrass
native Polypodium vulgare Polypodynative Polystichum aculeatum Hard Shield-fernnative Polystichum setiferum Soft Shield-fernnative Populus alba White Poplaralien Populus nigra 'Italica' Lombardy Poplaralien Populus nigra ssp.betulifolia Black Poplarnative Populus tremula Aspennative Populus trichocarpa Western Balsam-poplaralien Populus x canadensis
'Marilandica'Poplar
alien Populus x canadensis'Robusta'
Poplar
alien Populus x canadensis'Serotina'
Black-Italian Poplar
alien Populus x canescens Grey Poplaralien Populus x jackii Balm of Gileadalien Potamogeton berchtoldii Small Pondweednative Potamogeton crispus Curled Pondweednative Potamogeton natans Broad-leaved Pondweednative Potamogeton obtusifolius Blunt-leaved Pondweednative Potamogeton pectinatus Fennel Pondweednative Potamogeton perfoliatus Perfoliate Pondweednative Potamogeton polygonifolius Bog Pondweednative Potamogeton pusillus Lesser Pondweednative Potentilla anglica Trailing Tormentilnative Potentilla anserina Silverweednative Potentilla argentea Hoary Cinquefoilnative Potentilla erecta ssp.erecta Tormentilnative Potentilla intermedia Russian Cinquefoilalien Potentilla neumanniana Spring Cinquefoilnative Potentilla norvegica Ternate-leaved Cinquefoilalien Potentilla palustris Marsh Cinquefoilnative Potentilla recta Sulphur Cinquefoilalien Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoilnative Potentilla sterilis Barren Strawberrynative Potentilla x mixtahybrid Cinquefoilhybrid Potentilla x suberecta Tormentil hybrid
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200224
hybrid Primula farinosa Bird's-eye Primrosenative Primula veris Cowslipnative Primula vulgaris Primrosenative Primula x polyantha False Oxliphybrid Prunella vulgaris Selfhealnative Prunus avium Wild Cherryalien Prunus cerasifera Cherry Plumalien Prunus domestica
ssp.domesticaPlum
alien Prunus domesticassp.insititia
Bullace
alien Prunus dulcis Almondalien Prunus laurocerasus Cherry-laurelalien Prunus lusitanica Portugal Laurelalien Prunus padus Bird Cherrynative Prunus spinosa Blackthornnative Prunus x fruticanshybrid Pseudofumaria lutea Yellow Corydalisalien Pseudotsuga menziensii Douglas Firalien Pteridium aquilinum Brackennative Puccinellia distans
ssp.distansReflexed Saltmarsh-grass
native Puccinellia maritima Common Saltmarsh-grassnative Puccinellia rupestris Stiff Saltmarsh-grassnative Pulicaria dysenterica Common Fleabanenative Pulmonaria officinalis Lungwortalien Pyrola minor Common Wintergreennative Pyrus communis Pearalien Quercus cerris Turkey Oakalien Quercus ilex Evergreen Oakalien Quercus petraea Sessile Oaknative Quercus robur Pedunculate Oaknative Quercus rubra Red Oakalien Quercus x rosacea Oak hybridhybrid Quercus x turneri Turkey Oakhybrid Ranunculus aconitifolius Aconite-leaved Buttercupalien Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercupnative Ranunculus aquatilis Common Water-crowfootnative Ranunculus arvensis Corn Buttercupnative Ranunculus auricomus Goldilocks Buttercupnative Ranunculus baudotii Brackish Water-crowfootnative Ranunculus bulbosus Bulbous Buttercupnative Ranunculus ficaria
ssp.bulbifererLesser Celandine
native Ranunculus ficariassp.ficaria
Lesser Celandine
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200225
native Ranunculus flammulassp.flammula
Lesser Spearwort
native Ranunculus fluitans River Water-crowfootnative Ranunculus hederaceus Ivy-leaved Crowfootnative Ranunculus lingua Greater Spearwortnative Ranunculus omiophyllus Round-leaved Crowfootnative Ranunculus peltatus Pond Water-crowfootnative Ranunculus penicillatus
ssp.pseudofluitansStream Water-crowfoot
native Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercupnative Ranunculus scleratus Celery-leaved Crowfootnative Ranunculus trichophyllus Thread-leaved Water-
crowfootnative Raphanus raphanistrum
ssp.raphanistrumWild Radish
alien Raphanus sativus Garden Radishalien Rapistrum perenne Steppe Cabbagealien Reseda lutea Wild Mignonettenative Reseda luteola Weldnative Rhamnus cathartica Buckthornnative Rhinanthus minor ssp.minor Yellow Rattlenative Rhododendron luteum Yellow Azaleaalien Rhododendron ponticum Rhododendronalien Rhus typhina Stag's-horn Summachalien Ribes alpinum Mountain Currantnative Ribes nigrum Black Currantnative Ribes rubrum Red Currantnative Ribes sanguineum Flowering Currantalien Ribes uva-crispa Gooseberrynative Robinia pseudoacacia False-acaciaalien Rorippa amphibia Great Yellow-cressnative Rorippa microphylla Narrow-fruited Water-cressnative Rorippa nasturtium-
