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SISTEMSISTEM KOMUNIKASIKOMUNIKASI SERATSERAT OPTIKOPTIK
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I. PENDAHULUAN
KOMUNIKASI adalah transfer informasi dari satu
titik ke titik yang lain.
Jarak, diperlukan suatu sistem.
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FIBER OPTIK
1. FIBER OPTIK
Fiber Optic adalah media transmisi informasiyang terbuat dari serat kaca dan plastic yangmenggunakan bias cahaya dalam mentransmisikan datasehingga memiliki kecepatan transfer data yang
sangat cepat.
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The General System
The General Communication System
Information source Transmitter
(modulator)
Transmission
Medium
Receiver
(demodulator)Destination
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The General System
The Optical Fiber Communication System
Information source Electrical
Transmit
Optical
Source
Optical Fiber
Receiver
(demodulator)Destination
Optical
Detector
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Optical Fiber Advantages6
Weight and Size Fiber cable is significantly smaller and lighter than electrical cables to do the
same job
Material Cost Fiber cable costs significantly less than copper cable for the same transmission
capacity
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Information Capacity Recently, bit-rates of up to 14 Tbit/s have been reached over a single 160 km
line using optical amplifiers
No Electrical Connection Electrical connections have problems:
Ground loops (in a conductor connecting two points that are supposed to be at thesame potential, often ground, but are actually at different potentials) causing noises
and interferences
Dangerous (must be protected)
Lightning poses a severe hazard
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Optical Fiber Advantages (Cont)7
No Electromagnetic Interference Because the connection is not electrical, you can neither pick up nor
create electrical interference (the major source of noise)
Longer distances between Regenerators (hundreds of
kilometers)
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Open Ended Capacity The maximum theoretical capacity of installed fiber is very great (almost
infinite)
Better Security It is possible to tap fiber optical cable. But it is very difficult to do and the
additional loss caused by the tap is relatively easy to detect
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Optical Fiber Elements
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Core Carries the light signal (pure silica glass and
doped with germanium)
Cladding
Keeps light signal within core (Pure SilicaGlass)
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Protects Optical Fiber From Abrasion andExternal Pressures (UV Cured Acrylate)
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Mengapa cahaya bisa bergerak sepanjang
serat optik?9
Karena ada fenomenaTotal
Internal Reflection (TIR)
TIR dimungkinkan dengan
membedakan indeks bias (n)
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Dalam hal ini ncore > ncladding
Memanfaatkan hukum Snellius
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Remembering Snellius10
ncore > ncladding
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Critical angle
At the critical angle we know that equals 90 and sin90 = 1 and so
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for rays where 1 is less than a critical value then the ray willpropagate along the fiber and will be bound within the fiber
(Total Internal Reflection)
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where the angle 1 is greater than the critical value the ray isrefracted into the cladding and will ultimately be lost outside the
fiber
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Numerical Aperture (NA)13
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Light Modes14
Can be as few as one mode and as many as tens of
thousands of modes
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Fiber Transmission Windows (Bands)15
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Transmitter Light Sources16
Light Emitting Diodes (LED) Used for multimode: 850 nm or 1300 nm
Wide beam width fills multimode fibers
Wider spectrum (typically 50 nm)
Inexpensive
Cannot modulate as fast as lasers
VCSELsVertical Cavity Surface Emitting
Laser
Used for multimode at 850 and 1300 nm
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Quite narrow spectrum
Narrow beam width (does not fill multimode fibers)
Much less expensive than FP or DFB lasers
Fabry-Perot (FP) and Distributed Feedback
(DFB) Lasers Used for singlemode: 1310 nm or 1550 nm
Narrow spectrum (can be less than 1 nm)
Narrow beam width (does not fill multimode fibers)
Highest power and fastest switchingMost expensive
(especially DFB)
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Salah satu cara untukmengidenifikasi konstruksi kabeloptik adalah dengan menggunakanperbandingan antara diameter coredan cladding. Sebagai contohadalah tipe kabel 62.5/125.Artinya diamater core 62,5 micron
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dan diameter cladding 125 micron
Contoh lain tipe kabel:50/125,62.5/125 dan 8.3/125
Jumlah core di dalam satu kabelbisa antara 4 s.d. 144
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Klasifikasi Serat Optik18
Berdasarkan mode gelombang cahaya yang
berpropagasi pada serat optik
Multimode Fibre
Singlemode Fibre
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Berdasarkan perubahan indeks bias bahan
Step index fibre
Gradded index fibre
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Tipe konstruksi FO
1. Loose Tube Cable
2. Tight buffered cable
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Jenis konektor Fober Optik
1. SMA konektor
.
3. ST Konektor
4. FC konektor
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Jenis Serat Optik
1. Single Mode
2. Multi Mode
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JARINGAN LOKAL AKSES FIBER
Jarlokaf adalah jaringan akses yang menggunakansecara bersama suatu antarmuka jaringan dan diimplementsikan menggunakan serat optik.
1. FTTC (Fiber To The Crub)
2. FTTB ( Fiber To The Building)
3. FTTH (Fiber To The Home)
4. FTTT (Fiber To The Tower)
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Arsitektur dan topologi FTTx
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PENYAMBUNGAN SERAT OPTIK
1. Peleburan (Fusion Splice )
Penyambungan dilakukandengan menyolder ujung-ujungkedua serat optik yang
disesuaikan posisinya.
2. Penyambungan Mekanis
Penyambungan mekanismenggunakan elemen biasa dan
teknik ini diterapkan dilapangan.
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PEMBAHASAN
1 Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
Fiber To The Home merupakan suatu formatpenghantaran isyarat optis dari pusat penyedia(Provider) ke kawasan pengguna dengan menggunakan
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ELEMEN JARINGAN FTTH