aquaticumWater-cress
hybrid Rorippa palustris Marsh Yellow-cressnative Rorippa sylvestris Creeping Yellow-cressnative Rosa "Hollandica" Dutch Rosealien Rosa arvensis Field-rosenative Rosa caesia ssp.caesia Hairy Dog-rosenative Rosa caesia ssp.vosagiaca Glaucous Dog-rosenative Rosa caesia x R.sherardiihybrid Rosa canina Dog-rosenative Rosa mollis Soft Downy-rosenative Rosa pimpinellifolia Burnet Rosenative Rosa rubiginosa Sweet-briarnative Rosa rugosa Japanese Rosealien Rosa sherardii Sherard's Downy-rosenative Rosa tomentosa Harsh Downy-rose
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200226
native Rosa x dumalishybrid Rosa x nitidulahybrid Rosa x rothschildiihybrid Rubus armeniacus Bramble
Rubus caesius Dewberrynative Rubus dasyphyllus
Rubus eboracensis BrambleRubus idaeus Raspberry
native Rubus laciniatusRubus latifoliusRubus lindebergii BrambleRubus nemoralis
alien Rubus tuberculatusRubus ulmifoliusRubus vestitusRumex acetosa ssp.acetosaCommon Sorrel
native Rumex acetosellassp.acetosella
Sheep's Sorrel
native Rumex conglomeratus Clustered Docknative Rumex crispus ssp.crispus Curled Docknative Rumex crispus ssp.littoreus Curled Docknative Rumex hydrolapathum Water Docknative Rumex maritimus Golden Docknative Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Docknative Rumex palustris Marsh Docknative Rumex sanguineus Wood Docknative Rumex x pratensishybrid Ruppia maritima Beaked Tasselweednative Ruscus aculeatus Butcher's-broomnative Sagina apetala ssp.apetela Annual Pearlwortnative Sagina apetala ssp.erecta Annual Pearlwortnative Sagina maritima Sea Pearlwortnative Sagina nodosa Knotted Pearlwortnative Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwortnative Salicornia dolichostachya Long-spiked Glasswortnative Salicornia europaea Common Glasswortnative Salicornia fragilis Yellow Glasswortnative Salicornia ramosissima Purple Glasswortnative Salix alba White Willownative Salix alba ssp.vitellina Golden Willownative Salix aurita Eared Sallownative Salix caprea Goat Willownative Salix cinerea ssp.oleifolia Grey Willownative Salix diaphnoides European Violet-willowalien Salix fragilis Crack-willownative Salix myrsinifolia Dark-leaved Willow
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200227
native Salix pentandra Bay Willownative Salix purpurea Purple Willownative Salix repens Creeping Willownative Salix triandra Almond Willownative Salix viminalis Osiernative Salix x forbesiana Willow-hybridhybrid Salix x multinervis Willow hybridhybrid Salix x pendulinaalien Salix x reichardtiihybrid Salix x rubenshybrid Salix x sepulcralis Weeping Crack-willowhybrid Salix x sericans Broad-leaved Osierhybrid Salix x smithiana Silky-leaved Osierhybrid Salsola kali ssp.kali Prickly Saltwortnative Salvia verbenaca Wild Clarynative Sambucus nigra Eldernative Sambucus racemosa Red-berried Elderalien Samolus valerandi Brookweednative Sanguisorba minor
ssp.minorSalad Burnet
native Sanguisorba minorssp.muricata
Foder Burnet
alien Sanguisorba officinalis Great Burnetnative Sanicula europaea Saniclenative Santolina
chamaecyparissusLavender-cotton
alien Saponaria officinalis Soapwortnative Sarcocornia perennis Perennial Glasswortnative Saxifraga granulata Meadow Saxifragenative Saxifraga tridactylites Rue-leaved Saxifragenative Saxifraga x urbium London Pridealien Scabiosa columbaria Small Scabiousnative Schoenoplectus lacustris Common Club-rushnative Schoenoplectus
tabernaemontaniGrey Club-rush
native Scilla siberica Siberian Squillalien Scirpus sylvaticus Wood Club-rushnative Scleranthus annuus
ssp.annuusAnnual Knawel
native Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwortnative Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwortnative Securigera varia Crown Vetchalien Sedum acre Biting Stonecropnative Sedum album White Stonecropnative Sedum anglicum English Stonecropnative Sedum rupestre Reflexed Stonecrop
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200228
alien Sedum spectabile Butterfly Stonecropalien Sedum spurium Caucasian-stonecropalien Senecio aquaticus Marsh Ragwortnative Senecio cineraria Silver Ragwortalien Senecio erucifolius Hoary Ragwortnative Senecio jacobaea Common Ragwortnative Senecio squalidus Oxford Ragwortalien Senecio sylvaticus Heath Groundselnative Senecio viscosus Sticky Groundselnative Senecio vulgaris Groundselnative Senecio x albescenshybrid Senecio x baxterihybrid Senecio x ostenfeldiihybrid Senecio x subnebrodensishybrid Sequoidendron giganteum Wellingtoniaalien Seriphidium maritimum Sea Wormwoodnative Serratula tinctoria Saw-wortnative Sesleria caerulea Blue Moor-grassnative Setaria pumila Yellow Bristle-grasscasual Sherardia arvensis Field Maddernative Silaum silaus Pepper-saxifragenative Silene dioica Red Campionnative Silene latifolia ssp.latifolia White Campionnative Silene noctiflora Night-flowering Catchflynative Silene vulgaris ssp.vulgaris Bladder Campionnative Silene x hampeana Campion hybridhybrid Sinapis alba ssp.alba White Mustardalien Sinapis arvensis Charlocknative Sisymbrium altissimum Tall Rocketalien Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustardnative Sisymbrium orientale Eastern Rocketalien Sisyrinchium bermudiana Blue-eyed-grassnative Smyrnium olusatrum Alexandersalien Solanum dulcamara Bittersweetnative Solanum nigrum ssp.nigrum Black Nightshadenative Soleirolia soleirolii Mind-your-own-businessalien Solidago canadensis Canadian Goldenrodalien Solidago gigantea Early Goldenrodalien Solidago virgaurea Goldenrodnative Sonchus arvensis Perennial Sow-thistlenative Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistlenative Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistlenative Sonchus palustris Marsh Sow-thistlenative Sorbus aria Whitebeamnative Sorbus aucuparia Rowannative Sorbus intermedia Swedish Whitebeamalien Sorbus latifolia Broad-leaved Whitebeam
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200229
alien Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reednative Sparganium erectum
ssp.microcarpumBranched Bur-reed
native Sparganium erectumssp.neglectum
Branched Bur-reed
native Sparganium erectumssp.oocarpum
Branched Bur-reed
native Spartium junceum Spanish Broomalien Spergula arvensis Corn Spurreynative Spergularia marina Lesser Sea-spurreynative Spergularia media Greater Sea-spurreynative Spiraea x billardiialien Stachys annua Annual Yellow-woundwortcasual
Stachys arvensis Field Woundwortnative Stachys byzantina Lamb's-earalien
Stachys officinalis Betonynative Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwortnative Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwortnative
Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwortnative
Stachys x ambiguahybrid Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwortnative Stellaria holostea Greater Stitchwortnative Stellaria media Common Chickweednative Stellaria neglecta Greater Chickweednative Stellaria nemorum
ssp.nemorumWood Stitchwort
native Stellaria pallida Lesser Chickweednative Stellaria palustris Marsh Stitchwortnative Stellaria uliginosa Bog Stitchwortnative Stratiotes aloides Water-soldiernative Suaeda maritima Annual Sea-blitenative Suaeda vera Shrubby Sea-blitenative Succisa pratensis Devil's-bit Scabiousnative Symphoricarpos albus Snowberryalien Symphytum officinale Common Comfreynative Symphytum tuberosum Tuberous Comfreynative Symphytum x uplandicum Russian Comfreyalien Syringa vulgaris Lilacalien Tamarix gallica Tamariskalien Tamus communis Black Bryonynative Tanacetum parthenium Feverfewnative Tanacetum vulgare Tansynative Taraxacum aberrans Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum acroglossum Dandelion sp.
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200230
alien* Taraxacum acutifidium Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum adiantifrons Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum amplum Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum ancidens Dandelion sp.
Taraxacum ancistrolobum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum arenastrum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum atactum Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum boekmanii Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum brachyglossum Dandelion sp.
Taraxacum cophocentrum Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum cordatum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum corynodes Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum cyanolepsis Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum dahlstedtii Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum duplidentifrons Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum
edmondsonianumDandelion sp.
native Taraxacum ekmanii Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum europhyllum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum exacutum Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum expallidiforme Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum faeroense Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum fasciatum Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum fragerstroemii Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum fulviforme Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum fulvum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum glauciniforme Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum haematicum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum hamatiforme Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum hamatum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum hamiferum Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum haworthianum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum horridifrons Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum incisum Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum laciniosifrons Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum lacistophyllum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum laeticolor Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum lamprophyllum Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum lancidens Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum landmarkii Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum laticordatum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum latisectum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum lingulatum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum longisquameum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum marklundii Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum melanthoides Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum norstedii Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum oblongatum Dandelion sp.
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200231
native Taraxacum oxoniense Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum pachymerum Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum palustre Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum pannucium Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum pannulatiforme Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum pannulatum Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum piceatum Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum planum Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum platyglossum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum polyodon Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum pseudolarssonii Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum rhampodes Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum saggitipotens Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum sahlinianum Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum sellandii Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum stereodes Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum strictophyllum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum subcyanolepsis Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum subhamatum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum sublaeticolor Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum
subxanthostigmaDandelion sp.
alien Taraxacum tortilobum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum tumentilobum Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum undulatiflorum Dandelion sp.alien* Taraxacum undulatum Dandelion sp.native* Taraxacum unguilobum Dandelion sp.native Taraxacum vatisectum Dandelion sp.alien Taraxacum xanthostigma Dandelion sp.alien* Taxus baccata Yewnative Tellima grandiflora Fringe-cupsalien Teucrium scorodonia Wood Sagenative Thalictrum aquilegiifolium French Meadow-ruenative Thalictrum minus Lesser Meadow-ruenative Thlaspi arvense Field Penny-cressnative Thuja plicata Western Red-cedaralien Thymus polytrichus Wild Thymenative Thymus vulgaris Thymealien Tilia cordata Small-leaved Limenative Tilia platyphyllos Large-leaved Limenative Tilia tomentosa Silver Limealien Tilia x europaea Limealien Torilis japonica Upright Hedge-parsleynative Torilis nodosa Knotted Hedge-parsleynative Trachystemon orientalis Abraham-Isaac-Jacobalien Tragopogon porrifolius Salsifyalien Tragopogon pratensis
ssp.minorGoat's-beard
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200232
native Trichomanes speciosum Killarney Fernnative Trichophorum cespitosum
ssp.cespitosumDeergrass
native Trientalis europaea Chickweed Wintergreennative Trifolium arvense Hare's-foot Clovernative Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoilnative Trifolium dubium Lesser Yellow Trefoilnative Trifolium fragiferum Strawberry Clovernative Trifolium hybridum ssp.hybridum Alsike Cloveralien Trifolium incarnatum
ssp.incarnatumCrimson Clover
alien Trifolium medium Zigzag Clovernative Trifolium micranthum Slender Trefoilnative Trifolium pratense Red Clovernative Trifolium repens White Clovernative Trifolium striatum Knotted Clovernative Trifolium subterraneum Subterranean Clovernative Triglochin maritimum Sea Arrowgrassnative Triglochin palustre Marsh Arrowgrassnative Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweednative Tripleurospermum
maritimumSea Mayweed
native Trisetum flavescens Yellow Oat-grassnative Tristagma uniflorum Spring Starfloweralien Trollius europaeus Globeflowernative Tulipa gesneriana Garden Tulipalien Tussilago farfara Colt's-footnative Typha angustifolia Lesser Bulrushnative Typha latifolia Bulrushnative Ulex europaeus Gorsenative Ulmus glabra Wych Elmnative Ulmus minor ssp.sarniensis Jersey Elmnative Ulmus procera English Elmnative Ulmus x hollandica Dutch Elmhybrid Ulmus x vegeta Huntingdom Elmhybrid Umbilicus rupestris Navelwortnative Urtica dioica Common Nettlenative Urtica galeosifolia Small Nettlenative Urtica urens Small Nettlenative Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberrynative Vaccinium vitis-idaea Cowberrynative Valeriana dioica Marsh Valeriannative Valeriana officinalis Common Valeriannative Valerianella locusta Common Cornsaladnative Verbascum densiflorum Dense-flowered Mulleinalien Verbascum nigrum Dark Mullein
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200233
native Verbascum phlomoides Orange Mulleinalien Verbascum pulverulentum Hoary Mulleinnative Verbascum thapsus Great Mulleinnative Veronica agrestis Green Field-speedwellnative Veronica anagallis-aquatica Blue Water-speedwellnative Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwellnative Veronica beccabunga Brooklimenative Veronica catenata Pink Water-speedwellnative Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwellnative Veronica filiformis Slender Speedwellalien Veronica hederifolia
ssp.hederifoliaIvy-leaved Speedwell
native Veronica hederifoliassp.lucorum
Ivy-leaved Speedwell
native Veronica longifolia Garden Speedwellalien Veronica montana Wood Speedwellnative Veronica officinalis Heath Speedwellnative Veronica persica Common Field-speedwellalien Veronica polita Grey Field-speedwellnative Veronica scutellata Marsh Speedwellnative Veronica serpyllifolia
ssp.serpyllifoliaThyme-leaved Speedwell
native Viburnum lantana Wayfaring-treenative Viburnum opulus Guelder-Rosenative Vicia cracca Tufted Vetchnative Vicia faba Broad Beancasual Vicia hirsuta Hairy Tarenative Vicia lathyroides Spring Vetchnative Vicia sativa ssp.nigra Common Vetchnative Vicia sativa ssp.sativa Common Vetchalien Vicia sativa ssp.segetalis Common Vetchnative Vicia sepium Bush Vetchnative Vicia sylvatica Wood Vetchnative Vicia tetrasperma Smooth Tarenative Vicia villosa Fodder Vetchalien Vinca major Greater Periwinklealien Vinca minor Lesser Periwinklealien Viola arvensis Field Pansynative Viola canina ssp.canina Heath Dog-violetnative Viola hirta Hairy Violetnative Viola odorata Sweet Violetnative Viola palustris Marsh Violetnative Viola reichenbachiana Early Dog-violetnative Viola riviniana Common Dog-violetnative Viola tricolor ssp.tricolor Wild Pansynative Viola x bavaricahybrid Dog-violethybrid Viola x contempta
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200234
hybrid Viscum album Mistletoenative Vulpia bromoides Squirreltail Fescuenative Vulpia myuros Rat's-tail Fescuenative Zannichellia palustris Horned Pondweed
Cleveland Flora 1985 – 200235